新疆南疆四地州农业生产效率评价

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.028

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (5): 1293-1300.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.028

• 畜牧兽医·农业经济 • 上一篇

新疆南疆四地州农业生产效率评价

田聪华(), 张利召, 苗红萍, 程红梅, 王红梅, 戴俊生()

新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-10-11 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-07-09
通信作者: 戴俊生(1970-),男,新疆奎屯人,研究员,博士,研究方向为农业经济,(E-mali)daijs@xaas.ac.cn
作者简介:田聪华(1978-),女,甘肃武威人,研究员,硕士,研究方向为区域经济与产业经济,(E-mali)391253466@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目“间作模式下南疆四地州农业结构调整优化研究”(2022D01A263);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目“塔里木河流域农业结构与布局演变调查”(2021xjkk020041)

Evaluation of agricultural production efficiency in four prefectures in Southern Xinjiang

TIAN Conghua(), CENG Hongmei, ZHANG Lizhao, MIAO Hongping, WANG Hongmei, DAI Junsheng()

Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2024-10-11 Published:2025-05-20 Online:2025-07-09
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation Program of Xinjiang “Research on the Optimization of Agricultural structure Adjustment in the Four Prefectures of Southern Xinjiang under the Intercropping Model”(2022D01A263);Third Xinjiang Comprehensive Scientific Investigation Project “A survey on the Evolution of Agricultural Structure and Layout in the Tarim River Basin”(2021xjkk020041)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】基于新疆南疆四地州间作种植模式下,构建农业生产效率测度指标体系,测算农业生产综合效率、技术效率和规模效率。【方法】以2000~2021年22年面板数据为研究对象,运用DEA模型方法对农业生产效率进行分析,评价农业要素投入产出效果。【结果】(1)新疆南疆四地州农业生产综合效率为0.954,处于较高水平,可有效推动农业快速进步,但仍属于DEA非有效地区,农业投入要素冗余较多,未取得经济和社会的最佳效益。(2)投入指标效率由好到差依次为乡村劳动力人数>农作物播种面积>农业机械总动力>农村用电量>化肥施用量>农用塑料薄膜使用量>农林水事务支出。(3)规模收益总体处于递增阶段,可持续性挖掘区域生产潜力。【结论】新疆南疆四地州农业投入要素存在“过剩”,加强宏观调控将过度投入到第一产业的资源释放出来,优化资源合理配置,提升投入产出效率。(1)合理调整农业财政投入与分配比重,提高农业财政支出使用效率;(2)引导劳动力向二三产业转移。(3)持续推进化肥农药减量增效。(4)提升农业装备和信息化水平。(5)调整种植结构和种植模式,提高土地产出效率。

关键词: 间作模式; 农业生产效率; DEA方法

Abstract:

【Objective】 Based on the intercropping pattern in four prefectures of southern Xinjiang, this paper aims to construct the index system of agricultural production efficiency and calculate the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency of agricultural production. 【Methods】 Based on 22-year panel data from 2000 to 2021, DEA model method was used to analyze agricultural production efficiency and evaluate the input-output effect of agricultural factors. 【Results】 The agricultural production efficiency of the four prefectures was at a high level, which could effectively promote the rapid progress of agriculture in Xinjiang, but it was still a DEA non-active area.There were many redundant agricultural input factors, which did not achieve the best economic and social benefits. (2) The efficiency of the input index was in the order from good to bad: the number of rural labor force > the sown area of crops > the total power of agricultural machinery > rural electricity consumption > the amount of fertilizer applied > the amount of agricultural plastic film used > the expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water affairs. (3) The scale income was generally in the increasing stage, and the regional production potential could be continuously tapped【Conclusion】 There is a "surplus" of agricultural input factors in the four prefectures in southern Xinjiang, and government departments should strengthen macro-control, release the resources that have been over-invested in the primary industry, optimize the rational allocation of resources, and enhance the efficiency of inputs and outputs. They should do: (1) Rationally adjust the proportion of agricultural financial input and distribution, and optimize the rational allocation of resources, improve the efficiency of agricultural financial expenditure; (2) Guide the transfer of labor to secondary and tertiary industries.(3) Continuously promote the reduction of fertilizer and pesticide dosage and increase efficiency. (4) To improve the level of agricultural equipment and information technology.(5)Adjust planting structure and planting mode to improve the efficiency of land output.

Key words: intercropping pattern; agricultural production efficiency; DEA method

中图分类号:

田聪华, 张利召, 苗红萍, 程红梅, 王红梅, 戴俊生. 新疆南疆四地州农业生产效率评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(5): 1293-1300.

TIAN Conghua, CENG Hongmei, ZHANG Lizhao, MIAO Hongping, WANG Hongmei, DAI Junsheng. Evaluation of agricultural production efficiency in four prefectures in Southern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(5): 1293-1300.

图/表 5

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指标 Index	变量 Variable	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation	个案数 Number of cases
产出指标 Output indicators	农林牧渔业总产值y₁(10⁴元)	6 436 237.55	4 216 738.01	22
投入指标 Input index	农林水事务支出x₁(10⁴元)	1 284 015.39	1 581 452.76	22
	乡村劳动力数x₂(人)	2 911 736.91	842 184.63	22
	农村用电量x₃(10⁴kW)	162 439.93	135 619.14	22
	化肥施用量x₄(t)	576 108.26	224 429.76	22
	农用塑料薄膜使用量x₅(t)	61 267.09	23 445.17	22
	农业机械总动力x₆(10⁴kW)	568.24	308.10	22
	农作物播种总面积x₇(10⁴hm²)	174.85	48.05	22

指标 Index	变量 Variable	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation	个案数 Number of cases
产出指标 Output indicators	农林牧渔业总产值y₁(10⁴元)	6 436 237.55	4 216 738.01	22
投入指标 Input index	农林水事务支出x₁(10⁴元)	1 284 015.39	1 581 452.76	22
	乡村劳动力数x₂(人)	2 911 736.91	842 184.63	22
	农村用电量x₃(10⁴kW)	162 439.93	135 619.14	22
	化肥施用量x₄(t)	576 108.26	224 429.76	22
	农用塑料薄膜使用量x₅(t)	61 267.09	23 445.17	22
	农业机械总动力x₆(10⁴kW)	568.24	308.10	22
	农作物播种总面积x₇(10⁴hm²)	174.85	48.05	22

指标 index		农林牧渔业总产值y₁ The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery y₁	农林水事务支出x₁ Expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water services x₁	乡村劳动力数x₂ Number of rural labor force x₂	农村用电量x₃ Rural electricity consumption x₃	化肥施用量x₄ The amount of chemical fertilizer applied x₄	农用塑料薄膜使用量x₅ Agricultural plastic film usage x₅	农业机械总动力x₆ Total power of agricultural machinery x₆	农作物播种总面积x₇ Total sown area of crops x₇
农林牧渔业总产值y₁ The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery y₁	相关性	1	0.891^**	0.962^**	0.976^**	0.940^**	0.879^**	0.981^**	0.925^**
	显著性		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
农林水事务支出x₁ Expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water services x₁	相关性	0.891^**	1	0.883^**	0.912^**	0.835^**	0.756^**	0.900^**	0.776^**
	显著性	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
乡村劳动力数x₂ Number of rural labor force x₂	相关性	0.962^**	0.883^**	1	0.955^**	0.978^**	0.934^**	0.993^**	0.955^**
乡村劳动力数x₂ Number of rural labor force x₂	显著性	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
农村用电量x₃ Rural electricity consumption x₃	相关性	0.976^**	0.912^**	0.955^**	1	0.912^**	0.879^**	0.976^**	0.923^**
农村用电量x₃ Rural electricity consumption x₃	显著性	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
化肥施用量x₄ The amount of chemical fertilizer applied x₄	相关性	0.940^**	0.835^**	0.978^**	0.912^**	1	0.962^**	0.975^**	0.962^**
化肥施用量x₄ The amount of chemical fertilizer applied x₄	显著性	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000
农用塑料薄膜使用量x₅ Agricultural plastic film usage x₅	相关性	0.879^**	0.756^**	0.934^**	0.879^**	0.962^**	1	0.928^**	0.963^**
农用塑料薄膜使用量x₅ Agricultural plastic film usage x₅	显著性	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000
农业机械总动力x₆ Total power of agricultural machinery x₆	相关性	0.981^**	0.900^**	0.993^**	0.976^**	0.975^**	0.928^**	1	0.960^**
农业机械总动力x₆ Total power of agricultural machinery x₆	显著性	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000
农作物播种总面积x₇ Total sown area of crops x₇	相关性	0.925^**	0.776^**	0.955^**	0.923^**	0.962^**	0.963^**	0.960^**	1
农作物播种总面积x₇ Total sown area of crops x₇	显著性	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

指标 index		农林牧渔业总产值y₁ The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery y₁	农林水事务支出x₁ Expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water services x₁	乡村劳动力数x₂ Number of rural labor force x₂	农村用电量x₃ Rural electricity consumption x₃	化肥施用量x₄ The amount of chemical fertilizer applied x₄	农用塑料薄膜使用量x₅ Agricultural plastic film usage x₅	农业机械总动力x₆ Total power of agricultural machinery x₆	农作物播种总面积x₇ Total sown area of crops x₇
农林牧渔业总产值y₁ The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery y₁	相关性	1	0.891^**	0.962^**	0.976^**	0.940^**	0.879^**	0.981^**	0.925^**
	显著性		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
农林水事务支出x₁ Expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water services x₁	相关性	0.891^**	1	0.883^**	0.912^**	0.835^**	0.756^**	0.900^**	0.776^**
	显著性	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
乡村劳动力数x₂ Number of rural labor force x₂	相关性	0.962^**	0.883^**	1	0.955^**	0.978^**	0.934^**	0.993^**	0.955^**
乡村劳动力数x₂ Number of rural labor force x₂	显著性	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
农村用电量x₃ Rural electricity consumption x₃	相关性	0.976^**	0.912^**	0.955^**	1	0.912^**	0.879^**	0.976^**	0.923^**
农村用电量x₃ Rural electricity consumption x₃	显著性	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
化肥施用量x₄ The amount of chemical fertilizer applied x₄	相关性	0.940^**	0.835^**	0.978^**	0.912^**	1	0.962^**	0.975^**	0.962^**
化肥施用量x₄ The amount of chemical fertilizer applied x₄	显著性	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000
农用塑料薄膜使用量x₅ Agricultural plastic film usage x₅	相关性	0.879^**	0.756^**	0.934^**	0.879^**	0.962^**	1	0.928^**	0.963^**
农用塑料薄膜使用量x₅ Agricultural plastic film usage x₅	显著性	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000
农业机械总动力x₆ Total power of agricultural machinery x₆	相关性	0.981^**	0.900^**	0.993^**	0.976^**	0.975^**	0.928^**	1	0.960^**
农业机械总动力x₆ Total power of agricultural machinery x₆	显著性	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000
农作物播种总面积x₇ Total sown area of crops x₇	相关性	0.925^**	0.776^**	0.955^**	0.923^**	0.962^**	0.963^**	0.960^**	1
农作物播种总面积x₇ Total sown area of crops x₇	显著性	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

区域Region	Crste	Vrste	Scale
新疆南疆四地州 Four prefectures in Southern Xinjiang	0.954	0.969	0.984
阿克苏地区 Aksu region	0.913	0.930	0.980
克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州 Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture	0.959	0.973	0.986
喀什地区 Kashgar Region	0.980	0.986	0.994
和田地区 Hotan Region	0.962	0.986	0.975

新疆南疆四地州农业生产效率评价

Evaluation of agricultural production efficiency in four prefectures in Southern Xinjiang

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Metrics

年份 Years	阿克苏地区 Aksu Region				克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州 Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture				喀什地区 Kashgar Region				和田地区 Hotan Region
年份 Years	Crste	Vrste	Scale	Rs	Crste	Vrste	Scale	Rs	Crste	Vrste	Scale	Rs	Crste	Vrste	Scale	Rs
2000	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-
2001	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	0.979	1	0.979	irs	0.995	0.995	1	irs
2002	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	0.997	1	0.997	irs	1	1	1	-
2003	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-
2004	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-
2005	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	0.984	1	0.984	irs	1	1	1	-
2006	0.984	0.984	0.999	irs	0.97	1	0.97	irs	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-
2007	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-
2008	0.848	0.875	0.969	irs	0.954	0.956	0.998	irs	1	1	1	-	0.969	1	0.969	irs
2009	0.901	0.903	0.998	irs	0.89	0.922	0.965	irs	1	1	1	-	0.916	0.975	0.939	irs
2010	0.953	0.954	0.999	irs	0.837	0.876	0.956	irs	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-
2011	0.872	0.873	0.999	irs	0.882	0.926	0.952	irs	1	1	1	-	0.975	0.991	0.984	irs
2012	0.844	0.888	0.95	irs	0.884	0.904	0.977	irs	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-
2013	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-
2014	0.904	0.916	0.987	irs	0.93	0.931	0.999	irs	1	1	1	-	0.953	0.955	0.997	drs
2015	0.988	1	0.988	irs	0.951	0.977	0.973	irs	0.986	0.986	1	irs	0.932	0.983	0.948	drs
2016	0.69	0.72	0.958	irs	0.953	0.977	0.975	irs	0.934	0.938	0.996	irs	0.888	0.912	0.974	irs
2017	0.589	0.681	0.865	irs	0.959	1	0.959	irs	0.94	0.951	0.988	irs	0.734	0.902	0.813	irs
2018	0.87	0.916	0.949	irs	1	1	1	-	0.966	0.97	0.996	drs	0.826	0.981	0.842	irs
2019	0.795	0.854	0.931	irs	1	1	1	-	0.892	0.919	0.971	irs	1	1	1	-
2020	0.857	0.891	0.962	irs	0.897	0.932	0.962	irs	0.885	0.923	0.958	irs	0.985	1	0.985	irs
2021	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	-

指标 Indexes	投入
指标 Indexes	农林水事务支出S⁺(万元) Expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water services (10⁴yuan)	乡村劳动力数S⁺(人) Number of rural labor force (person)	农村用电量 S⁺(万千瓦) Rural electricity consumption (10⁴kW/h)	化肥施用量S⁺(吨) Rural electricity consumption (t)	农用塑料薄膜使用量S⁺(吨) Agricultural plastic film usage (t)	农业机械总动力 S⁺(万千瓦) Total power of agricultural machinery (10⁴kW/h)	农作物播种总面积 S⁺(万公顷) Total sown area of crops (10⁴hm²)
合计 Total	150 303.909	35 494.664	8 394.291	29 808.632	5 547.887	20.574	3.415
阿克苏地区 Aksu Region	45 760.622	7 951.969	776.278	22 055.626	2 975.625	5.049	1.325
克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州 Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture	5 693.687	2 597.188	0.000	390.650	37.484	0.413	0.068
喀什地区 Kashgar Region	98 274.589	16 946.119	2 894.136	6 719.036	2 217.927	12.976	1.770
和田地区 Hotan Region	575.011	7 999.388	4 723.877	643.320	316.851	2.136	0.253

[1]	王成;赵多勇;周晓龙;孙涛;杨莲;周俊;师昕;卫阳;朱东辉. 果棉间作模式下库尔勒香梨农药残留分析研究[J]. , 2014, 51(11): 2030-2037.
[2]	何景雪;陈彤;刘国勇. 南疆三地州枣粮棉不同间作模式经济效益分析[J]. , 2014, 51(1): 183-189.
[3]	阿克旦·吾外士;刘建;图荪江·伊敏托合提;刘午玲;安尼瓦尔·库尔班. 果农间作模式下核桃主要害虫、天敌及其田间及其消长规律研究[J]. , 2013, 50(4): 655-661.