环塔里木盆地春玉米高产高效潜力分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.S1.010

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (S1): 44-48.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.S1.010

环塔里木盆地春玉米高产高效潜力分析

扁青永¹^,²(), 杨永霞¹, 付彦博¹^,²(), 王治国¹, 朱锦泉², 魏彦宏¹, 曾异智³, 谢增³

¹ 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091
² 国家土壤质量阿克苏观测实验站/阿克苏棕漠土土壤质量新疆野外科学观测研究站, 乌鲁木齐 830091
³ 新疆中农利邦农业发展有限公司, 新疆尼勒克 835100

收稿日期:2025-06-20 出版日期:2025-10-10 发布日期:2025-10-29
通信作者: 付彦博(1986-),男,研究员,硕士,研究方向为水肥资源高效利用,(E-mail)371293063@qq.com
作者简介:扁青永(1991-),男,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为养分资源高效利用,(E-mail)18116873795@126.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02001-1);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才-青年拔尖人才(2024TSYCJC0074);伊犁哈萨克自治州科技计划项目(YZD2024A01);拜城县科技计划项目(拜城县玉米高产模式创建与应用示范);新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院青年理论学习小组调研项目

Analysis of the potential for high yields and efficiency of spring corn in the Tarim Basin

BIAN Qingyong¹^,²(), YANG Yongxia¹, FU Yanbo¹^,²(), WANG Zhiguo¹, ZHU Jinquan², WEI Yanhong¹, ZENG Yizhi³, XIE Zeng³

¹ Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
² National Soil Quality Aksu Observation and Experiment Station / Aksu Brown Desert Soil Quality Field Scientific Observation and Research Station in Xinjiang, Urumqi 830091, China
³ Xinjiang Zhongnong Libang Agricultural Development Co., LTD., Nileke Xinjiang 835100, China

Received:2025-06-20 Published:2025-10-10 Online:2025-10-29
Correspondence author: FU Yanbo(1986-),male,researcher,research direction: efficient utilization of water and fertilizer resources,(E-mail)371293063@qq.com
Supported by:
Autonomous Region Key Research and Development Program Project(2022B02001-1);Autonomous Region Tianshan Talents - Outstanding Young Talents Program(2024TSYCJC0074);Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Science and Technology Program Project(YZD2024A01);Baicheng County Science and Technology Program Project (Baicheng County High-Yield Corn Production Model Development and Application Demonstration);Research project of the youth theoretical study group of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 分析环塔里木盆地春玉米高产高效潜力,为环塔里木盆地玉米产能提升提供理论支撑与实践路径。【方法】 通过田间调研与模型模拟,系统分析该区域春玉米生产的自然约束与技术瓶颈。【结果】 通过品种改良、种植技术优化、资源利用效率提升等技术集成,可显著改善玉米生长环境。盆地边缘绿洲带在适宜的水肥条件以及播期与密度调控下可充分挖掘玉米高产高效潜力。【结论】 干旱缺水与土壤盐碱化构成基础性限制;春玉米品种抗逆性不足、水肥管理粗放及技术推广断层进一步制约了春玉米产量提升。

关键词: 春玉米; 高产高效; 潜力

Abstract:

【Objective】 Analysis of the potential for high yields and efficiency of spring corn in the Tarim Basin.This research provides both theoretical support and practical pathways for enhancing corn production capacity in the Tarim Basin region. 【Methods】 This study systematically analyzed the natural constraints and technical bottlenecks of spring corn production in the region through field surveys and model simulations. 【Results】 Drought and water scarcity, along with soil salinization, constitute the fundamental constraints; insufficient variety stress tolerance,inefficient water and fertilizer management, and gaps in technology promotion further limit yield increases. 【Conclusion】 The study proposes that integrating technologies such as variety improvement, optimized planting techniques, and enhanced resource utilization efficiency can significantly improve the corn growth environment.A typical case study based on the Hybrid-Maize model demonstrates that the oasis belt along the basin's edge can fully unlock the high-yield and efficient potential of corn under suitable water and fertilizer conditions, as well as through controlled planting dates and densities.

Key words: spring corn; high yield and efficiency; potential

中图分类号:

S21
S154.1

扁青永, 杨永霞, 付彦博, 王治国, 朱锦泉, 魏彦宏, 曾异智, 谢增. 环塔里木盆地春玉米高产高效潜力分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(S1): 44-48.

BIAN Qingyong, YANG Yongxia, FU Yanbo, WANG Zhiguo, ZHU Jinquan, WEI Yanhong, ZENG Yizhi, XIE Zeng. Analysis of the potential for high yields and efficiency of spring corn in the Tarim Basin[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(S1): 44-48.

图/表 6

图1 环塔里木盆地春玉米种植区

Fig.1 Spring corn planting area in the Tarim Basin

图2 Hybrid-Maize模型输入界面

Fig.2 Hybrid-Maize model input interface

图3 拜城县春玉米产量潜力随播期的变化

Fig.3 Changes of spring corn production potential in Bachen County according to sowing date

图4 拜城县产量春小麦潜力随密度的变化(2013~2022) 注:D1、D2、D3、D4、D5和D6分别为密度:7.5×104、9.0×104、10.5×104、12.0×104、13.5×104和15.0×104 株/hm2,* 表示在0.05水平下显著

Fig.4 Changes of spring corn production potential in Bachen County with density (2013-2022) Notes:D1、D2、D3、D4、D5 and D6 respectively density:7.5×104、9.0×104、10.5×104、12.0×104、13.5×104 and 15.0×104 株/hm2,* statistically significant at the 0.05 level

图5 拜城县农户春玉米产量、产量构成因素与Hybrid-Maize模型模拟及高产数据比较

Fig.5 Comparisons of yield, yield components, Hybrid-Maize model simulation, and spring corn high-yield data for farmers in Bachen County

图6 拜城县农户春玉米生育期天数、干物质质量、收获指数与Hybrid-Maize模型模拟及高产数据比较注:B0为拜城县农户种植水平,B1为Hybrid-Maize模型在B0条件下模拟所得,B2为在其他条件与B0一致,优化播期与密度下进行Hybrid-Maize模型模拟,R为全国玉米高产纪录

Fig.6 Comparison of spring corn the number of days during the growing season, dry matter quality, and harvest index of farmers in Bachen County with the Hybrid-Maize model simulation and high-yield data Notes:B0 Toimprove the planting level of farmers in Baicheng County,B1:Hybrid-Maize is the simulation results of the model under B0 conditions,B2: involves conduction Hybrid-maize-model simulations under conditions cousistent with B0,with optimized sowing dates and plauting densities,R rets the national high-yield record for corn

参考文献 4

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环塔里木盆地春玉米高产高效潜力分析

Analysis of the potential for high yields and efficiency of spring corn in the Tarim Basin

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