越冬休眠期罗布麻茎秆力学特性分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.07.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究越冬休眠期罗布麻植株物理特征,进行茎秆力学特性试验,为罗布麻割捆收获机的设计提供理论依据。【方法】观察和测定罗布麻株型特征及茎秆结构,通过数据统计方法分析研究茎秆直径、韧皮和加载速度对罗布麻茎秆力学特性的影响规律。【结果】越冬休眠期罗布麻茎秆形变无屈服阶段;有皮、无皮茎秆的径向压缩载荷和径向压缩弹性模量先随着直径的增大先增加后缓慢减小,且有皮茎秆均大于无皮茎秆;茎秆弯曲载荷和弹性模量随着茎秆直径的增加而分别增加和减小;剪切载荷随着茎秆直径的增加而变大,剪切能耗随着加载速度和茎秆直径的增加分别减小和增加,且随着加载速度的增加,茎秆直径对剪切能耗的影响减弱。【结论】在设计与开发罗布麻割捆收获机械时,需考虑罗布麻茎秆结构的影响和切割速度高、刀具锋力、高硬度且高耐磨材料、切割角度优化等设计原则。

关键词: 罗布麻; 越冬休眠期; 力学特性; 茎秆直径; 韧皮; 加载速度

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the physical characteristics of Apocynumapocynum and test the mechanical characteristics of stem in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the design of the Apocynum apocynum binder harvester. 【Methods】 The plant typecharacteristics and stem structure were observed and determined.Then the effects of stem diameter, phloem and loading speed on mechanical properties of Apocynum apocynum stem were studied by means of statistical data analysis. 【Results】 There was no yield stage in stem deformation during overwintering dormancy. The radial compressive load and radial compressive elastic modulus of the skinned and skinless stems first increased with the increase of diameter and then decreased slowly, and the skinned stems were larger than the skinless stems. The bending load and elastic modulus of stem increased and decreased with the increase of stem diameter. The shear load increased with the increase of stem diameter, and the shear energy consumption decreased and increased with the increase of loading speed and stem diameter, respectively. The influence of stem diameter on shear energy consumption decreases with the increase of loading speed. 【Conclusion】 It is necessary to consider the influence of stem structure, high cutting speed, tool front force, high hardness and high wear-resistant materials, cutting angle optimization and other design principles in the design and development of Apocynum apocynum binder harvester.

Key words: Apocynum apocynum L.; overwinter wilt period; mechanical properties; stem diameter; phloem; loading speed

中图分类号:

S563
S23

丁业威, 刘延彬, 杨会民, 陈毅飞, 陈挑挑, 梁振伟, 罗文杰, 王学农. 越冬休眠期罗布麻茎秆力学特性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(7): 1812-1820.

DING Yewei, LIU Yanbin, YANG Huimin, CHEN Yifei, CHEN Tiaotiao, LIANG Zhenwei, LUO Wenjie, WANG Xuenong. Study on mechanical characteristics of stem of Apocynum apocynum L. during overwintering dormancy[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(7): 1812-1820.

图/表 17

图1 罗布麻茎秆蔟丛

Fig.1 The stem cluster of Apocynum venetumL

图2 越冬休眠期茎秆结构

Fig.2 Stem structure during overwintering wilt period

表1 茎秆空腔占比

Tab.1 Proportion of stem cavity η

直径 Diameter (mm)	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD
3	0.114	0.099	0.104	0.006
4	0.209	0.149	0.184	0.024
5	0.304	0.173	0.230	0.047
6	0.351	0.207	0.284	0.053
7	0.473	0.281	0.358	0.074

图3 不同茎秆直径下茎秆空腔占比及其标准差的变化

Fig.3 Changes of stem diameter on η and its SD

图4 茎秆力学特性试验

Fig.4 Stem mechanical properties test

图5 载荷-位移曲线

Fig.5 Load - displacement curve

表2 无皮茎秆径向压缩载荷

Tab.2 The radial compression load of skinless stem

直径 Diameter (mm)	最大值 Maximum (N)	最小值 Minimum (N)	平均值 Mean (N)	标准差 SD
3	162.87	143.51	150.93	8.53
4	223.28	200.71	210.71	10.10
5	309.36	229.86	277.42	38.25
6	312.90	204.52	246.28	49.48
7	290.56	177.24	237.13	54.00

表3 有皮茎秆径向压缩载荷

Tab.3 The radial compression load of a skinned stem

直径 Diameter (mm)	最大值 Maximum (N)	最小值 Minimum (N)	平均值 Mean (N)	标准差 SD
3	189.10	155.22	165.49	15.86
4	281.41	207.71	243.97	30.32
5	433.64	324.05	387.62	51.61
6	442.14	318.75	363.62	57.59
7	389.72	264.97	328.52	63.21

图6 不同茎秆直径下径向压缩载荷的变化

Fig.6 Changes of different stem diameter on radial compression load

图7 不同茎秆直径下径向弹性模量的变化

Fig.7 Changes of different stem diameter on radial elastic modulus

表4 有皮茎秆弯曲载荷

Tab.4 The bending load of a skinned stem

直径 Diameter (mm)	最大值 Maximum (N)	最小值 Minimum (N)	平均值 Mean (N)	标准差 SD
3	22.41	18.35	20.76	1.82
4	38.10	31.55	34.59	2.90
5	53.69	42.94	49.64	4.92
6	72.38	52.61	61.53	8.19
7	100.37	74.59	85.30	10.83

图8 不同茎秆直径下弯曲载荷的变化

Fig.8 Changes of different stem diameter on bending load

图9 不同茎秆直径下弯曲弹性模量的变化

Fig.9 Changes of different stem diameter on bending elastic modulus

表5 有皮茎秆剪切载荷

Tab.5 The sheared load of a skinned stem

直径 Diameter (mm)	最大值 Maximum (N)	最小值 Minimum (N)	平均值 Mean (N)	标准差 SD
3	73.84	54.93	66.05	8.52
4	131.39	105.54	116.49	11.83
5	195.12	136.62	161.33	29.11
6	213.52	165.25	190.71	24.41
7	269.82	196.95	220.00	34.15

图10 不同茎秆直径下剪切载荷的变化

Fig.10 Changes of different stem diameter on sheared load

图11 不同茎秆直径下剪切能耗的变化

Fig.11 Changes of different stem diameter on shear energy consumption

图12 不同茎秆直径下加载速度对剪切能耗的变化

Fig.12 Changes of different loading speed on shear energy consumption under different stem diameters

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