麦根腐平脐蠕孢引起新疆小麦根腐病的病原鉴定及其生物学特性分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.019

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 1209-1217.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.019

麦根腐平脐蠕孢引起新疆小麦根腐病的病原鉴定及其生物学特性分析

鄢蓉¹(), 周小云², 张军高², 王莉¹, 李进², 梁晶², 龚静云², 杜雨¹, 李克梅¹, 雷斌²()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐,830052
2.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/科技成果转化中心/农药试制中心/新疆作物化学调控工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2023-10-19 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-07-09
通信作者: 雷斌(1973-),男,四川巴中人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物根腐类病害防控及绿色农药研发,(E-mail)leib668@xaas.ac.cn
作者简介:鄢蓉(1996-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士,研究方向为小麦根腐病防治,(E-mail)1375617376@qq.com
基金资助:
中央引导地方项目“‘一带一路’国际绿色农药研制及应用技术创新基地建设”(ZYYD2023B06);省部共建课题“干旱半干旱地区旱地小麦提质增效关键技术研究”(SBGJXTZXKF-9);新疆维吾尔自治区乡村振兴产业发展科技行动项目“春小麦增密抗逆增产关键技术引进与示范”(2022NC078);新疆维吾尔自治区科技特派员农村科技创业行动项目“春小麦高产创建关键技术集成与示范”(2022BKZ022)

Identification and biological characterization of the root rot pathogen of wheat in Xinjiang caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana

YAN Rong¹(), ZHOU Xiaoyun², ZHANG Jungao², WANG Li¹, LI Jin², LIANG Jing², GONG Jingyun², DU Yu¹, LI Kemei¹, LEI Bin²()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology/Center for Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements/Center for Pesticide Trial Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Engineering Research Center of Crop Chemical Regulation, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2023-10-19 Published:2024-05-20 Online:2024-07-09
Correspondence author: LEI Bin (1973 -), male, from Bazhong Sichuan, researcher, Ph.D., research direction: pesticide research and crop chemical regulation technology, (E-mail)leib668@xaas.ac.cn
Supported by:
The central government guides local projects " Construction of‘Belt and Road’international green pesticide development and application technology innovation base"(ZYYD2023B06);Provincial and ministerial joint projects "Study on Key techniques of improving quality and efficiency of dryland wheat in arid and semi-arid areas"(SBGJXTZXKF-9);Agriculture,Rural Areas and Farmers Backbone Talent Training Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“Introduction and demonstration of key technologies for increasing density, stress resistance, and yield of spring wheat”(2022NC078);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Science and Technology Commissioner Rural Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Action Project“Integration and Demonstration of Key Technologies for High Yield Creation of Spring Wheat”(2022BKZ022)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆小麦根腐病病原菌种类和生物学特性,为制定该病有效防控措施提供科学依据。【方法】采用组织分离法对新疆病株病原菌进行分离培养,选择不同地区的代表性菌株检测致病力,结合形态学及分子生物学方法鉴定病原菌种类,采用生长速率法测定主要生物学特性。【结果】各地代表菌株(KS1-3、YL26、TC30及ML26)均具有致病性;经鉴定该病病原菌为小麦根腐平脐蠕孢Bipolaris sorokiniana。PDA培养基最为适合菌菌株的生长,温度5~35℃、pH值4~10条件下均可生长,最适温度30℃,最适pH值7,对光照不敏感,最佳碳源为可溶性淀粉、蔗糖,最佳氮源为牛肉膏、蛋白胨。【结论】新疆小麦根腐病病原为麦根腐平脐蠕孢B. sorokiniana,其主要生物学物性与多数菌物相类似,较喜温喜光。

关键词: 小麦根腐病; 麦根腐平脐蠕孢; 生物学特性

Abstract:

【Objective】To clarify the species and biological characteristics of root rot pathogens of wheat in Xinjiang, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective prevention and control measures.【Methods】This study used tissue isolation method to isolate and culture the pathogens in Xinjiang, selected representative strains from different regions for pathogenicity detection, combined with morphological and molecular means to identify pathogens species, and used the growth rate method to determine their main biological characteristics.【Results】The representative strains (KS1-3, YL26, TC30 and ML26) were pathogenic; the pathogens were identified as Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker. The PDA medium was the most suitable for mycelial growth, and it can grew at 5-35℃ and pH 4-10. The optimum temperature was 30℃, the optimum pH was 7, it was not sensitive to light, the best carbon sources were soluble starch and sucrose, and the best nitrogen sources were beef extract and peptone.【Conclusion】The pathogens of wheat root rot in Xinjiang are Bipolaris sorokiniana, and its main biological characteristies are similar to most fungi, preferring temperature and light.

Key words: wheat root rot; Bipolaris sorokiniana; biological characteristics

中图分类号:

S513

鄢蓉, 周小云, 张军高, 王莉, 李进, 梁晶, 龚静云, 杜雨, 李克梅, 雷斌.

麦根腐平脐蠕孢引起新疆小麦根腐病的病原鉴定及其生物学特性分析 [J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1209-1217.

YAN Rong, ZHOU Xiaoyun, ZHANG Jungao, WANG Li, LI Jin, LIANG Jing, GONG Jingyun, DU Yu, LI Kemei, LEI Bin. Identification and biological characterization of the root rot pathogen of wheat in Xinjiang caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1209-1217.

图/表 8

表1 样品采样地

Tab.1 Sample sampling sites

序号 Number	地点 Place	纬度(N) Latitude	经度(E) Longitude	海拔(m) Altitude	日期(年/月/日) Date(Y/M/D)
1	伊犁州察布查尔县	43°58'14″	80°96'20″	1 105.22	2021/3/6
2	伊犁州察布查尔县	43°68'81″	81°29'09″	833.23	2021/3/6
3	伊犁州察布查尔县	43°74'56″	91°30'87″	691.56	2021/3/6
4	伊犁州巩留县	43°47'83″	82°40'51″	776.36	2021/3/6
5	伊犁州巩留县	43°46'88″	82°34'26″	790.46	2021/3/6
6	伊犁州巩留县	43°41'96″	84°20'17″	793.37	2021/3/7
7	昌吉州奇台县	43°96'16″	89°42'54″	740.49	2021/3/29
8	昌吉州奇台县	43°93'57″	89°48'87″	783.75	2021/3/ 29
9	昌吉州奇台县	43°65'94″	89°75'88″	1 347.25	2021/3/31
10	昌吉州木垒县	43°91'71″	90°33'11″	1 104.21	2021/3/31
11	昌吉州吉木萨尔县	43°96'00″	89°16'95″	747.82	2021/3/31
12	昌吉州吉木萨尔县	43°94'25″	89°22'46″	773.03	2021/3/31
13	昌吉州阜康市	44°15'07″	88°23'12″	530.36	2021/3/31
14	五家渠市(军户农场)	43°95'39″	87°06'46″	749.57	2022/3/1
15	喀什市泽普县	39°28'13″	75°59'23″	1289.45	2022/4/4
16	塔城市(博孜达克农场)	46°41'72″	83°14'14″	593.46	2022/4/14

图1 小麦根腐病田间发病症状注:A为田间病株;B、C为采集病株

Fig.1 Symptoms of field disease samples Note: A is field disease strain; B and C are collected strains

图2 病原菌形态学鉴定注:A为PDA 平板正面菌落;B为PDA平板背面菌落;C为分生孢子;标尺=20 μm

Fig.2 Morphological identification of the pathogen Note:A was the positive colony of PDA plate; B was the colony on the back of PDA plate; C was conidia; Scale =20 μm

表2 小麦根腐病病原菌对小麦的致病力及生物量的比较

Tab.2 Comparisons of pathogenicity and biomass of wheat root rot pathogens on wheat

病原菌 Pathogen	出苗率 Emergence rate(%)	发病率 Incidence (%)	病情指数 Severity index	总株高 Flant height (cm)	总鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	总干重 Dry weight (g)
CK	100.00±0.00^a	-	-	163.57±11.51^a	2.39±0.14^a	0.32±0.02^a
KS1-3	93.33±5.77^a	100.00±0.00^a	87.32±6.12^ab	79.33±10.95^bc	1.25±0.15^d	0.22±0.01^c
YL26	93.33±5.77^a	100.00±0.00^a	95.56±4.19^a	76.90±4.72^c	1.00±0.09^e	0.19±0.01^c
TC30	100.00±0.00^a	93.33±11.55^a	77.50±6.61^bc	89.70±16.11^bc	1.55±0.15^c	0.27±0.02^b
ML26	100.00±0.00^a	93.33±5.77^a	70.83±5.77^c	99.27±10.71^b	1.82±0.13^b	0.28±0.03^ab

图3 小麦根腐病病原菌对小麦的致病力的比较注:WA致病力测定(A~E);盆栽测定(F~J);依次为CK,KS1-3,YL26,TC30,ML26

Fig.3 Comparisons of pathogenicity of wheat root rot pathogens on wheat Note: WA pathogenicity assay (A-E); Pot assay (F-J); In order CK, KS1-3, YL26, TC30, ML26

图4 rDNA-ITS基因扩增片段

Fig.4 rDNA-ITS gene amplified fragment

图5 rDNA-ITS序列系统发育树

Fig.5 rDNA-ITS phylogenetic tree

图6 不同培养条件下麦根腐平脐蠕孢生长比较注: C(L:全光照,L/D:12h光暗交替,D:全黑暗);D(1~8:乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇、蔗糖、可溶性淀粉、无碳对照、麦芽糖、D-果糖);E(1~8:尿素、酵母浸粉、L-苯丙氨酸、牛肉膏、蛋白胨、无氮对照、硝酸钾、硫酸铵)

Fig.6 Comparison of the effects of different culture conditions on the growth of B. sorokiniana Note: C (L: full light, L/D: 12h alternating light and dark, D: full darkness); D (1-8: lactose, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, soluble starch, no carbon control, maltose, D-fructose); E (1-8: urea, yeast powder, L-phenylalanine, beef extract, peptone, nitrogen-free control, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate)

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麦根腐平脐蠕孢引起新疆小麦根腐病的病原鉴定及其生物学特性分析

Identification and biological characterization of the root rot pathogen of wheat in Xinjiang caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana

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