增氧水输入对壤土土壤氮的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.001

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (11): 2601-2613.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.001

• 作物遗传育种・耕作栽培・种质资源 • 上一篇下一篇

增氧水输入对壤土土壤氮的影响

王红燕¹^,²^,³(), 付彦博²^,⁴, 王治国², 扁青永⁴, 冯耀祖³(), 饶晓娟⁵

1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆农业科学院科技成果转化中心,乌鲁木齐 830091
4.新疆农业科学院拜城农业试验站/国家土壤质量阿克苏观测实验站,新疆阿克苏 843000
5.新疆农业职业技术学院,新疆昌吉 831100

收稿日期:2021-01-11 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-12-28
通信作者: 冯耀祖
作者简介:王红燕(1997-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水肥气一体化技术研究和土壤-植物互作,(E-mail)3421009605@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41867018);新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2020016);2018年度新疆农业职业技术学院课题（XJNZYKJ201809）

Effect of Oxygenated Water Input on Soil Nitrogen in Loam

WANG Hongyan¹^,²^,³(), FU Yanbo²^,⁴, WANG Zhiguo², BIAN Qingyong⁴, FENG Yaozu³(), RAO Xiaojuan⁵

1. College of Resources and Enviroment,Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang Shayibake Urumqi 830052,China
2. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China
3. Center for Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091,China
4. Baicheng Agricultural Experimental Station of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences ／ National Soil Quality Aksu Observation Experimental Station, Xinjiang Aksu 843000,China
5. Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical College, Changji, Xinjiang 831100,China

Received:2021-01-11 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-12-28
Correspondence author: FENG Yaozu
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41867018);Youth Science and Technology Backbone Innovation Ability Training Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnkq-2020016);Funding Project of Xinjiang Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture in 2018（Project Approval XJNZYKJ201809）

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同溶解氧含量的增氧水对壤土土壤矿化作用和硝化作用的影响,分析增氧水输入提高土壤的供氮能力的作用机制。【方法】以壤土为供试土壤,采用室内土壤培养方法,选取常规水(RCK)、自然空气供氧曝气增氧(RD₁)、33％增氧供氧曝气增氧(RD₂)和90％增氧供氧曝气增氧(RD₃)4个不同浓度增氧水输入,测定不同培养时间下不同浓度增氧水输入下壤土土壤的 $NH ４＋$ -N和 $NO ３ -$ -N含量,计算土壤净氮矿化量、净氮矿化速率、硝化率和硝化速率以及拟合各处理条件下土壤 $NH ４＋$ -N含量与培养时间t的回归公式以及模型特征值,分析不同处理的输入效果。【结果】与达到最大消耗速率所用时间的变化趋势相反,4个不同处理中初始消耗速率V₀和最大消耗速率V_max的趋势变化均为RCK<RD₁<RD₂<RD₃,初始消耗速率V₀的最大值(8.950 1 mg／(kg・d)),最大消耗速率V_max的最大值(13.019 8 mg／(kg・d))和达到最大消耗速率所用时间T_V_max的最小值(1.502 1 d)均是RD₃处理;相同增氧浓度条件下,壤土土壤净氮矿化量和硝化率随时间的增加呈现上升趋势,而壤土土壤净氮矿化速率和净硝化速率随时间的增加呈现下降趋势;在同一培养时间时期下,壤土土壤净氮矿化量、净氮矿化速率、硝化率以及净硝化速率的变化趋势均呈RCK<RD₁<RD₂<RD₃处理的关系。【结论】增加输入水氧浓度会加速壤土氮素转化,增强土壤的矿化作用和硝化作用,改善土壤微生物的活动及矿物质的转化,提高土壤的供氮能力。

关键词: 增氧输入; 硝化; 矿化; 壤土

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of oxygenated water with different dissolved oxygen contents on mineralization and nitrification of irrigated loam soil were studied to provide reference for exploring the response of oxygenated water input to soil fertility.【Methods】 With loam as the test soil, the contents of $NH ４＋$ -N and $NO ３ -$ -N in loam soil under different concentrations of oxygenated water input at different cultivation time were determined by using indoor soil culture test method, including conventional water (RCK), natural air oxygenated aeration (RD₁), 33％ oxygenated aeration (RD₂) and 90％ oxygenated aeration (RD₃). The soil net nitrogen mineralization, net nitrogen mineralization rate, nitrification rate and nitrification rate were calculated, and the regression formula and model eigenvalue of soil $NH ４＋$ -N content and incubation time t under different treatment conditions were fitted, and then the input effects of different treatments were analyzed. 【Results】 Contrary to the change trend of the time used to reach the maximum consumption rate, the trend changes of the initial consumption rate V₀ and the maximum consumption rate V_max in the four different treatments were all RCK<RD₁<RD₂<RD₃. The maximum value of the initial consumption rate V₀ (8.950 1 mg／(kg・d)), the maximum value of the maximum consumption rate V_max (13.019 8 mg／(kg・d)) and the minimum value of the time used to reach the maximum consumption rate T_Vmax(1.502 1 d) were all RD₃ treatments. Under the same oxygen concentration, soil net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rate increased with time, while soil net nitrogen mineralization rate and nitrification rate decreased with time. At the same incubation period, the variation trends of soil net nitrogen mineralization, net nitrogen mineralization rate, nitrification rate and net nitrification rate were all in the relationship of RCK<RD₁<RD₂<RD₃.【Conclusion】 Increasing the oxygen concentration of input water can enhance soil mineralization and nitrification by accelerating soil nitrogen transformation, thereby improving soil microbial activity and mineral transformation, so as to improve soil nitrogen supply capacity.

Key words: oxygen input; nitrification; mineralization; loam

中图分类号:

王红燕, 付彦博, 王治国, 扁青永, 冯耀祖, 饶晓娟. 增氧水输入对壤土土壤氮的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2601-2613.

WANG Hongyan, FU Yanbo, WANG Zhiguo, BIAN Qingyong, FENG Yaozu, RAO Xiaojuan. Effect of Oxygenated Water Input on Soil Nitrogen in Loam[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(11): 2601-2613.

图/表 16

表1 处理及编号

Table 1 Test treatment and corresponding number

项目 Item	处理编号serial number
项目 Item	RCK	RD₁	RD₂	RD₃
增氧方式 Dissolved -oxygen- improving method	常规水	自然空气供氧养曝气增氧	33％增氧供氧曝气增氧	90％增氧供氧曝气增氧
增氧浓度 Oxygenation concentration (mg／L)	9.11	9.72	32.92	44.35

图1 矿化培养过程中各处理 NO ３ --N含量的动态变化注: A~B图不同小写字母表示相同培养时间不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05);C~F不同小写字母表示不同培养时间相同处理间差异显著(P<0.05),下同

Fig.1 Dynamic changes of NO ３ --N content during mineralization culture Note:Different lowercase letters in A-B diagram showed that there were significant differences between different treatments at the same culture time (P<0.05). Different lowercase letters in C-F diagram showed that there were significant differences between the same treatments at different culture time (P<0.05), the same as below

图2 矿化培养过程中各处理 NH ４＋-N含量的动态变化

Fig.2 Dynamic changes of NH ４＋-N content during mineralization culture

表2 矿化培养 NO ３ --N和 NH ４＋-N含量试验结果方差

Table 2 Analysis of variance of test results of NO ３ --N and NH ４＋-N content in mineralized culture

	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度df Degree of freedom df	均方 mean square	比值F Ratio F	显著性 Significance
$NO ３ -$ -N	RCK	组间	2591.017	4	647.754	72 455.746	P<0.01
		组内	0.089	10	0.009
		总数	2 591.107	14
	RD₁	组间	2 469.408	4	617.352	20 069.964	P<0.01
		组内	0.308	10	0.031
		总数	2 469.716	14
	RD₂	组间	2 231.932	4	557.983	6 551.661	P<0.01
		组内	0.852	10	0.085
		总数	2 232.784	14
	RD₃	组间	2 231.019	4	557.755	77 753.929	P<0.01
		组内	0.072	10	0.007
		总数	2 231.091	14
$NH ４＋$ -N	RCK	组间	2 591.017	4	647.754	72 455.746	P<0.01
		组内	0.089	10	0.009
		总数	2 591.107	14
	RD₁	组间	2 469.408	4	617.352	20 069.964	P<0.01
		组内	0.308	10	0.031
		总数	2 469.716	14
	RD₂	组间	2 231.932	4	557.983	6 551.661	P<0.01
		组内	0.852	10	0.085
		总数	2 232.784	14
	RD₃	组间	2 231.019	4	557.755	77 753.929	P<0.01
		组内	0.072	10	0.007
		总数	2 231.091	14

表2 矿化培养 NO ３ --N和 NH ４＋-N含量试验结果方差

Table 2 Analysis of variance of test results of NO ３ --N and NH ４＋-N content in mineralized culture

	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度df Degree of freedom df	均方 mean square	比值F Ratio F	显著性 Significance
$NO ３ -$ -N	RCK	组间	2591.017	4	647.754	72 455.746	P<0.01
		组内	0.089	10	0.009
		总数	2 591.107	14
	RD₁	组间	2 469.408	4	617.352	20 069.964	P<0.01
		组内	0.308	10	0.031
		总数	2 469.716	14
	RD₂	组间	2 231.932	4	557.983	6 551.661	P<0.01
		组内	0.852	10	0.085
		总数	2 232.784	14
	RD₃	组间	2 231.019	4	557.755	77 753.929	P<0.01
		组内	0.072	10	0.007
		总数	2 231.091	14
$NH ４＋$ -N	RCK	组间	2 591.017	4	647.754	72 455.746	P<0.01
		组内	0.089	10	0.009
		总数	2 591.107	14
	RD₁	组间	2 469.408	4	617.352	20 069.964	P<0.01
		组内	0.308	10	0.031
		总数	2 469.716	14
	RD₂	组间	2 231.932	4	557.983	6 551.661	P<0.01
		组内	0.852	10	0.085
		总数	2 232.784	14
	RD₃	组间	2 231.019	4	557.755	77 753.929	P<0.01
		组内	0.072	10	0.007
		总数	2 231.091	14

图3 硝化培养过程中各处理 NO ３ --N含量的动态变化

Fig.3 Dynamic changes of NO ３ --N content in each treatment during nitrification culture

表3 硝化培养 NO ３ --N和 NH ４＋-N含量试验结果方差

Table 3 Analysis of variance of test results of NO ３ --N and NH ４＋-N content in nitrification culture

	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度df Degree of freedom df	均方 mean square	比值F Ratio F	显著性 Significance
$NO ３ -$ -N	RCK	组间	12 624.501	4	3 156.125	17 862.837	P<0.01
		组内	1.767	10	0.177
		总数	12 626.267	14
	RD₁	组间	16 852.212	4	4 213.053	22 167.74	P<0.01
		组内	1.901	10	0.19
		总数	16 854.112	14
	RD₂	组间	20 464.457	4	5 116.114	39 342.619	P<0.01
		组内	1.3	10	0.13
		总数	20 465.757	14
	RD₃	组间	29 800.991	4	7 450.248	51 108.44	P<0.01
		组内	1.458	10	0.146
		总数	29 802.448	14
$NH ４＋$ -N	RCK	组间	6 186.722	4	1 546.681	178 188.999	P<0.01
		组内	0.087	10	0.009
		总数	6 186.809	14
	RD₁	组间	5 650.713	4	1 412.678	92 898.614	P<0.01
		组内	0.152	10	0.015
		总数	5 650.865	14
	RD₂	组间	5 509.751	4	1 377.438	64 851.115	P<0.01
		组内	0.212	10	0.021
		总数	5 509.963	14
	RD₃	组间	5 562.442	4	1 390.61	52 701.256	P<0.01
		组内	0.264	10	0.026
		总数	5 562.706	14

表3 硝化培养 NO ３ --N和 NH ４＋-N含量试验结果方差

Table 3 Analysis of variance of test results of NO ３ --N and NH ４＋-N content in nitrification culture

	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度df Degree of freedom df	均方 mean square	比值F Ratio F	显著性 Significance
$NO ３ -$ -N	RCK	组间	12 624.501	4	3 156.125	17 862.837	P<0.01
		组内	1.767	10	0.177
		总数	12 626.267	14
	RD₁	组间	16 852.212	4	4 213.053	22 167.74	P<0.01
		组内	1.901	10	0.19
		总数	16 854.112	14
	RD₂	组间	20 464.457	4	5 116.114	39 342.619	P<0.01
		组内	1.3	10	0.13
		总数	20 465.757	14
	RD₃	组间	29 800.991	4	7 450.248	51 108.44	P<0.01
		组内	1.458	10	0.146
		总数	29 802.448	14
$NH ４＋$ -N	RCK	组间	6 186.722	4	1 546.681	178 188.999	P<0.01
		组内	0.087	10	0.009
		总数	6 186.809	14
	RD₁	组间	5 650.713	4	1 412.678	92 898.614	P<0.01
		组内	0.152	10	0.015
		总数	5 650.865	14
	RD₂	组间	5 509.751	4	1 377.438	64 851.115	P<0.01
		组内	0.212	10	0.021
		总数	5 509.963	14
	RD₃	组间	5 562.442	4	1 390.61	52 701.256	P<0.01
		组内	0.264	10	0.026
		总数	5 562.706	14

图4 硝化培养过程中各处理 NH ４＋-N含量的动态变化

Fig.4 Dynamic changes of NH ４＋-N content during nitrification culture

图5 壤土土壤无机氮素含量的变化值与不同增氧浓度关系备注:＊代表具有显著性差异,无＊代表不具有显著差异,＊P≤0.0 5

Fig. 5 Analysis of change value of inorganic nitrogen content and different oxygen concentration in loam soil Remarks: ＊ represents significant difference, none ＊ represents no significant difference, ＊P≤ 0.05

表4 不同处理新疆壤土 NH ４＋-N转化模型拟合结果及其诊断值

Table 4 Fitting results and diagnostic values of NH ４＋-N transformation model of Xinjiang loam under different treatments

处理 Treatments	R²	S	拟合方程 Fitting equation	初始消耗速率 Initial consumption rate (V₀) (mg／(kg・d))	最大消耗速率 Maximum consumption rate (V_max) (mg／(kg・d))	达到最大消耗速率所用时间 Time to reach maximum consumption rate (T_Vmax)(d)
RCK	0.999 9	0.262	Nt=65-60.73／(1＋exp(1.686-0.722 1 t))	5.783 0	10.963 3	2.334 9
RD₁	0.980 9	3.465	Nt=65-61.11／(1＋exp(1.377-0.7572t))	7.444 9	11.568 1	1.818 5
RD₂	0.999 6	0.469	Nt=65-61.57／(1＋exp(1.273-0.808t))	8.501 8	12.437 1	1.575 5
RD₃	0.974 3	3.988	Nt=65-61.94／(1＋exp(1.263-0.8408t))	8.950 1	13.019 8	1.502 1

表5 土壤净氮矿化量和净氮矿化速率试验结果方差

Table 5 Variance analysis of test results of soil net nitrogen mineralization and net nitrogen mineralization rate

	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度df Degree of freedom df	均方 mean square	比值F Ratio F	显著性 Significance
净氮矿化量 Net nitrogen mineralization	RCK	组间	259.931	3	86.644	837.136	P<0.01
		组内	0.828	8	0.104
		总数	260.759	11
	RD₁	组间	57.869	3	19.29	187.46	P<0.01
		组内	0.823	8	0.103
		总数	58.692	11
	RD₂	组间	260.032	3	86.677	830.31	P<0.01
		组内	0.835	8	0.104
		总数	260.868	11
	RD₃	组间	959.654	3	319.885	2 075.04	P<0.01
		组内	1.233	8	0.154
		总数	960.887	11
净氮矿化速率 Net nitrogen mineralization rate	RCK	组间	0.354	3	0.118	393.213	P<0.01
		组内	0.002	8	0
		总数	0.356	11
	RD₁	组间	8.074	3	2.691	6 210.692	P<0.01
		组内	0.003	8	0
		总数	8.077	11
	RD₂	组间	24.312	3	8.104	10 025.467	P<0.01
		组内	0.006	8	0.001
		总数	24.318	11
	RD₃	组间	29.164	3	9.721	9 484.257	P<0.01
		组内	0.008	8	0.001
		总数	29.172	11

图6 不同处理土壤 NH ４＋-N日消耗速率

Fig.6 Daily consumption rate of soil NH ４＋-N under different treatments

图7 矿化培养过程中各处理土壤净氮矿化量的动态变化

Fig.7 Dynamic changes of soil net nitrogen mineralization in each treatment during mineralization culture

图8 矿化培养过程中各处理土壤净氮矿化速率的动态变化

Fig.8 Dynamic changes of soil net nitrogen mineralization rate in each treatment during mineralization culture

图9 硝化培养过程中各处理土壤硝化率的动态变化

Fig.9 Dynamic changes of soil nitrification rate during nitrification culture

图10 硝化培养过程中各处理土壤硝化速率的动态变化

Fig.10 Dynamic changes of soil nitrification rate during nitrification culture

表6 土壤硝化率和硝化速率方差

Table 6 Variance analysis of soil nitrification rate and nitrification rate test results

	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度df Degree of freedom df	均方 mean square	比值F Ratio F	显著性 Significance
硝化率 Nitri fication rate	RCK	组间	0.262	4	0.066	289 399.909	P<0.01
		组内	0	10	0
		总数	0.262	14
	RD₁	组间	0.25	4	0.063	111 384.247	P<0.01
		组内	0	10	0
		总数	0.25	14
	RD₂	组间	0.247	4	0.062	82 959.685	P<0.01
		组内	0	10	0
		总数	0.247	14
	RD₃	组间	0.248	4	0.062	82 949.25	P<0.01
		组内	0	10	0
		总数	0.248	14
硝化速率 Nitrification rate	RCK	组间	161.522	4	40.38	45 886.818	P<0.01
		组内	0.009	10	0.001
		总数	161.53	14
	RD₁	组间	183.615	4	45.904	71 724.568	P<0.01
		组内	0.006	10	0.001
		总数	183.621	14
	RD₂	组间	222.533	4	55.633	28 192.514	P<0.01
		组内	0.02	10	0.002
		总数	222.553	14
	RD₃	组间	274.475	4	68.619	64 330.084	P<0.01
		组内	0.011	10	0.001
		总数	274.486	14

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增氧水输入对壤土土壤氮的影响

Effect of Oxygenated Water Input on Soil Nitrogen in Loam

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