Abstract: [Objective] This study aims to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and their interaction on population dynamics and yield of winter wheat under different shading conditions in order to provide a theoretical basis for the high yield cultivation techniques and efficient management of nitrogen in the fruit wheat intercropping mode.[Method]Using artificial shading method to set up four shading levels: no shading (S0), jointing stage 10; shading, heading stage 25; shading (S1), jointing stage 20; shading, heading stage 50; shading (S2) and jointing stage 30; shading, heading stage 75; shading (S3).During the whole growth period, four levels of fertilization were set up: no fertilizer (F0), jointing stage (after shading) nitrogen 103.5 kg/ hm2 (F1), 138 kg/hm2 (F2) and 172.5 kg/hm2 (F3) to study the regulation effect of shading, nitrogen fertilizer and their interaction on the wheat population growth dynamics and yield.[Result]The results showed that the increase of shade intensity and nitrogen fertilizer had delayed the growth process of wheat and shading had a significant influence on the spike number and spike rate of tiller (P<0.05), and no significant effect on the highest number of stems, tillers and panicle weight proportion was found;Under the same shading condition, fertilizing significantly increased the panicle number, maximum stem number, tillering rate and tiller percentage (P<0.05).With the increase of nitrogen application, the number of grains per spike increased first and then decreased and the number of harvested panicles increased.Under the same fertilization conditions, with the increase of shade intensity the spike number, grain number and grain weight were significantly decreased, which led to the significant decrease of yield.Under no shading conditions, the yield was higher in F2 treatment.Under the (S1, S2, S3) shading conditions, there were no obvious differences in fertilization treatments.[Conclusion]Analyzing the each factor effect, we knew that different shading and nitrogen treatments produced a significant interaction effect on yield.Nitrogen fertilizer on yield showed positive effects, shading on yield showed a negative effect and the shading effect was greater than the effect of nitrogen fertilizer, which was the main factor affecting yield.Shading and nitrogen interaction had a significant effect on grain number per spike, 1,000 grain weight and yield.Under the condition of not applying fertilizer, moderate shading was favorable for wheat yield and with the increase of shading intensity, the regulation effect decreased.