长期施肥下干旱区灰漠土磷的平衡与活化特征

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.01.023

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (1): 197-205.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.01.023

• 植物保护 · 土壤肥料 · 草业 · 畜牧兽医 • 上一篇下一篇

长期施肥下干旱区灰漠土磷的平衡与活化特征

王西和¹^,²(), 刘骅²(), 冯固¹(), 杨金钰², 王彦平², 黄建²

1.中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 1001931
2.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/国家灰漠土肥力与肥料效益监测站/农业部新疆北部耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2022-05-10 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2023-03-07
通信作者: 刘骅(1961-),女,安徽定远人,研究员,研究方向为土壤肥力与养分资源管理,(E-mail)liuhualh@sohu.com;冯固(1962-),男,陕西城固人,教授,研究方向为土壤微生物与磷肥高效利用,(E-mail)fenggu@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:王西和(1981-),男,安徽阜阳人,副研究员,博士研究生,研究方向为土壤肥力演变,(E-mail)wxh810701@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U1703232);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200404);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-15-48);农业农村部“科研设施专项运行维护费”(G202109-2)

Balance and Activation of AP in Dry Area Grey Desert Soil under Long-term Fertilization

WANG Xihe¹^,²(), LIU Hua²(), FENG Gu¹(), YANG Jinyu², WANG Yanping², HUANG Jian²

1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2. Research Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Gray Desert Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effect Monitoring Station / Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Cultivated Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment in Northern Xinjiang of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2022-05-10 Online:2023-01-20 Published:2023-03-07
Correspondence author: LIU Hua (1961-), female, Native place: dingyuan, Anhui. researcher, research field: Soil fertility and nutrient resource management,(E-mail)liuhualh@sohu.com;FENG Gu (1962-), male, Native place: Chenggu, Shanxi. Professor, research field: Soil microorganisms and efficient utilization of phosphorus fertilizer, (E-mail) fenggu@cau.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1703232);National Key R & D Program Project(2016YFD0200404);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-48);Special Fund for the Operation and Maintenance of Scientific Research Facilities of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P. R. China(G202109-2)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究灰漠土长期不同施肥管理措施下,农田土壤全磷、有效磷(Olsen-P)的变化关系及对磷素盈亏的响应, 为科学施磷及土壤质量定向培育提供参考依据。【方法】以始于1989年的不同施肥措施的长期定位试验为研究对象,对土壤磷盈亏状况及土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)对土壤盈亏的响应关系、磷素活化系数(PAC)等进行分析。【结果】NP、PK、NPK、NPKS处理土壤PAC随施肥年限呈抛物线变化,并在第16年时达到峰值,NPKM、1.5NPKM处理PAC随施肥年限呈极显著线性正相关(P<0.01),年增加速率分别为0.23%和0.42%。CK、NK当季土壤表观磷盈亏呈现亏缺状态,当季土壤磷平均亏缺量分别为8.9、15.5 kg/hm²;NP、PK、NPK、NPKS当季土壤磷盈余值的平均值分别为35.4、38.9、32.3和25.4 kg/hm²,NPKM、1.5NPKM处理当季土壤磷盈余值分别为49.6、127.8 kg/hm²,年际盈余量随种植年限逐渐下降,施磷处理土壤有效磷增量与累计盈亏间存在显著相关性,每盈余100 kg/hm²磷,Olsen-P浓度可提高4.02 mg/kg。【结论】施肥方式和年限可显著影响灰漠土PAC和磷盈亏,施用有机肥可显著提高土壤PAC和土壤磷盈余;仅施化肥磷或化肥配施秸秆,土壤PAC和磷盈亏均存在峰值。

关键词: 长期施肥; 灰漠土; 有效磷; 全磷; 磷活化系数; 磷盈亏

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the relationship between soil total phosphorus and soil available phosphorus (Olsen-P) and the response to phosphorus budget, that under the long-term different manure management practices in grey desert soil, and investigate the transformation characteristics of phosphorus in grey desert soil, which provides a reference for the scientific application of phosphate fertilizer and oriented cultivation of soil quality. 【Methods】 Taking the long-term positioning experiment of different fertilizer management that started 1989 as the object to analyze the relationship between soil phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC), budget and soil available phosphorus (Olsen-P) response to soil budget. 【Results】 The PAC of soil treated with NP, PK, NPK and NPKS showed a parabolic change with fertilization years, and reached its peak value at the 16th year.The PAC of soil treated with NPKM and 1.5NPKM presented a very significant linear positive correlation with fertilization years (P<0.01), and the annual increase rate was 0.23% and 0.42%, respectively.CK and NK were deficient in soil apparent phosphorus in the current season, and the average phosphorus deficiency was 8.9and 15.5 kg/hm², respectively.NP, PK, NPK, NPKS quarter average value of a surplus of soil phosphorus were 35.4, 38.9, 32.3 and 25.4 kg/hm², NPKM, 1.5 NPKM treatment in the surplus value of soil phosphorus were 49.6, 127.8 kg/hm², annual amount of surplus with the planting fixed number of year was falling, P processing increment and the total available P in soil was significant correlation between profit and loss, every surplus of 100 kg/hm² phosphorus, Olsen-p concentration increased by 4.02 mg/kg. 【Conclusion】 Fertilization methods and years can significantly affect the PAC and P profit and loss of grey desert soil, and the application of organic fertilizer can significantly increase the PAC and P surplus of soil; There is peak value of PAC and p in soil when only fertilizer is applied or straw applied.

Key words: long-term fertilization; grey desert soil; soil available phosphorus; soil total phosphorus; phosphorus activation coefficient; phosphorus balance

中图分类号:

S153.61

王西和, 刘骅, 冯固, 杨金钰, 王彦平, 黄建. 长期施肥下干旱区灰漠土磷的平衡与活化特征[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(1): 197-205.

WANG Xihe, LIU Hua, FENG Gu, YANG Jinyu, WANG Yanping, HUANG Jian. Balance and Activation of AP in Dry Area Grey Desert Soil under Long-term Fertilization[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(1): 197-205.

图/表 6

表1 试验处理及施肥量

Table 1 The design of treatment and quantity of fertilization (kg/hm2)

处理 Treatment	1990-1994			After 1994
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0
NK	99.4	0	23.1	241.5	0	61.9
NP	99.4	66.9	0	241.5	138	0
PK	0	66.9	23.1	0	138	61.9
NPK	99.4	66.9	23.1	241.5	138	61.9
NPKS	89.4+46.8^a	56.1+6.7^a	20.8+92.7^a	216.7+46.8^a	116.6+6.7^a	52+92.7^a
NPKM	29.8+240^a	20+69^a	8.3+90^a	84.9+240^a	51.4+69^a	12.4+90^a
1.5NPKM	59.6+480^a	40+138^a	16.5+180^a	151.8+480^a	90.4+138^a	19+180^a

图1 各处理当季土壤表观磷盈亏

Fig.1 Annual phosphorus balance of different Fertilizer treatments

图2 各处理土壤累积磷盈亏

Fig.2 Correlations of soil accumulation phosphorus relative to treatment each year

图3 各处理灰漠土△Olsen P对土壤累积磷盈亏的响应

Fig.3 Response of different treatments to Olsen-P and P balance

图4 灰漠土所有施肥处理△Olsen P与土壤磷累积盈亏的关系

Fig.4 Correlations between all treatments Olsen-P and P balance of grey desert soil

图5 长期施肥下灰漠土PAC变化

Fig.5 Effect of long-term fertilizer application on PAC in grey desert soil

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长期施肥下干旱区灰漠土磷的平衡与活化特征

Balance and Activation of AP in Dry Area Grey Desert Soil under Long-term Fertilization

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