1SZL-300型振动深松整地联合作业机的研制

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.027

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (10): 2566-2573.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.027

• 农业装备工程与机械化·畜牧兽医 • 上一篇下一篇

1SZL-300型振动深松整地联合作业机的研制

谭新赞¹(), 沈从举¹(), 代亚猛¹, 李帆¹, 贾首星¹, 蒙贺伟²

1.新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子 832000
2.石河子大学机械电气工程学院,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2023-02-03 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-11-01
通信作者: 沈从举(1982-),河北衡水人,副研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为农业机械,(E-mail)shencongju@163.com
作者简介:谭新赞(1987-),四川绵阳人,助理研究员,研究方向为农业机械,(E-mail)343847644@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32060417);新疆生产建设兵团科技创新人才计划(2020CB013);新疆生产建设兵团科技创新人才计划(2020CB008);院(所)级项目(ZL2015-02)

Development of 1SZL-300 type vibratory subsoiling and soil preparation combined machine

TAN Xinzan¹(), SHEN Congju¹(), DAI Yameng¹, LI FAN¹, JIA Shouxing¹, MENG Hewei²

1. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China

Received:2023-02-03 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-11-01
Correspondence author: SHEN Congju (1982-), born in Hengshui, Hebei Province, associate professor, master supervisor, research direction: Agricultural machinery design and experimental research, (E-mail) shencongju@163.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060417);Scientific and the Technological Innovation Talent Program Project of the XPCC(2020CB013);Scientific and the Technological Innovation Talent Program Project of the XPCC(2020CB008);College (Institute) Level Project of Shihezi University(ZL2015-02)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 基于自激振动深松减阻原理,研制1SZL-300型振动深松整地联合作业机。【方法】 利用Solidworks和CAXA绘图软件设计整机及关键部件结构,研究振动深松部件单体和激振弹簧选型,分析深松铲入土受力及自激振动减阻原理。【结果】 弹簧自激振动能够有效减小牵引阻力,自激振动条件下样机深松深度(耕深)382 mm,深松耕深稳定性系数96.8%,土壤膨松度为28.6%,土壤扰动系数为67.5%,地表10 cm内碎土率达62.8%,样机在平均作业速度7.1 km/h下的纯工作小时生产率为2.2 hm²/h。【结论】 1SZL-300型振动深松整地联合作业机作业效果良好,各项检测指标均达到了设计要求。

关键词: 农业机械; 深松机; 自激振动; 减阻; 田间试验

Abstract:

【Objective】 This project aims to develop 1SZL-300 vibration deep subsoil preparation joint machine in order to meet the requirements of deep subsoil operation in Xinjiang dry farming land, break the bottom layer of plough, realize one-time joint operation of deep subsoil and land preparation, and reduce drag and consumption at the same time.【Methods】 Solidworks and CAXA drawing software were used to design the structure of the whole machine and its key components, and the single research of vibration deep loose parts and the selection of vibration spring were carried out.The force of deep loose shovel into the soil and the principle of self-excited vibration drag reduction were analyzed.【Results】 Field test of the prototype with or without spring vibration was carried out which verified that self-excited spring vibration could effectively reduce traction resistance.At the same time, the main operating performance indexes of the prototype under the condition of self-excited vibration were tested.The subsoiling depth was 382 mm, the stability coefficient of subsoiling depth was 96.8%, the soil swelling was 28.6%, the soil disturbance coefficient was 67.5%, and the soil fragmentation rate (within 10 cm of the surface) was 62.8%.The pure working hour productivity of the prototype was 2.2 hm²/h at an average working speed of 7.1 km/h.【Conclusion】 The field experiments and tests indicated that the 1SZL-300 type vibratory subsoiling and soil preparation combined machine has a good working effect and all inspection indexes meet the design requirements.

Key words: agricultural machinery; subsoiling machine; self-excited vibration; drag reduction; field test

中图分类号:

S233

谭新赞, 沈从举, 代亚猛, 李帆, 贾首星, 蒙贺伟. 1SZL-300型振动深松整地联合作业机的研制[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(10): 2566-2573.

TAN Xinzan, SHEN Congju, DAI Yameng, LI FAN, JIA Shouxing, MENG Hewei. Development of 1SZL-300 type vibratory subsoiling and soil preparation combined machine[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(10): 2566-2573.

图/表 11

图1 1SZL-300型振动深松整地联合作业机结构注:1.行走轮;2.行走轮架;3.液压机构;4.深松部件;5.牵引架;6.机架;7.支架;8.碎土辊;9.碎土齿

Fig.1 Structural diagram of 1SZL-300 type vibratory subsoiling and soil preparation combined machine Note:1.Road wheel,2.Walking wheel frame,3.Hydraulic mechanism, 4.Deep loose parts, 5.Traction frame, 6.The machine frame, 7.Support, 8.Earth crushing roller,9.Broken tooth

表1 整机主要结构及性能参数

Tab.1 Main structure and performance parameters of the machine

项目 Item	设计值 Design value
结构型式 Structure type	悬挂式
振动方式 Vibrating mode	自激振动
配套动力 Matching power/kW	≥88.6
整体尺寸(长×宽×高) Overall size (length× width×height)(mm)	2 200 ×3 300 ×1 600
工作幅宽 Working width(mm)	3 000
深松铲结构形式 Structural form of deep subsoiling shovel	凿铲式
深松铲排列方式 Arrangement of subsoilers	两行交错
深松铲数量/组 Number of subsoilers/group	可选(11、9、7)
深松铲间距 Distance between deep loosening shovels(mm)	可调(240 ~ 460)
作业速度 Operating speed (km/h)	3 ~ 8
深松深度 Subsoiling depth (mm)	250 ~ 450
整地结构型式 Ground structure type	钉齿式碎土辊
碎土辊横向碎土宽度 Horizontal width of broken soil roller(mm)	3000
作业效率 Operating efficiency (hm²/h)	1.5 ~ 2.5

图2 样机田间试验

Fig.2 Prototype field test

图3 深松部件单体结构注:1.铲托;2.安全螺栓;3.铲柄;4.固定板;5.调整螺栓;6.弹簧;7.弹簧架;8.连接座;9.机架;10.销轴;11.连接板;12.铲头

Fig.3 Single structure of subsoiling parts Note: 1.Shovel support; 2.Safety bolt; 3.The shovel handle; 4.Fixed plate; 5.Adjust bolts; 6.The spring; 7.Spring frame; 8.Connecting seat; 9.The machine frame; 10.The pin shaft; 11.Connecting plate; 12.The shovel head

表2 深松部件单体主要结构设计参数

Tab.2 The parameter of subsoiler structure

参数Parameter	数值 Numerical value
结构总高 Total height of structure(mm)	1 100
铲柄高度 Height of shovel handle(mm)	500
铲柄位置调节间距尺寸 Spacing size of shovel handle position adjustment(mm)	100
凿形铲入土角 Chisel shovel into soil angle(°)	30
深松深度 Subsoiling depth(mm)	250 ~ 450
铲头刃角 Blade angle of shovel head(°)	18
铲头曲率半径 Curvature radius of shovel head(mm)	320
铲头长度 Shovel head length(mm)	145

图4 深松部件单体的受力模型简化

Fig.4 Simplification of stress model for single structure of subsoiling parts

表3 选取的激振弹簧主要参数

Tab.3 Main parameters of self-excited vibration spring

编号 Number	弹簧直径 Spring diameter d (mm)	弹簧中径 Mean diameter of coil D(mm)	自由高度 Unsupported heighth (mm)	弹簧刚度 Spring stiffness K(N/mm)
I	18	85	240	260
Ⅱ	20	80	240	475

图5 深松铲受力示意注:F为牵引力,FN为铲上土壤对深松铲的压力,Fn为铲下土壤对深松铲的支撑力,ft为深松铲的土壤阻力,f为土壤对深松铲的摩擦阻力,G为深松铲及铲上土壤的重力,θ为深松铲的入土角

Fig.5 Stress diagram of subsoiling shovel Note:F is the traction force,FN is the pressure of the soil on the shovel on the deep loosening shovel,Fn is the support force of the soil under the shovel on the deep Loosening shovel,ft is the soil resistance of the deep loosening shovel,f is the frictional resi stance of the soil to the deep loosening shovel,G is the gravity of the deep loosening shovel and the soil on the shovel,θ is the entry angle of the deep loosening shovel

图6 自激振动深松过程

Fig.6 Procedure of vibrating deeply-loosening tillage

图7 牵引阻力对比图

Fig.7 Contrast diagram of traction resistance

表4 样机主要作业性能指标检测

Tab.4 Test results of the main operating performance indexes of the prototype

检验项目 Inspection item	评定指标 Deliberated index	检验结果 Results
深松深度(耕深) Depth of subsoiling(mm)	≥250	382
深松耕深稳定性系数 Stability coefficient of depth of subsoiling(%)	≥80	96.8
土壤膨松度 Soil bulk density(%)	10 ~ 40	28.6
土壤扰动系数 Soil disturbance coefficient(%)	≥50	67.5
(地表10cm内)碎土率 Soil fragmentation rate (within 10cm of the surface)(%)	≥60	62.8
纯工作小时生产率 Pure work-hour productivity / hm²/h	-	2.2

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1SZL-300型振动深松整地联合作业机的研制

Development of 1SZL-300 type vibratory subsoiling and soil preparation combined machine

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