核桃叶斑病病菌菌丝体及孢子越冬存活研究

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究核桃叶斑病病原菌Alternaria alternata的越冬方式及场所,为该病害的防控提供理论依据。【方法】 2016、2017年连续两年11月~翌年3月在洛浦县五个乡镇的观测园内,采用常规组织分离法、固体平板稀释涂布培养计数法,对病原菌菌丝体在不同器官组织、分生孢子在不同生境以及病原菌在土壤不同深度的存活情况进行调查。【结果】 核桃叶斑病病原菌主要以菌丝体在病落叶及树上病叶上越冬,分离率高达90%,其次是芽和主干树皮,分离率为87.67%、79.58%,而一年生侧枝及果实的病菌分离率较低;该病菌也可以分生孢子在树上、地表、土层5、10、15、20、30 cm病残体上越冬,其中10~15 cm土层病菌孢子的存活率最高,而30 cm处病菌孢子存活数量很少;并且发现该病原菌在0~20 cm的土壤中均能越冬,且土层越深病原菌存活数量越少,地表土的病菌数量与土壤中存在显著差异(P<0.05)。【结论】 核桃叶斑病病原菌可以菌丝体及分生孢子在病植株上、土壤病残体上及土壤中越冬。

关键词: 核桃叶斑病; 越冬场所; 越冬方式; 不同生境

Abstract: 【Objective】 To clarify the overwintering mode and site of the pathogen of walnut leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the disease.【Method】 In 2016 and 2017, for two consecutive years from November to March in the observation gardens of five townships in Luopu County, the survival of pathogenic mycelia in different overwintering sites, conidia in different habitats and pathogens at different depths of the soil were investigated by general tissue separation and culture counting method of solid plate dilution coating.【Result】 The pathogen of walnut leaf spot disease overwintered mainly on the diseased leaves and trees, and the isolation rate was as high as 90, followed by bud and trunk bark, and the isolation rates were 87.67% and 79.58% , respectively. But the isolation rate of annual lateral branches and fruits was lower. The pathogen could also survive the winter on the tree, surface and soil layers of disabled bodies of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm. ,and the survival rate of the spores was the highest in the soil layer of 10-15 cm. However, the number of spores in 30 cm was very few, and it was found that the pathogen could survive winter in 0-20 cm soil, and the deeper the soil layer was, the less the number of pathogen was, and there was significant difference between the number of pathogen in topsoil and that in soil (P < 0. 05). 【Conclusion】 The pathogen of walnut leaf spot can survive winter in the form of mycelia and conidia on the diseased plants and plant residues in different habitats and soil.

Key words: walnut leaf spot disease; overwintering site; overwintering mode; different habitats

中图分类号:

S664.1

刘金宇,迪丽努尔,贾海英,蒋萍. 核桃叶斑病病菌菌丝体及孢子越冬存活研究[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(10): 1870-1878.

LIU Jin-yu,Dilnur,JIA Hai-ying,JIANG Ping. Study on Overwintering Survival of Mycelia and Conidia of Walnut Leaf Spot Pathogens[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(10): 1870-1878.

参考文献

[1] 张欢欢.不同种植模式下核桃产业的综合效益比较与技术效率研究[D].阿拉尔:塔里木大学硕士论文,2017.
ZHANG Huan-huan. (2017). Under different planting patterns walnut industry thecomprehensive benefit of comparative and technical efficiency[D]. Master Dissertation. Tarim University, Aral. (in Chinese)
[2]新疆统计年鉴编辑委员会.新疆统计年鉴[J].北京:中国统计出版社,2013.
Editorial Committee of Xinjiang Statistical Yearbook. (2013). Xinjiang Statistical Yearbook[J]. Beijing: China Statistics Press. (in Chinese)
[3]徐阳,刘雪峰,蒋萍,等.和田地区核桃叶枯病病原菌的鉴定[J].西部林业科学,2012,41(3):102-105.
XU Yang, LIU Xue-feng, JIANG Ping, et al.(2012). Identification of Pathogen Causing Leaf Blight of Walnut in Hotan of Xinjiang [J]. Journal of West China Forestry Science, 41(3):102-105. (in Chinese)
[4]韩敏.南疆核桃叶斑病病原与防治技术研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学硕士论文,2014.
HAN Min. (2014). Study on pathogens and control of walnut leaf spot disease in southern xinjiang[D]. Master Dissertation. Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi. (in Chinese)
[5]丁俊杰,王杰,刘金宇,等.新疆洛浦县核桃叶斑病发病因素及相关性分析[J].新疆农业大学学报,2016,39(6):453-457.
DING Jun-jie, WANG Jie, LIU Jin-yu, et al. (2016). Influence factors on walnut leaf spot disease in Luopu county, Xinjiang and correlation analysis [J]. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University, 39(6):453-457. (in Chinese)
[6]方中达.植病研究方法[M].第3版. 北京:中国农业出版社,1998:122-146.
FANG Zhong-da.(1998). Research methods of plant pathology[M]. 3rd Ed.Beijing: China Agriculture Press: 122-146. (in Chinese)
[7]林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010:128-131.
LIN Xian-gui. (2010). Principles and methods of soil microbial research[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press: 128-131. (in Chinese)
[8]叶建仁,贺伟.林木病理学 [M].第3版. 北京:中国林业出版社,2011:95-97.
YE Jian-ren, HE Wei.(2011). Forest pathology [M]. 3rd Ed. Beijing: China Forestry Press: 95-97. (in Chinese)
[9]周如军.穿山龙黑斑病病原学及防治技术研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学硕士论文,2005.
ZHOU Ru-jun. (2005). Theetiology on dioscorea black spot and disease control[D]. Master Dissertation. Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang. (in Chinese)
[10]钟小刚.甘肃省苹果链格孢叶斑病病原鉴定及诱导抗病性研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学硕士论文,2013.
ZHONG Xiao-gang.(2013). Identification of pathogens causing apple Alternaria blotch in Gansu Province and study on induced resistance[D]. Master Dissertation. Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou. (in Chinese)
[11]朱克恭.银杏叶枯病初侵染源的研究[J].南京林业大学学报,1993,17(4):53-56.
ZHU Ke-gong.(1993). Studies on the primary source of infection of the leaf blight disease of Ginkgo [J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, 17(4):53-56. (in Chinese)
[12]王金友,朱虹,李美娜,等.苹果斑点落叶病侵染及发生规律研究[J].中国果树,1992, (2):11-14, 28.
WANG Jin-you, ZHU Hong, LI Mei-na, et al. (1992).Infection and occurrence of apple spotted deciduous disease [J]. China Fruits, (2): 11-14, 28. (in Chinese)
[13]吴玉柱,季延平,杨树珩,等.冬枣黑斑病发生规律的研究[J].山东林业科技,2004,(3):1-3.
WU Yu-zhu, JI Yan-ping, YANG Shu-yan, et al. (2004).The study on techniques of controlling black patch in "Dongzao" jujube [J]. Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology. (3):1-3. (in Chinese)
[14]何汉祚,李桂卿,乔志宏,等.梨黑斑病的发生规律与防治技术[J].山西果树,1995,(4):28-29.
HE Han-zuo, LI Gui-qin, QIAN Zhi-hong, et al. (1995).Occurrence and control techniques of pear black spot [J]. Shanxi Fruits, (4):28-29. (in Chinese)
[15]陈小飞,熊仁次,徐崇志,等.红枣黑斑病研究现状与展望[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013,(10):141-144.
CHEN Xiao-fei, XIONG Ren-ci, XU Chong-zhi, et al. (2013).Current situation and prospect on jujube black spot disease [J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, (10):141-144. (in Chinese)
[16]刘晓琳.新疆枣果黑斑病发生规律及药剂筛选的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学硕士论文,2015.
LIU Xiao-lin. (2015). Study on occurrence regularity and screening for fungicides of jujube black spot in Xinjiang[D]. Master Dissertation. Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi. (in Chinese)
[17]任晓婧,杜金顺,崔建州,等.联峰山油松枯梢病病原菌越冬方式及场所的研究[J].中国森林病虫,2017,36(2):35-37,46.
REN Xiao-jing, DU Jin-shun, CUI Jian-zhou, et al. (2017).Study on the overwintering forms andsites of the pathogen of tip blight ofPinustabulaeformisin Lianfeng Mountain [J]. Forest Pest and Disease, 36(2):35-37, 46. (in Chinese)
[18]黄红兰,舒畅,曾庆銮,等.留树处理期间脐橙炭疽病菌的潜伏侵染与越冬研究[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(4):90-92, 96.
HUANG Hong-lan, SHU Chang, ZENG Qing-luan, et al. (2012).Latent infection and overwintering of anthracnose pathogen in navel orange when keeping fruits on trees [J]. Henan Agricultural Sciences, 41(4):90-92, 96. (in Chinese)
[19]蒋素蓉,陈小红,叶华智,等.川麦冬炭疽病菌的潜伏侵染和越冬研究[J].中国植保导刊,2007,27(3):5-7.
JIANG Su-rong, CHEN Xiao-hong, YE Hua-zhi, et al. (2007). Studies on latent infection and overwintering of anthracnose pathogeninOphiopogonjaponicusin winter in Sichuan province[J]. China Plant Protection, 27(3):5-7. (in Chinese)
[20]徐敬友,童蕴慧,王彰明,等.水稻叶尖枯病初侵染和再侵染研究[J].植物病理学报,1993,25(2):123-126.
XU Jing-you, TONG Yun-hui, WANG Zhang-ming, et al. (1993).The primary and secondary infections of ricePhyllostictaleaf blight [J]. Acta phytopathologica sinica, 25(2):123-126. (in Chinese)
[21]吴新颖.万寿菊链格孢叶斑病研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学硕士论文,2002.
WU Xin-ying.(2002). Studies on Alternaria leaf spot of marigold[D]. Master Dissertation. Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun. (in Chinese)
[22]阎合.甘草链格孢叶斑病研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学硕士论文,2009.
YAN He.(2009). Studies on the liquorice leaf spot for Alternaria[D]. Master Dissertation. Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou. (in Chinese)
[23] 龙亚琴.金刚藤叶斑病病原学、发生规律及防治技术研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学硕士论文,2009.
LONG Ya-qin.(2009). Studies on etiology, occurrence and control of leaf spot of Smilax China[D]. Master Dissertation. Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan. (in Chinese)
[24]王治江,魏生龙,张芬琴,等.胡萝卜斑枯病病原菌越冬场所及初侵染来源研究[J].中国植保导刊,2006,26(4):15-16.
WANG Zhi-jiang, WEI Sheng-long, ZHANG Fen-qin, et al. (2006).Study on overwintering place and resource of initial inoculums of carrot spotted blight [J]. China Plant Protection, 26(4):15-16. (in Chinese)
[25]张文梅.南丰蜜桔黑斑病病原鉴定、病害循环及防治研究[D].南昌:江西农业大学硕士论文,2011.
ZHANG Wen-mei.(2011). Pathogenic identification, disease cycle and control of Nanfeng Tangerine black spot[D].Master Dissertation. Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang. (in Chinese)
[26] West, J. S., Atkins, S. D., Emberlin, J., & Fitt, B. D. L. (2008). PCR to predict risk of airborne disease. Trends in Microbiology, 16(8): 380-387.