Abstract: [Objective] In order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of garlic root rot disease in Xinjiang, potential pathogens were isolated and identified from root garlic tissues.[Method]Using conventional tissue separation method for the separation and purification of pathogenic bacteria of the strains were identified by traditional morphological identification method combined with molecular biological methods.The method of in situ root injury was used to control the species and pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria by contrast with Koch's postulate.[Result]64 isolates were purified from 3 batches root rot samples in Jimsar County, in which 61species were finally identified as the Fusarium spp.F.oxysporum, F.proliferatum, F.tricinctum, F.redolens, F.verticillioides, F.equiseti were involved in this disease.F.oxysporum and F.proliferatum could be isolated from all growth stages with frequency of 76.6; in total.In situ pathogenicity tests demonstrated that 5 typical strains could cause the infection of root rot at different levels, and the major pathogen was F.oxysporum, followed by F.proliferatum.[Conclusion]Different species of Fusarium spp.are involved in garlic root rot in Xinjiang.F.oxysporum was considered as the dominant pathogen because of its wide distribution, high frequency of isolation and strong pathogenicity.