西蓝花田桃蚜的室内药剂筛选及田间药效评价

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】筛选防治西蓝花田桃蚜的有效药剂。【方法】采用浸虫浸叶法及田间喷雾法进行室内毒力及田间药效试验。【结果】17%氟吡呋喃酮SL对桃蚜最为敏感,而5%高效氯氟氰菊酯ME的敏感性最差,48 h的LC₅₀分别为7.67和1 011.03 mg/L。供试药剂毒力大小低依次为氟吡呋喃酮>氟啶虫胺腈>阿维菌素>双丙环虫酯>噻虫嗪>虫螨腈>藜芦碱>吡虫啉>甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐>噻虫胺>啶虫脒>溴氰虫酰胺>苦参碱>螺虫乙酯>氟啶虫酰胺>唑虫酰胺>乙基多杀菌素>高效氯氟氰菊酯。5种药剂不同浓度处理对西蓝花桃蚜均具有较好的防治效果。施药后7 d,各处理对西蓝花桃蚜的防效达70.10%~90.11%;药后14 d,各处理对西蓝花桃蚜防效为56.93%~82.55%。【结论】生产中可轮换使用氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮,以保证害虫对药剂的敏感性,减缓害虫的抗药性。

关键词: 西蓝花; 桃蚜; 室内毒力; 田间药效评价

Abstract:

【Objective】 To screen the effective insecticides against Myzus persicae on Broccoli field.【Methods】 The toxicity bioassay and field efficacy tests were carried out by dipping method and spraying. 【Results】 The laboratory toxicity test results showed that the LC₅₀ of flupyradifurone had the highest toxicity, which was 7.67 mg/L at 48 h. The LC₅₀ of ambda-cyhalothrin showed the lowest toxicity, which was 1,011.03 mg/L at 48 h. The order of the toxicity of the eighteen insecticides from high to low was as follows: flupyradifurone﹥ sulfoxaflor ﹥ abamectin ﹥ciprofloxacin﹥ thiamethoxam ﹥chlorfenapyr﹥ veratrine﹥ imidacloprid ﹥emamectinbencoate ﹥ clothianidin ﹥acetamiprid ﹥cyantraniliprole﹥ matrine ﹥spirotetramat ﹥flonicamid﹥ tolfenpyrad ﹥spinetoram﹥ ambda-cyhalothrin. Five highly toxicity insecticides were selected for field trials on this basis. The results showed that treatment of five kinds of insecticides at different concentrations had a higher control effect on Myzus persicae. The field control efficacies of five kinds of insecticides were 70.10% 90.11% after seven days of application; The field control efficacies of five kinds insecticides were 56.93% 82.55% after fourteen days of application. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, it was suggested sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone should be used in the production to ensure the sensitivity of pests to insecticides so as to delay the resistance of pests.

Key words: broccoli; Myzus persicae; toxicity tests; field efficacy evaluation

中图分类号:

赵斌荣, 田晓曦, 柴军发, 景亮亮, 张红艳, 洪波, 贾彦霞. 西蓝花田桃蚜的室内药剂筛选及田间药效评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(3): 547-554.

ZHAO Binrong, TIAN Xiaoxi, CHAI Junfa, JING Liangliang, ZHANG Hongyan, HONG Bo, JIA Yanxia. Laboratory Insecticides Screening and Field Efficacy Evaluation against Myzus persicae on Broccoli Field[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(3): 547-554.

图/表 3

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供试药剂 Insecticide	剂型 Dosage form	有效成分 Effective ingredient	浓度(有效成分用量) Concentration(Dosage of active ingredient)(mg/L)
噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam	WG	25%	200、100 、50 、25、12.5、6.25 、3.125
噻虫胺Clothianidin	SC	20%	100、50、25、12.5、6.25 、3.125 、1.562 5
啶虫脒Acetamiprid	ME	10%	240、120 、60、30、 15 、7.5 、3.75
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	WG	70%	168 、84 、42 、21、10.5、5.25、2.625
氟啶虫胺腈Sulfoxaflor	WG	50%	200、100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125
氟吡呋喃酮Flupyradifurone	SL	17%	204、102、51、25.5、12.75、6.375、3.1875
螺虫乙酯Spirotetramat	SC	22.4%	224、112、56、28、14、7、3.5
高效氯氟氰菊酯Ambda-cyhalothrin	ME	5%	320、160、80、40、20、10、5
溴氰虫酰胺Cyantraniliprole	OD	10%	160、80、40、20、10、5、2.5
虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr	SC	10%	200、100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125
唑虫酰胺Tolfenpyrad	SC	15%	300、150、75、37.5、18.75、9.375、4.685
双丙环虫酯Ciprofloxacin	DC	50 g/L	100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 Emamectinbencoate	ME	5%	48、24、12、6、3、1.5、0.75
阿维菌素Abamectin	EC	1.8%	120、60、30、15、7.5、3.75、1.875
氟啶虫酰胺Flonicamid	WG	10%	320、160、80、40、20、10、5
苦参碱Matrine	AS	0.5%	144、72、36、18、9、4.5、2.25
藜芦碱Veratrine	SL	0.5%	104、52、26、13、6.5、3.25、1.625
乙基多杀菌素Spinetoram	SC	60 g/L	360、180、90、45、22.5、11.25、5.625

供试药剂 Insecticide	剂型 Dosage form	有效成分 Effective ingredient	浓度(有效成分用量) Concentration(Dosage of active ingredient)(mg/L)
噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam	WG	25%	200、100 、50 、25、12.5、6.25 、3.125
噻虫胺Clothianidin	SC	20%	100、50、25、12.5、6.25 、3.125 、1.562 5
啶虫脒Acetamiprid	ME	10%	240、120 、60、30、 15 、7.5 、3.75
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	WG	70%	168 、84 、42 、21、10.5、5.25、2.625
氟啶虫胺腈Sulfoxaflor	WG	50%	200、100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125
氟吡呋喃酮Flupyradifurone	SL	17%	204、102、51、25.5、12.75、6.375、3.1875
螺虫乙酯Spirotetramat	SC	22.4%	224、112、56、28、14、7、3.5
高效氯氟氰菊酯Ambda-cyhalothrin	ME	5%	320、160、80、40、20、10、5
溴氰虫酰胺Cyantraniliprole	OD	10%	160、80、40、20、10、5、2.5
虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr	SC	10%	200、100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125
唑虫酰胺Tolfenpyrad	SC	15%	300、150、75、37.5、18.75、9.375、4.685
双丙环虫酯Ciprofloxacin	DC	50 g/L	100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 Emamectinbencoate	ME	5%	48、24、12、6、3、1.5、0.75
阿维菌素Abamectin	EC	1.8%	120、60、30、15、7.5、3.75、1.875
氟啶虫酰胺Flonicamid	WG	10%	320、160、80、40、20、10、5
苦参碱Matrine	AS	0.5%	144、72、36、18、9、4.5、2.25
藜芦碱Veratrine	SL	0.5%	104、52、26、13、6.5、3.25、1.625
乙基多杀菌素Spinetoram	SC	60 g/L	360、180、90、45、22.5、11.25、5.625

供试药剂 Insecticide	LC₅₀(95%置信限) LC₅₀(95% confidence interval)(mg/L)	斜率± 标准误差 Slope±SE	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	􀱽² (df=5)	P	相对毒力 Relative toxicity
5%高效氯氟氰菊酯ME Ambda-cyhalothrin 5% ME	1 011.03(238.20~448 532.58)	0.36±0.12	0.965 4	0.76	0.98	1
17%氟吡呋喃酮SL Flupyradifurone 17% SL	7.67(4.51~11.20)	0.91±0.11	0.984 3	2.01	0.85	131.82
50%氟啶虫胺腈WG Sulfoxaflor 50% WG	8.01(4.55~11.92)	0.79±0.10	0.985 7	1.65	0.90	126.22
1.8%阿维菌素EC Abamectin 1.8% EC	8.16(5.99~10.56)	1.27±0.13	0.973 3	7.21	0.21	123.90
50g/L环丙环虫酯DC Ciprofloxacin 50 g/L DC	11.99(6.32~22.35)	0.50±0.11	0.938 4	3.21	0.67	84.32
25%噻虫嗪WG Thiamethoxam 25% WG	12.66(8.33~17.30)	1.03±0.11	0.982 7	3.90	0.56	79.86
10%虫螨腈SC Chlorfenapyr 10% SC	13.48(9.70~17.73)	1.07±0.11	0.987 7	2.59	0.76	75.00
0.5%藜芦碱SL Veratrine 0.5% SL	13.88(10.55~18.36)	1.08±0.12	0.991 1	1.83	0.87	72.84
70%吡虫啉WG Imidacloprid 70% WG	15.58(9.77~23.39)	0.71±0.11	0.970 3	2.61	0.76	64.89
5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME Emamectinbencoate 5% ME	15.73(10.78~26.92)	0.91±0.13	0.959 4	5.53	0.35	64.27
20%噻虫胺SC Clothianidin 20% SC	18.50(12.39~29.89)	0.71±0.11	0.957 7	4.67	0.46	54.65
10%啶虫脒ME Acetamiprid 10% ME	24.69(19.16~31.29)	1.36±0.14	0.971 2	6.47	0.26	40.95
10%溴氰虫酰胺OD Cyantraniliprole 10% OD	28.46(17.89~49.81)	0.61±0.11	0.955 7	3.34	0.65	35.52
0.5%苦参碱AS Matrine 0.5% AS	36.88(24.72~63.24)	0.75±0.11	0.950 5	5.07	0.41	27.41
22.4%螺虫乙酯SC Spirotetramat 22.4% SC	44.66(29.11~76.18)	0.63±0.10	0.979 0	1.68	0.89	22.64
10%氟啶虫酰胺WG Flonicamid 10% WG	45.46(32.25~65.26)	0.85±0.11	0.974 3	3.62	0.61	22.24
15%唑虫酰胺SC Tolfenpyrad 15% SC	127.15(84.72~230.84)	0.82±0.11	0.994 9	0.53	0.99	7.95
60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC Spinetoram 60 g/L SC	982.31(322.40~18113.98)	0.58±0.14	0.972 9	0.66	0.99	1.03

供试药剂 Insecticide	LC₅₀(95%置信限) LC₅₀(95% confidence interval)(mg/L)	斜率± 标准误差 Slope±SE	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	􀱽² (df=5)	P	相对毒力 Relative toxicity
5%高效氯氟氰菊酯ME Ambda-cyhalothrin 5% ME	1 011.03(238.20~448 532.58)	0.36±0.12	0.965 4	0.76	0.98	1
17%氟吡呋喃酮SL Flupyradifurone 17% SL	7.67(4.51~11.20)	0.91±0.11	0.984 3	2.01	0.85	131.82
50%氟啶虫胺腈WG Sulfoxaflor 50% WG	8.01(4.55~11.92)	0.79±0.10	0.985 7	1.65	0.90	126.22
1.8%阿维菌素EC Abamectin 1.8% EC	8.16(5.99~10.56)	1.27±0.13	0.973 3	7.21	0.21	123.90
50g/L环丙环虫酯DC Ciprofloxacin 50 g/L DC	11.99(6.32~22.35)	0.50±0.11	0.938 4	3.21	0.67	84.32
25%噻虫嗪WG Thiamethoxam 25% WG	12.66(8.33~17.30)	1.03±0.11	0.982 7	3.90	0.56	79.86
10%虫螨腈SC Chlorfenapyr 10% SC	13.48(9.70~17.73)	1.07±0.11	0.987 7	2.59	0.76	75.00
0.5%藜芦碱SL Veratrine 0.5% SL	13.88(10.55~18.36)	1.08±0.12	0.991 1	1.83	0.87	72.84
70%吡虫啉WG Imidacloprid 70% WG	15.58(9.77~23.39)	0.71±0.11	0.970 3	2.61	0.76	64.89
5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME Emamectinbencoate 5% ME	15.73(10.78~26.92)	0.91±0.13	0.959 4	5.53	0.35	64.27
20%噻虫胺SC Clothianidin 20% SC	18.50(12.39~29.89)	0.71±0.11	0.957 7	4.67	0.46	54.65
10%啶虫脒ME Acetamiprid 10% ME	24.69(19.16~31.29)	1.36±0.14	0.971 2	6.47	0.26	40.95
10%溴氰虫酰胺OD Cyantraniliprole 10% OD	28.46(17.89~49.81)	0.61±0.11	0.955 7	3.34	0.65	35.52
0.5%苦参碱AS Matrine 0.5% AS	36.88(24.72~63.24)	0.75±0.11	0.950 5	5.07	0.41	27.41
22.4%螺虫乙酯SC Spirotetramat 22.4% SC	44.66(29.11~76.18)	0.63±0.10	0.979 0	1.68	0.89	22.64
10%氟啶虫酰胺WG Flonicamid 10% WG	45.46(32.25~65.26)	0.85±0.11	0.974 3	3.62	0.61	22.24
15%唑虫酰胺SC Tolfenpyrad 15% SC	127.15(84.72~230.84)	0.82±0.11	0.994 9	0.53	0.99	7.95
60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC Spinetoram 60 g/L SC	982.31(322.40~18113.98)	0.58±0.14	0.972 9	0.66	0.99	1.03

供试药剂 Insecticide	浓度设置 Concentration (mg/L)	药前虫口数 Population size before application	药后1 d 1th day after treatment		药后3 d 3th day after treatment		药后5 d 5th day after treatment		药后7 d 7th day after treatment		药后10 d 10th day after treatment		药后14 d 14th day after treatment
供试药剂 Insecticide	浓度设置 Concentration (mg/L)	药前虫口数 Population size before application	虫口减退率 Reducing rate of insects(%)	防效 Control efficacy (%)	虫口减退率 Reducing rate of insects(%)	防效 Control efficacy (%)	虫口减退率 Reducing rate of insects(%)	防效 Control efficacy (%)	虫口减退率 Reducing rate of insects(%)	防效 Control efficacy (%)	虫口减退率 Reducing rate of insects(%)	防效 Control efficacy (%)	虫口减退率 Reducing rate of insects(%)	防效 Control efficacy (%)
氟啶虫胺腈 Sulfoxaflor	50	590	51.69	71.25^a	59.15	79.12^a	65.76	85.42^a	87.46	89.43^a	58.98	83.80^a	14.24	80.69^a
	40	642	45.79	67.74^a	51.09	75.00^a	58.41	82.29^ab	83.33	85.95^b	51.40	80.81^ab	-10.75	75.06^a
	30	708	38.28	63.27^a	49.44	74.15^a	50.99	79.14^b	80.23	83.33^b	36.58	74.96^b	-23.31	72.24^a
虫螨腈 Chlorfenapyr	134	720	33.33	60.33^a	50.97	74.93^a	43.06	75.76^a	71.81	76.23^a	35.83	74.66^a	-48.06	66.66^a
	100	742	22.37	53.80^a	38.41	68.51^a	38.41	73.78^a	70.75	75.35^a	19.54	68.23^a	-73.05	61.04^a
	66	810	18.89	51.73^a	35.31	66.93^a	34.57	72.14^a	68.89	73.77^a	7.41	63.43^a	-75.31	60.53^a
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 Emamectinbencoate	6	708	31.36	59.15^a	48.45	73.64^a	39.12	74.08^a	70.90	75.47^a	24.72	70.27^a	-53.25	65.50^a
	4.5	756	17.46	50.88^a	30.29	64.36^ab	30.03	70.21^a	68.25	73.24^a	20.50	68.61^a	-73.15	61.01^a
	3	688	11.05	47.06^a	22.09	60.17^b	27.03	68.94^a	64.53	70.10^a	4.80	62.40^a	-91.28	56.93^a
氟吡呋喃酮 Flupyradifurone	136	622	54.34	72.83^a	65.59	82.41^a	69.29	86.93^a	88.26	90.11^a	66.24	86.67^a	22.51	82.55^a
	119	614	48.37	69.28^a	64.50	81.85^a	61.89	83.78^a	84.69	87.09^a	57.33	83.15^a	13.68	80.56^a
	102	634	40.06	64.33^a	55.36	77.18^a	55.99	81.27^a	81.07	84.04^a	54.89	82.19^a	-11.99	74.79^a
噻虫嗪 Thiamethoxam	40	662	36.71	62.33^a	51.51	75.21^a	47.28	77.56^a	75.53	79.37^a	40.63	76.56^a	-27.34	71.33^a
	30	626	30.35	58.55^a	39.14	68.88^ab	44.25	76.27^a	72.84	77.11^a	31.31	72.87^ab	-46.49	67.02^a
	20	622	26.21	56.08^a	35.53	67.04^b	35.37	72.49^a	69.29	74.11^a	15.76	66.73^b	-74.44	60.72^a
清水对照 CK		682	-68.04	-	-95.60	-	-134.90	-	-18.62	-	-153.23	-	-344.13	-