滴灌冬小麦不同滴灌量土壤水分时空分布及冠层特征响应

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.005

新疆农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 233-245.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.005

滴灌冬小麦不同滴灌量土壤水分时空分布及冠层特征响应

赛力汗·赛^1,2, 陈传信¹, 薛丽华¹, 张永强¹, 雷钧杰¹, 陈兴武¹, 王志敏²

1.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091;
2.中国农业大学农学院,北京 100193

收稿日期:2018-09-20 出版日期:2019-02-20 发布日期:2019-05-22
通信作者: 王志敏(1961-),男,北京人,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理,(E-mail)zhimin206@263.net
作者简介:赛力汗·赛(1975-),男,副研究员,研究方向为小麦高产栽培与耕作,(E-mail)sailihan777@sina.com
基金资助:
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费“旱地合理耕层构建技术指标研究”(201503116);国家小麦产业技术体系(CARS-3)

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Moisture and Canopy Characteristic Response of Drip Irrigation Winter Wheat with Different Drip Irrigation

Sailihan Sai^1,2, CHEN Chuan-xin¹, XUE Li-hua¹, ZHANG Yong-qiang¹, LEI Jun-jie¹, CHEN Xing-wu¹, WANG Zhi-min²

1.Research Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China;
2.College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2018-09-20 Online:2019-02-20 Published:2019-05-22
Correspondence author: Wang Zhi-min (1961- ), male, Beijing, professor, mainly engaged in high-yield cultivation of wheat physiological research. Email: zhimin206@263.net
Supported by:
Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Agriculture) Scientific R & D Program of Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China "Study on Technical Indexes of Constructing Rational Tillage Layer in Drylands" (201503116) and the National Wheat Industry Technology System (CARS-3)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究滴灌冬小麦不同滴灌量土壤水分时空分布及冠层特征响应,为北疆滴灌小麦灌溉制度、滴灌参考指标提供科学理论依据。【方法】采用大田试验,设不同滴灌量处理,研究滴灌后土壤含水量时空扩散特征,离滴灌带不同距离麦行土壤含水量在不同生育期动态变化特征及冬小麦冠层特征响应。【结果】在不同时段0～20 cm表土层土壤水分变化最为剧烈,且随滴灌量的增加而趋于缓和;滴灌方式20～80 cm土层为主要储水层;滴灌量为2 475 m³/hm²滴灌后远离滴灌带麦行土壤水分补充极少,该趋势在表土层更加明显;通过增加滴灌量使水分更早向远管麦行扩散;滴灌量低于3 750 m³/hm²进入扬花期后0～60 cm土层土壤含水量低于15.0%,滴灌量低于3 150 m³/hm²进入灌浆期后0～60 cm土层土壤含水量接近10%,不利于籽粒灌浆和产量形成;总叶面积指数近管麦行较远管麦行高水处理增加9.50%,中水处理增加7.40%,低水处理增加5.72%;不同处理冬小麦倒三节茎粗近管麦行＞远管麦行位置,高水近管麦行为0.210 cm,低水远管麦行为0.182 cm。【结论】北疆冬麦区随滴灌量降低土壤水分明显下降,影响了小麦叶面积、株高、穗长、茎粗等个体生长发育;冬小麦返青后滴灌量3 750 m³/hm²缩小近管麦行、远管麦行位置土壤水分差异,减少远离滴管带麦行土壤水分亏缺对小麦生长发育的影响;滴灌量低于3 150 m³/hm²北疆冬小麦种植区扬花期后0～60 cm土层会出现水分亏缺,显著影响小麦籽粒灌浆和产量形成。

关键词: 滴灌冬小麦; 滴灌量土壤水分; 冠层特征; 不同麦行

Abstract: 【Objective】 To provide scientific and theoretical basis for drip irrigation wheat irrigation system and drip irrigation reference indexes in northern Xinjiang.【Method】 Field experiments were conducted to investigate the spatial and temporal diffusion characteristics of soil water content after drip irrigation. The dynamic changes of soil moisture content at different growth stages and the response of winter wheat canopy characteristics at different distances of wheat rows from drip irrigation belt were investigated.【Results】At different times, the soil moisture change in 0-20 cm soil layer was the most severe, and tended to be mild with the increase of the drip irrigation quantity. The 20 cm to 80 cm soil layer was the main water storage layer; The amount of drip irrigation was 2,475 m³/hm². After drip irrigation, the soil moisture of the wheat line far from the drip irrigation belt was very little, more obvious in the topsoil; Increasing the amount of drip irrigation allowed the water to diffuse earlier to the wheat line far from the drip irrigation zone; If the drip irrigation amount was lower than 3,750 m³/hm², the soil water content of 0-60 cm soil layer after the flowering period was less than 15.0%. The drip irrigation amount is less than 3,150 m³/hm². After entering the filling period, the soil moisture content of the soil layer was close to 10%, which was not conducive to grain filling and yield formation; The total leaf area index increased by 9.50% in the high-water treatment of the wheat line far from the drip irrigation belt, intermediate water treatment increased by 7.40%, low water treatment increased by 5.72%; In different treatments, the stem diameter of three stem lines of winter wheat was 0.210 cm, lower than that of far-tube wheat, and the behavior of high-water near-tube wheat was 0.182 cm, while that of high-water near-tube wheat was 0.182 cm.【Conclusion】The soil moisture decreases significantly with the decrease of drip irrigation in winter wheat area of northern Xinjiang, which affects the growth and development of wheat leaf area, plant height, ear length and stem diameter; After the winter wheat turns green, the drip irrigation amount of 3 750 m³/hm² can reduce the soil moisture difference between the near-tube wheat line and the far-tube wheat line, and it can also reduce the influence of soil water deficit on the growth and development of wheat away from the straw tube; If the drip irrigation amount is lower than 3 150 m³/hm² in the winter wheat planting area in northern Xinjiang, there will be water deficit in 0-60 cm soil layer, which will significantly affect wheat grain filling and yield formation.

Key words: drip irrigation winter wheat; drip irrigation soil moisture; canopy characteristic; different distance of wheat rows

中图分类号:

S512

赛力汗·赛, 陈传信, 薛丽华, 张永强, 雷钧杰, 陈兴武, 王志敏. 滴灌冬小麦不同滴灌量土壤水分时空分布及冠层特征响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(2): 233-245.

Sailihan Sai, CHEN Chuan-xin, XUE Li-hua, ZHANG Yong-qiang, LEI Jun-jie, CHEN Xing-wu, WANG Zhi-min. Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Moisture and Canopy Characteristic Response of Drip Irrigation Winter Wheat with Different Drip Irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(2): 233-245.

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滴灌冬小麦不同滴灌量土壤水分时空分布及冠层特征响应

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Moisture and Canopy Characteristic Response of Drip Irrigation Winter Wheat with Different Drip Irrigation

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