不同处理对‘吊干’杏种子发芽及幼苗生长特性分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.012

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (12): 2976-2986.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.012

• 土壤肥料·贮藏保鲜加工·园艺特产 • 上一篇下一篇

不同处理对‘吊干’杏种子发芽及幼苗生长特性分析

闫文静¹(), 秦丽欢¹, 阿丽娅·阿力木¹, 张大海¹, 李嘉乐², 李欢², 谢辉¹()

1.新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业大学科学技术学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2024-03-05 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2025-01-16
通信作者: 谢辉(1984-),男,山西运城人,研究员,博士,研究方向为新疆特色果树栽培与加工,(E-mail)xhxjnky@163.com。
作者简介:闫文静(1991-),女,河南周口人,硕士研究生,研究方向为新疆特色果树栽培与加工,(E-mail)2276701287@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发基金项目“新疆杏产业技术体系专项资金项目”(XJCYTX-01);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发基金项目“新疆杏产业技术体系专项资金项目”(XJCYTX-03);天山英才创新人才青年拔尖人才项目(2022TSYCCX0068);中央引导地方-特色果树种质创新与育种能力提升项目(228)

Study on germination and seedling growth characteristics of Dried Apricot seeds with different treatments

YAN Wenjing¹(), QIN Lihuan¹, Aliya Alimu¹, ZHANG Dahai¹, LI Jiale², LI Huan², XIE Hui¹()

1. Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. College of Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China

Received:2024-03-05 Published:2024-12-20 Online:2025-01-16
Supported by:
Key Scientific R & D Program Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJCYTX-01);Key Scientific R & D Program Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJCYTX-03);Tianshan Talent Innovative Talent Project for Young Top Talents(2022TSYCCX0068);Central Government Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development Grant Project(228)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 筛选‘吊干’杏种子发芽的最佳消毒方式,筛选促‘吊干’杏种子萌发的最佳方法,分析其萌发及幼苗生长特性,为揭示杏种子休眠机理及提高苗木生长质量提供参考。【方法】 试验设置4种消毒杏种子处理,并用激素法、温汤浸种法、低温层积法、激素+低温层积法处理‘吊干’杏种子,测定发芽率及幼苗生长指标。【结果】 (1)1%多菌灵处理杏种子,其发霉率为0.00%,对种子毒害最小,种子发芽率最高为88.67%。(2)‘吊干’杏在不去皮处理下,经激素浸种与温汤浸种,发芽率均较低,‘吊干’杏种子具有种皮休眠特性。带壳‘吊干’杏种子经低温层积,发芽时间较长,‘吊干’杏种壳具有休眠特性。(3)温汤浸种及先用激素处理后低温层积的种子发芽率及出苗率普遍不高,出苗率不整齐,且幼苗生长特性较差。500 mg/L的赤霉素处理半去皮‘吊干’杏种子发芽及出苗时间最短,种苗长势最好,发芽率高达90.50%,出苗率高达80.10%。其次低温层积处理‘吊干’杏带壳种子120 d时,发芽率及出苗率均较高,发芽率为84.67%,出苗率79.10%,且幼苗生长特性良好,但是育种时间较长。【结论】 1%的多菌灵对杏种子消毒效果最佳。‘吊干’杏具有种皮、种壳休眠特性。不同方法处理‘吊干’杏种子比较,500 mg/L的赤霉素处理半去皮种子发芽率及出苗率较高,幼苗长势最好,培育周期短,生产上可作种苗培育的方法。

关键词: ‘吊干’杏; 发芽试验; 种子发芽; 幼苗生长; 种子休眠

Abstract:

【Objective】 To screen the best disinfection methods and mastere the best method of promoting seed germination of Dried Apricot seeds, and meanwhile, to clarify germination and seedling growth characteristics of the seeds in the hope of revealing the seed dormancy mechanism and improving the seedling growth quality.【Methods】 In this experiment, four disinfection methods were set up to disinfect apricot seeds, and the Dried Apricot seeds were treated with hormone method, warm soup soaking method, low temperature layering method, and hormone + low temperature layering method, and after that, the germination and seedling growth indexes were measured.【Results】 (1) The mold rate of apricot seeds treated with 1% carbendazim was 0.00%, the least toxic to seeds, and the highest germination rate of seeds was 88.67%.(2) The seed germination rate of Dried Apricot was lower after soaking in hormone and warm soup without peeling treatment, which indicated that Dried Apricot seeds had dormancy characteristics of seed coat.The germination time of the Dried Apricot seeds with shell was long at low temperature stratification, which indicated that the shell of the apricot had dormancy characteristics of seed shell.(3) Under different methods, the germination and seedling emergence time of Dried Apricot seeds treated with 500 mg/L gibberellin treatment was the shortest, and the seedling growth characteristics was the best, with a germination rate of 90.50% and a seedling emergence rate of 80.10%.In addition, after 120 days of low-temperature layering treatment of Dried Apricot, the germination rate and seedling emergence rate were higher, the germination rate was 84.67%, the seedling emergence rate was 79.10%, and the seedling growth characteristics were good, but the breeding time was longer.The seed germination rate and seedling emergence rate of warm soup soaking and low temperature layer after hormone treatment were generally not high, the seedling emergence rate was not uniform, and the seedling growth characteristics were poor.【Conclusion】 The comprehensive analysis shows that 1% carbendazim has the best disinfection effect on apricot seeds, and compared with Dried Apricot seeds treated by different methods, the germination rate and seedling emergence rate of semi-peeled seeds treated with 500mg/L gibberellin are higher, the seedling growth characteristics is the best, the cultivation cycle can be greatly shortened, so the seedling cultivation method can be used in production.

Key words: Dried Apricot; germination test; germination of seeds; seedling growth; seed dormancy

中图分类号:

闫文静, 秦丽欢, 阿丽娅·阿力木, 张大海, 李嘉乐, 李欢, 谢辉. 不同处理对‘吊干’杏种子发芽及幼苗生长特性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(12): 2976-2986.

YAN Wenjing, QIN Lihuan, Aliya Alimu, ZHANG Dahai, LI Jiale, LI Huan, XIE Hui. Study on germination and seedling growth characteristics of Dried Apricot seeds with different treatments[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(12): 2976-2986.

图/表 11

参考文献 28

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消毒方式 Disinfection method	种子处理 Seed treatment	发霉率 Mildew rate(%)	发芽率 Germination rate(%)	胚根长度 Radicle length(mm)
75%酒精 75% alcohol	全去皮	15.21±3.12^c	16.01±1.47^de	2.21±0.89^d
	半去皮	20.25±4.34^b	14.23±4.79^e	3.59±1.01^c
	不去皮	88.56±2.10^a	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
3%过氧化氢 3% hydrogen peroxide	全去皮	10.57±3.45^c	46.55±3.45^b	4.49±1.34^bc
	半去皮	11.16±2.14^c	32.98±4.51^c	5.79±1.87^b
	不去皮	82.78±5.12^a	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
1%次氯酸钠 1% sodium hypochlorite	全去皮	0.00±0.00	22.21±2.15^d	2.18±0.45^d
	半去皮	0.00±0.00	21.45±3.47^d	3.00±0.24^c
	不去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
1%多菌灵 1% carbendazim	全去皮	0.00±0.00	88.67±5.26^a	6.33±0.37^ab
	半去皮	0.00±0.00	86.47±6.36^a	7.88±2.45^a
	不去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
清水 Clear water	全去皮	20.05±2.41^bc	36.45±3.24^bc	3.12±1.02^cd
	半去皮	25.67±3.56^b	30.83±2.76^c	4.65±1.23^bc
	不去皮	25.23±5.34^b	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00

消毒方式 Disinfection method	种子处理 Seed treatment	发霉率 Mildew rate(%)	发芽率 Germination rate(%)	胚根长度 Radicle length(mm)
75%酒精 75% alcohol	全去皮	15.21±3.12^c	16.01±1.47^de	2.21±0.89^d
	半去皮	20.25±4.34^b	14.23±4.79^e	3.59±1.01^c
	不去皮	88.56±2.10^a	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
3%过氧化氢 3% hydrogen peroxide	全去皮	10.57±3.45^c	46.55±3.45^b	4.49±1.34^bc
	半去皮	11.16±2.14^c	32.98±4.51^c	5.79±1.87^b
	不去皮	82.78±5.12^a	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
1%次氯酸钠 1% sodium hypochlorite	全去皮	0.00±0.00	22.21±2.15^d	2.18±0.45^d
	半去皮	0.00±0.00	21.45±3.47^d	3.00±0.24^c
	不去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
1%多菌灵 1% carbendazim	全去皮	0.00±0.00	88.67±5.26^a	6.33±0.37^ab
	半去皮	0.00±0.00	86.47±6.36^a	7.88±2.45^a
	不去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
清水 Clear water	全去皮	20.05±2.41^bc	36.45±3.24^bc	3.12±1.02^cd
	半去皮	25.67±3.56^b	30.83±2.76^c	4.65±1.23^bc
	不去皮	25.23±5.34^b	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00

浓度 Concen tration (mg/L)	种子处理 Seeds treatment	发芽率 Germination rate(%)	出苗率 Emergence rate (%)	苗高 Height of seedling(cm)	叶片数 Number of blades	主根长 Taproot length (mm)	侧根数 Number of lateral roots
100	全去皮	96.1±2.45^a	65.04±5.23^d	16.42±2.34^bc	11.67±1.36^ab	10.73±2.38^ab	15.33±3.54^c
	半去皮	86.57±5.15^c	60.69±5.89^e	18.18±1.42^b	15.33±2.36^a	11.83±1.78^ab	16.67±4.69b^c
	不去皮	4.10±0.31^f	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
200	全去皮	92.41±2.89^b	69.44±4.23^c	14.11±3.59^c	12.25±1.67^ab	12.18±2.75^ab	18.67±3.52^b
	半去皮	82.23±3.34^d	70.10±3.38^c	18.31±2.33^b	15.33±2.34^a	14.93±1.71^a	21.67±3.77^ab
	不去皮	5.35±1.13^f	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
500	全去皮	98.00±2.01^a	94.59±3.37^a	33.5±6.12^a	10.33±0.67^c	8.71±1.80^b	18±4.66^b
	半去皮	90.51±3.56^b	80.10±5.51^b	28.87±3.12^a	14.67±2.11^ab	12.13±3.37^ab	24.67±5.58^a
	不去皮	14.37±4.55^e	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00

浓度 Concen tration (mg/L)	种子处理 Seeds treatment	发芽率 Germination rate(%)	出苗率 Emergence rate (%)	苗高 Height of seedling(cm)	叶片数 Number of blades	主根长 Taproot length (mm)	侧根数 Number of lateral roots
100	全去皮	96.1±2.45^a	65.04±5.23^d	16.42±2.34^bc	11.67±1.36^ab	10.73±2.38^ab	15.33±3.54^c
	半去皮	86.57±5.15^c	60.69±5.89^e	18.18±1.42^b	15.33±2.36^a	11.83±1.78^ab	16.67±4.69b^c
	不去皮	4.10±0.31^f	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
200	全去皮	92.41±2.89^b	69.44±4.23^c	14.11±3.59^c	12.25±1.67^ab	12.18±2.75^ab	18.67±3.52^b
	半去皮	82.23±3.34^d	70.10±3.38^c	18.31±2.33^b	15.33±2.34^a	14.93±1.71^a	21.67±3.77^ab
	不去皮	5.35±1.13^f	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
500	全去皮	98.00±2.01^a	94.59±3.37^a	33.5±6.12^a	10.33±0.67^c	8.71±1.80^b	18±4.66^b
	半去皮	90.51±3.56^b	80.10±5.51^b	28.87±3.12^a	14.67±2.11^ab	12.13±3.37^ab	24.67±5.58^a
	不去皮	14.37±4.55^e	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00

方差来源 Source of variance	发芽率 Germination rate	出苗率 Seedling emergence rate	苗高 Height of seedling	叶片数 Number of leaves	主根长 Taproot length	侧根数 Number of lateral roots
GA₃浓度 GA₃ concentration	106.405^**	4.862^**	33.083^**	0.518	1.712	15.54^**
种皮处理 Seed coat treatment	43 106.074^**	32 511.684^**	2 815.361^**	1 059.852^**	830.043^**	1 772.667^**
浓度×种皮处理 GA₃ concentration× Seed coat treatment	4.811	1.58^**	9.408^**	4.53	1.614	9.6^**

不同处理对‘吊干’杏种子发芽及幼苗生长特性分析

Study on germination and seedling growth characteristics of Dried Apricot seeds with different treatments

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Metrics

温度 Temper- ature (℃)	时间 Time	种子处理 Seeds treatment	发芽率 Germination rate(%)	出苗率 Emergence rate (%)	苗高 Height of seedling (cm)	叶片数 Number of blades	主根长 Taproot length (mm)	侧根数 Number of lateral roots
30		全去皮	65.33±5.67^ab	40.45±2.34^c	12.37±1.59^cd	13.00±1.45^bc	61.67±5.47^a	35.33±5.86^a
	1 h	半去皮	60.29±4.66^abc	50.56±4.56^ab	14.59±2.67^c	11.00±2.13^bc	48.54±6.89^ab	26.34±4.78^bcd
		不去皮	22.33±2.11^f	12.50±2.01^f	18.25±3.66^a	18.00±2.59^ab	48.76±7.01^ab	24.51±6.19^bcd
		全去皮	60.00±3.43^abc	55.00±4.23^a	19.23±3.54^a	19.00±5.45^a	15.81±2.57^e	32.89±3.31^a
	2 h	半去皮	56.67±2.41^bcd	42.11±2.14^c	18.13±4.19^a	15.05±1.43^bc	27.73±3.49^e	28.34±4.68^ab
		不去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
		全去皮	40.00±5.17^e	13.33±2.17^f	14.95±2.01^c	13.37±2.47^cd	35.95±5.09^c	24.57±4.57^ab
	3 h	半去皮	30.00±4.01^eg	11.11±1.67^f	10.25±2.15^cd	11.45±1.16^cd	19.86±3.45^e	6.00±0.37^e
		不去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
50		全去皮	50.00±2.67^cde	59.11±5.41^a	17.13±3.15^ab	15.50±2.45^ab	29.07±2.09^d	27.00±3.89^bcd
	15 min	半去皮	53.33±1.74^cd	33.33±3.48^d	14.67±2.53^c	10.33±0.56^d	16.79±3.25^e	19.33±1.36^c
		不去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
		全去皮	78.33±2.56^a	40.01±6.45^c	14.63±2.15^c	16.33±2.89^abc	48.54±5.31^ab	28.67±3.92^ab
	30 min	半去皮	33.33±3.18^deg	25.04±3.64^e	18.67±3.78^a	13.67±1.43^bc	47.39±7.23^ab	33.04±0.67^a
		不去皮	6.10±0.67^h	3.33±4.67^g	14.80±2.03^c	9.00±0.78^cde	23.66±4.02^d	16.08±2.12^cd
		全去皮	53.33±2.43^cd	45.83±5.96^c	17.77±3.69^ab	12.67±0.33^cd	25.48±5.97^d	21.67±5.67^ab
	60 min	半去皮	50.00±4.29^cde	17.86±5.14^f	10.15±0.96^d	11.50±0.67^cd	24.27±4.09^d	14.01±2.46^cd
		不去皮	6.67±0.34^h	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
80		全去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
	15 s	半去皮	14.29±1.34^fh	10.67±2.34^f	10.75±1.69^cd	11.58±1.45^c	24.27±2.13^d	14.04±1.25^c
		不去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
		全去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
	30 s	半去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
		不去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
		全去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
	60 s	半去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
		不去皮	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00

方差来源 Source of variance	发芽率 Germination rate	出苗率 Seedling emergence rate	苗高 Height of seedling	叶片数 Number of leaves	主根长 Taproot length	侧根数 Number of lateral roots
温度Temperature	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
时间Time	680.184^**	762.583^**	52.281^**	13.411^**	20.007^**	12.359^**
种皮处理 Seed coat treatment	9 256.621^**	6 115.889^**	183.66^**	60.916^**	25.045^**	56.065^**
温度×时间 Temperature ×Time	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
温度×种皮处理 Temperature × Seed coat treatment	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
时间×种皮处理 Time× Seed coat treatment	104.805^**	333.755^**	31.521^**	13.014^**	2.961^**	3.739^**
温度×时间×种皮处理 Temperature×Time× Seed coat treatment	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

时间 Time (d)	种子处理 Seeds treatment	发芽率 Germination rate(%)	出苗率 Emergence rate(%)	苗高 Height of seedling(cm)	叶片数 Number of blades	主根长 Taproot length (mm)	侧根数 Number of lateral roots
40	去壳	6.45±0.12^d	3.00±0.37^d	10.89±1.34^c	10.25±0.56^c	8.95±1.12^d	18.01±5.34^bc
40	带壳	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
60	去壳	50.57±5.23^c	47.42±7.45^c	12.15±2.98^ab	10.33±1.67^c	11.04±0.99^c	19.24±3.21^b
60	带壳	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
80	去壳	55.83±2.47^bc	46.34±3.78^c	14.45±2.12^a	10.67±0.78^c	31.21±2.45^b	17.55±3.56^bc
80	带壳	13.83±1.89^e	5.00±0.89^d	13.57±1.47^ab	11.33±1.60^bc	22.45±2.19^bc	19.87±2.04^b
100	去壳	58.08±4.59^bc	47.95±4.46^c	11.21±1.35^b	10.33±0.99^c	40.49±3.12^a	17.3±4.21^c
100	带壳	80.00±3.48^ab	61.36±4.57^b	14.41±1.36^a	13.33±2.78^a	24.31±2.67^b	18.27±6.11^b
120	去壳	60.07±5.09^b	56.21±5.58^bc	13.65±1.23^ab	12.33±3.46^ab	34.26±3.45^ab	17.5±3.47^bc
120	带壳	84.67±3.12^a	79.10±6.07^a	14.30±2.09^a	13.67±3.01^a	39.46±3.49^a	28.67±3.66^a

方差来源 Source of variance	发芽率 Germination rate	出苗率 Seedling emergence rate	苗高 Height of seedling	叶片数 Number of leaves	主根长 Taproot length	侧根数 Number of lateral roots
时间 Time	4 002.458^**	2 731.488^**	104.456^**	213.031^**	1 344.214^**	46.074^**
种壳处理 Seed shell treatment	812.25^**	551.535^**	107.756^**	27.562^**	114.032^**	51.117^**
时间×种壳处理 Time× Seed shell treatment	1 366.764^**	1 035.605^**	85.209^**	69.906^**	102.138^**	30.716^**

激素 Hormone	浓度 Concent- rations (mg/L)	种子处理 Seeds treatment	发芽率 Germination rate (%)	出苗率 Emergence rate (%)	苗高 Height of seedling (cm)	叶片数 Number of blades	主根长 Taproot length (mm)	侧根数 Number of lateral roots
GA₃	100	去壳	38.41±5.12^cde	10.03±0.91^d	18.07±4.13^cd	9.00±1.06^cd	37.86±4.23^ab	22.33±3.25^ab
		带壳	50.75±3.78^bc	23.34±2.14^bc	20.23±2.13^bcd	10.21±1.67^cd	33.32±3.78^ab	16.34±2.49^bc
	200	去壳	66.67±4.55^a	22.00±2.09^bc	32.01±3.11^ab	9.34±1.89^cd	36.45±2.92^ab	8.12±1.34^cd
		带壳	46.34±3.89^cd	28.53±4.23^bc	33.21±2.09^ab	9.00±2.01^cd	38.78±6.67^a	7.75±0.98^cd
	500	去壳	54.15±4.68^bcd	14.67±2.12^d	37.21±3.27^ab	11.01±1.29^bc	33.21±4.51^ab	12.02±2.11^bcd
		带壳	40.04±4.27^bcd	30.44±2.41^b	39.45±2.28^a	12.11±0.56^bc	35.39±3.98^ab	20.68±1.08^ab
NAA	100	去壳	25.89±3.37^e	25.31±1.32^bc	22.12±1.91^bcd	7.21±1.67^d	21.55±3.25^d	6.07±2.79^de
		带壳	26.33±3.45^ef	20.09±1.89^cd	23.42±3.28^bcd	7.32±0.67^cd	24.45±2.78^cd	7.09±0.87^cd
	200	去壳	16.41±2.15^f	15.12±1.01^d	15.31±2.77^cd	8.23±0.37^cd	28.56±1.09^bcd	11.02±1.37^bcd
		带壳	48.24±3.36^bc	40.59±4.23^a	16.92±2.90^cd	9.01±1.68^cd	33.9±3.67^ab	12.43±2.34^bcd
	500	去壳	61.57±4.56^ab	36.91±5.90^ab	36.21±4.78^a	8.20±2.17^cd	32.9±2.78^bc	23.56±2.37^a
		带壳	62.00±3.41^ab	32.45±4.29^abc	22.6±4.61^bcd	10.33±1.32^bc	35.06±3.69^ab	20.08±1.89^ab
2,4-D	100	去壳	39.93±3.11^cde	30.33±3.20^bc	33.47±2.15^ab	15.33±1.39^ab	28.69±2.57^bcd	8.80±1.38^cd
		带壳	42.36±2.78^cde	25.57±2.37^bc	31.79±3.09^ab	17.06±1.98^a	31.46±2.19^bc	9.00±3.72^cd
	200	去壳	22.57±1.19^ef	20.91±1.90^cd	13.47±1.23^c	11.65±1.36^bc	29.78±3.01^bcd	5.45±0.78^de
		带壳	24.33±2.79^ef	22.33±2.18^bc	18.13±2.01^cd	10.28±1.09^bc	31.12±3.78^bcd	5.25±0.37^e
	500	去壳	18.41±1.4^5f	10.67±1.19^d	22.32±2.17^bcd	10.23±1.89^bc	30.23±2.61^bcd	15.45±1.46^bc
		带壳	22.96±2.12^ef	19.45±2.11^cd	23.41±2.10^bcd	11.45±1.76^bc	33.45±3.07^ab	16.45±2.45^bc

方差来源 Source of variance	发芽率 Germination rate	出苗率 Seedling emergence rate	苗高 Height of seedling	叶片数 Number of leaves	主根长 Taproot length	侧根数 Number of lateral roots
激素类型Hormone types	516.725^**	98.143^**	5.116^*	8.757^**	47.012^**	17.159^**
激素浓度Hormone concentration	10.976^**	93.408^**	3.762^*	3.041^*	17.601^**	70.875^**
种壳处理Seed shell treatment	1.213	37.689^**	0.685	1.486	28.929	9.851^*
激素类型×激素浓度 Hormone types×Hormone concentration	250.386	159.953^**	4.996	5.294	6.149^**	35.341^*
激素类型×种壳处理 Hormone types×Seed shell treatment	69.844^**	84.344^**	0.827	3.226	7.113^**	8.584^**
激素浓度×种壳处理 Hormone concentration×Seed shell treatment	103.81^**	28.071^**	0.987	3.362	1.413	12.902^**
激素类型×激素浓度×种壳处理 Hormone types×Hormone concentration× Seed shell treatment	137.656^**	71.605^**	3.007^*	5.381^*	3.717^*	18.932^**

方法 Methods	发芽率最高的处理方式 The treatment with the highest germination rate	发芽率 Germin ation rate (%)	开始发芽时间 Start germination time(d)	出苗率最高的处理方式 The treatment method with the highest germination rate	出苗率 Emergence rate(%)	开始出苗时间 Seedling emergence time(d)
激素法 Hormone method	500 mg/L赤霉素处理全去皮种子	98.00	3	500 mg/L赤霉素处理全去皮种子	94.59	3
温汤浸种法 Warm soup soaking method	50℃处理全去皮种子30 min	68.33	4	50℃下全去皮浸种15 min	59.10	5
低温层积法 Low-temperature layering method	低温层积带壳种子120 d	84.67	120	低温层积带壳种子120 d	79.10	3
激素+低温层积法 Hormone + low temperature stratification	200 mg/L的GA₃处理去壳的杏种子	66.67	30	200 mg/L的NAA 处理带壳	40.59	3

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