Abstract: [Objective] Rice spikelet rot disease (RSRD),in the past,also known as glume blight,valley blight,smut,rice spike brown rot disease,brown panicle and so on,is a spike period disease that is caused by a variety of fungi dominated by Fusarium proliferatum.Sometimes it happens in the four major rice producing zones in Xinjiang and the incidence rate is generally in the range of 5; to 20;.[Method] The occurrence and damage of the disease was effectively controlled by using resistant varieties,adjusting heading date,and preventing and curing agents.[Result] The main infection source of this disease was identified as Fusariumtenuis.In addition,the secondary infection source of this disease was identified as Curvularialunata and Altemariatenuis.[Conclusion]The best solution to prevention and control the disease is to plant resistant cultivars.Using wettable powder of 50; prochlorazisoprothiolane (1,500 times liquid) and missible oil of 25 ; prochloraz (1,600 times liquid) as well as other insecticides to prevent and control during 5-7 days before rice heading date by foliar spraying,can significantly reduce the occurrence of this disease.