地下加气渗灌对土壤水分入渗速率及水盐分布的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.01.024

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (1): 206-214.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.01.024

• 植物保护 · 土壤肥料 · 草业 · 畜牧兽医 • 上一篇下一篇

地下加气渗灌对土壤水分入渗速率及水盐分布的影响

王学成¹^,²(), 王则玉³, 姚宝林¹, 朱珠¹^,²(), 刘冉¹^,²

1.塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.塔里木大学现代农业工程重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300
3.新疆农业科学研究院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2022-04-29 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2023-03-07
通信作者: 朱珠(1986-),女,新疆阿拉尔人,副教授,博士研究生,研究方向为土壤水盐运移及高效节水灌溉,(E-mail)1293679915@qq.com
作者简介:王学成(1998-),男,山东日照人,硕士研究生,研究方向为节水灌溉,(E-mail)422920247@qq.com
基金资助:
自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费“酸化生物炭输入对新疆重盐碱土壤影响机制研究”(KY2021120);塔里木大学研究生科研创新项目(TDGRI202043);新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅普通高等学校现代农业工程重点实验室开放课题(TDNG20180701);国家自然科学基金(51969028)

Effects of Aerated Infiltration Irrigation on Soil Water Infiltration Rate and Water Salt Distribution

WANG Xuecheng¹^,²(), WANG Zeyu³, YAO Baolin¹, ZHU Zhu¹^,²(), LIU Ran¹^,²

1. College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China
2. Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar Xinjiang 843300,China
3. Research Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2022-04-29 Online:2023-01-20 Published:2023-03-07
Correspondence author: ZHU Zhu (1986-),female,Xinjiang Alar,associate professor,doctoral candidate,mainly engaged in the theoretical research of soil water and salt transport and efficient water-saving irrigation,(E-mail)1293679915@qq.com
Supported by:
Basic Scientific R &D Program of Public Welfare Research Institutions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(KY2021120);Graduate Student Research Innovation Project of Tarim University(TDGRI202043);Open Project of Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering in Colleges and Universities of Department of Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(TDNG20180701);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51969028)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究加气渗灌模式下土壤水盐运移规律,为新疆南疆地区节水灌溉方式和盐碱地改良方法提供借鉴。【方法】采用室内土箱试验,设置处理为标准加气量,灌前加气(T₁),灌水中间段加气(T₂);1.5倍标准加气量灌前加气(T₃),灌水中间段加气(T₄)的两因素两水平完全试验,并设置不加气处理CK为对照组,灌水量统一设置为13 L。灌水结束后静置24 h,取样分析水分在土壤中的入渗速率和湿润体内水分及盐分分布。【结果】加气处理较不加气处理灌水结束时间更早。T₁,T₂,T₃,T₄处理灌水时间较CK处理分别缩短8.70 %,28.99 %,31.88 %和43.48 %,加气处理较CK处理土壤中水分入渗速率更快。加气量增加,入渗速率也随之增加。在距渗灌管水平距离0 cm,一维纵深20~30 cm处土壤平均质量含水率分别为16.2%,13.31%,14.61%,13.07%,13.21%。在距渗灌管水平距离15 cm,一维纵深10~35 cm处土壤平均质量含水率分别为5.68%,8.65%,8.72%,8.74%,9.49%。【结论】加气处理较CK处理湿润体内水分分布更加均匀。加气处理较CK处理,水分入渗范围和脱盐范围更大,洗盐效果更好。同等加气量处理下,灌水中间段加气较灌水前加气效果更好。采取灌水中间段加气的方式,增加加气量,得到更大的水分入渗范围和脱盐范围。

关键词: 加气渗灌; 入渗速率; 湿润体; 水盐分布

Abstract:

【Objective】 To save agricultural water in southern Xinjiang and explore the movement law of soil water and salt under aerated infiltration irrigation mode with a view to providing reference for improving saline alkali land in that region. 【Methods】 Through the indoor soil box test, two factors and two levels of complete test were set as follows: adding standard air volume before irrigation (T₁), adding standard air volume in the middle section of irrigation (T₂), 1.5 times of standard air volume before irrigation (T₃), 1.5 times of standard air volume in the middle section of irrigation (T₄), and no aeration treatment CK.The irrigation amount was set to 13 L.After irrigation, standing for 24 hours, the infiltration rate of water in soil and the distribution of water and salt in wet body were analyzed. 【Results】 The results showed that the irrigation end time of aerated treatment was earlier than that of non aerated treatment.The irrigation time of T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ treatments was 8.70%, 28.99%, 31.88% and 43.48% shorter than that of CK treatment respectively, which indicated that the infiltration rate of soil water in aerated treatment was faster than that in CK treatment, and the infiltration rate also increased with the increase of aeration.The average mass moisture content of soil at the horizontal distance of 0 cm and one-dimensional depth of 20-30 cm were 16.2%, 13.31%, 14.61%, 13.07% and 13.21%, respectively.The average mass moisture content of soil was 5.68%, 8.65%, 8.72%, 8.74% and 9.49% respectively at the horizontal distance of 15 cm and one-dimensional depth of 10-35cm from the infiltration irrigation pipe. 【Conclusion】 This indicated that the moisture distribution of aerated treatment was more uniform than that of CK treatment.Compared with CK treatment, aerated treatment had larger range of water infiltration and desalination, and better effect of salt washing.Under the same aeration rate, the effect of aeration in the middle of irrigation was better than that before irrigation.Therefore, it is suggested to adopt the way of aeration in the middle section of irrigation to increase the amount of aeration so as to obtain a larger range of infiltration and desalination.

Key words: aerated infiltration irrigation; infiltration rate; moist body; water salt distribution

中图分类号:

S274

王学成, 王则玉, 姚宝林, 朱珠, 刘冉. 地下加气渗灌对土壤水分入渗速率及水盐分布的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(1): 206-214.

WANG Xuecheng, WANG Zeyu, YAO Baolin, ZHU Zhu, LIU Ran. Effects of Aerated Infiltration Irrigation on Soil Water Infiltration Rate and Water Salt Distribution[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(1): 206-214.

图/表 9

表1 试验设计

Table 1 Test design

1	2	3	4	5
CK	T₁	T₂	T₃	T₄
	A₁B₁	A₁B₂	A₂B₁	A₂B₂

图1 试验装置注:1、马氏瓶 2、气泵 3、4、5、球阀 6、土箱

Fig.1 Diagram of test device (cm) Note:1、Martensian flask 2、Air pump 3、4、5、Ball valve 6、Soil box

图2 取样点

Fig.2 Sampling point (cm)

图3 不同加气处理下累计入渗量变化

Fig.3 Effect of different aeration treatments on cumulative infiltration

图4 不同加气处理下入渗速率变化

Fig.4 Effect of different aeration treatments on infiltration rate

图5 不同加气处理下土壤中水分空间分布

Fig.5 Spatial distribution of soil moisture under different aeration treatments

图6 不同加气处理下土壤中盐分空间分布

Fig.6 Spatial distribution of soil salinity under different aeration treatments

表2 距渗灌管0 cm一维纵深处脱盐率/积盐率

Table 2 Desalination rate / salt accumulation rate in one dimensional longitudinal depth 0 cm away from the infiltration irrigation pipe(%)

距离渗灌管距离 Distance from infiltration irrigation pipe(cm)	CK	T₁	T₂	T₃	T₄
+15~+20	-	-	(-110.89)	-	(-113.66)
+10~+15	(-69.24)	(-64.90)	5.06±1.37	(-64.89)	24.55±2.04
0~+10	62.34±1.44^b	63.9±3.39^b	68.31±1.40^ab	69.71±3.38^ab	74.43±6.12^a
0~-10	65.21±4.17^b	75.1±6.32^ab	80.25±6.06^a	78.67±5.54^a	80.58±1.93^a
-10~-15	58.48±4.41^b	59.13±4.58^b	78.88±8.34^a	73.44±7.68^ab	80.41±9.79^a
-15~-20	(-66.90)	0.62±0.14^d	51.79±4.58^b	24.55±3.15^c	68.07±7.07^a
-20~-25	-	(-66.62)	(-65.72)	(-66.83)	(-65.59)

表3 距渗灌管10 cm一维纵深处脱盐率/积盐率

Table 3 Desalination rate / salt accumulation rate in one-dimensional longitudinal depth 10 cm away from infiltration irrigation pipe(%)

距离渗灌管距离 Distancefrom infiltration irrigation pipe(cm)	CK	T₁	T₂	T₃	T₄
+10~+15	(-113.59)	(-98.00)	(-67.86)	(-77.03)	(-67.93)
0~+10	29.249±4.13^b	34.48±4.63^b	39.45±3.80^b	57.93±5.51^a	60.21±5.96^a
0~-10	45.15±6.98^b	66.74±6.25^a	73.87±5.95^a	69.76±7.70^a	73.28±7.79^a
-10~-15	10.55±3.31^c	14.83±4.95^c	62.83±4.01^a	36.14±5.55^b	61.59±5.51^a
-15~-20	(-65.52)	(-54.48)	9.24±1.27	(-84.00)	14.34±3.16
-20~-25		-	(-80.90)	-	(-68.41)

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地下加气渗灌对土壤水分入渗速率及水盐分布的影响

Effects of Aerated Infiltration Irrigation on Soil Water Infiltration Rate and Water Salt Distribution

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