塔里木河流域天然胡杨林营养积累特征及动态变化

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究塔里木河流域天然胡杨林营养积累变化特征,为塔里木盆地天然胡杨林植被恢复及抚育管理提供科学依据。【方法】以塔里木河流域天然胡杨林为研究对象,采用野外标准木全株采伐及室内养分分析相结合的方法,研究胡杨林木不同器官营养分配及积累变化特征。以新疆两次森林资源二类调查数据为基础,分析12年来天然胡杨林营养积累动态变化。【结果】(1)胡杨不同器官中平均N含量由高到低依次为叶>枝>根,P含量为根>叶>枝,K含量为叶>根>枝;林龄对各器官N、P含量影响不显著,表明在胡杨发育过程中各器官中N、P含量具有稳定性。(2)N平均含量由高到低依次为成熟林>过熟林>中龄林>幼龄林>近熟林, P和K平均含量随着龄组的增加均呈先降低后增加的趋势;龄组对胡杨中N和K含量影响不显著,对P含量影响显著(P=0.059)。(3)随着胡杨龄级的增加,林分净生产力呈先降低后增加再降低的趋势,在成熟林阶段达到最高,为3 523.65 kg/(hm²·a);胡杨林单位面积林木N、P、K营养积累量中,成熟林积累量最高,达34.03 kg/(hm²·a),过熟林最低,仅为15.84 kg/(hm²·a)。(4)2014年胡杨林面积较2003年增加了16.29%,达560 288.82 hm^-2,积累N、P、K物质总量较2003年增加了18.68%,达12 619 763.76 kg/hm²,其中成熟林积累营养物质量最高,占总积累量35.67%,幼龄林最低,仅占总量的1.62%。【结论】胡杨在成熟林阶段积累营养物质量最高,在进行胡杨林保育与恢复生态工程中,加强对其他林龄的抚育管理,为维护塔里木河流域生态平衡和环境保护提供有力保障。

关键词: 天然胡杨林; 营养物质积累; 保育

Abstract: 【Objective】 This project aims to study the nutrient accumulation and change characteristics of natural Populus euphratica forest in Tarim River Basin in the hope of providing scientific basis for vegetation rehibilitation and tending management of the forest in this area.【Method】Taking the natural Populus euphratica forest in the Tarim River Basin as the research object, the characteristics of nutrient distribution and accumulation in different organs of Populus euphratica forest were studied by means of field standard felling whole tree and indoor nutrient analysis. Based on the data of two forest resources investigations in Xinjiang, the dynamic changes of nutrient accumulation in populus euphratica forest during the past 12 years were analysed.【Result】(1) In general, the order of average N content in different organs of Populus euphratica was leaf > branch > root, the P content was: root > leaf > branch and the K content was: leaf > root > branch. The effects of age on N and P contents were not significant, indicating that N and P contents in various organs were stable during the development of Populus euphratica.(2)Analysis of the average nutrient content and N content of Populus euphratica forest of different age groups showed that the order of average N content from high to low was mature forest > overmature forest > middle age forest > young forest > near mature forest. The average contents of P and K decreased first and then increased with the increase of age group. The variance analysis showed that the age group had no significant effect on the content of N and K in Populus euphratica, but a significant effect on content of P(P=0.059). (3) With increase of age of Populus euphratica, the net productivity of forest stand decreased first, then increased and then decreased, and reached the highest in the mature forest stage, which was 3,523.65 kg/(hm²·a);The nutrient accumulation of Populus euphratica per unit area of Populus euphratica forest was the highest in mature forest (34.03 kg/(hm²·a)) and the lowest in overmature forest only 15.84 kg/(hm²·a). (15.84 kg/(hm²·a)). (4) According to second class investigation for secondary forest resources in Xinjiang, the area of Populus euphratica forest in 2014 increased by 16.29% than that in 2003, reaching 560,288.82 hm²,wherein the area of young forest and immature forest reduced, area of near-mature forest, mature forest and over-mature forest increased; the accumulated gross of N, P and K increased by 18.68% compared with that in 2003, reaching 12,619,763.76 kg/a. Among them, the quality of nutrient accumulation in mature forest was the highest, accounting for 35.67% of the total accumulation, and the young forest was the lowest, accounting for only 1.62% of the total.【Conclusion】The nutrient quality of Populus euphratica is the highest in the mature forest stage. In the conservation and ecological rehibilitation project of populus euphratica forest, it is necessary to strengthen the tending and management of other forest ages so as to provide a strong guarantee for the maintenance of ecological balance and environmental protection in the Tarim River Basin.

Key words: natural Populus euphratica forest; nutrient accumulation; conservation

中图分类号:

:S715.3

王新英, 史军辉, 刘茂秀. 塔里木河流域天然胡杨林营养积累特征及动态变化[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(6): 1036-1045.

WANG Xin-ying, SHI Jun-hui, LIU Mao-xiu. Nutrient Accumulation Characteristics and Dynamic Change of Natural Populus euphratica Forest in the Tarim River Basin[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(6): 1036-1045.

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