新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (12): 3105-3112.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.026
苏楠1(), 马桢2, 王骁1,3, 陈文中1, 张雨夏1, 刘武军1(
), 闫向民2(
)
收稿日期:
2024-05-30
出版日期:
2024-12-20
发布日期:
2025-01-16
通信作者:
刘武军(1966-),女,河南人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为动物遗传与育种,(E-mail)lwj_ws@163.com;作者简介:
苏楠(1998-),男,新疆乌苏人,硕士,研究方向为动物遗传与育种,(E-mail)3132162739@qq.com
基金资助:
SU Nan1(), MA Zen2, WANG Xiao1,3, CHEN Wenzhong1, ZHANG Yuxia1, LIU Wujun1(
), YAN Xiangming2(
)
Received:
2024-05-30
Published:
2024-12-20
Online:
2025-01-16
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】 研究栓系和散栏2种饲养方式对新疆褐牛不同肌肉部位肌纤维和肉品质特性的影响。【方法】 试验选取20头30月龄健康状态良好的栓系新疆褐牛和散栏新疆褐牛分成2组,各10头,采集栓系和散放3个部位肌肉(冈上肌、背最长肌、半腱肌)试验肉品质,分析其剪切力、pH值、色差、蒸煮损失和肌纤维特性的差异。【结果】 (1)散栏新疆褐牛的屠宰率、净肉率和肉骨比极显著高于栓系新疆褐牛(P<0.01),净肉重显著高于栓系新疆褐牛(P<0.05),2种饲养方式新疆褐牛的宰前活重、胴体重比例均不显著(P>0.05)。(2)栓系新疆褐牛与散放新疆褐牛冈上肌(GS)相比,蒸煮损失率,肉色L*、a*、b*极显著的低于散放新疆褐牛(P<0.01);系水力、pH值极显著的高于散放新疆褐牛(P<0.01);剪切力两组差异不显著(P>0.05)。栓系新疆褐牛与散放新疆褐牛背最长肌(BZ)相比,肉色L*、a*显著低于散放新疆褐牛(P<0.05);剪切力极显著高于散放新疆褐牛(P<0.01);蒸煮损失率,系水力,pH值和肉色b*两组差异不显著(P>0.05)。栓系新疆褐牛与散放新疆褐牛半腱肌(BJ)相比,肉色L*、b*极显著低于散放新疆褐牛(P<0.01);蒸煮损失率,系水力,剪切力,pH值和肉色a*两组差异不显著(P>0.05)。3个肌肉部位肉的硬度、弹性和回复性均不显著(P>0.05)。(3)肌纤维直径、肌纤维面积和肌纤维密度3个部位肉均不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】 与栓系相比,新疆褐牛散栏饲养更有利于改善其屠宰性能,其次散栏饲养的新疆褐牛冈上肌(GS)和背最长肌(BZ)的嫩度和多汁性更好,肉的颜色更鲜红。
中图分类号:
苏楠, 马桢, 王骁, 陈文中, 张雨夏, 刘武军, 闫向民. 不同饲养方式对新疆褐牛屠宰性能和肉品质特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(12): 3105-3112.
SU Nan, MA Zen, WANG Xiao, CHEN Wenzhong, ZHANG Yuxia, LIU Wujun, YAN Xiangming. Study on the differences of slaughter performance and meat quality characteristics of Xinjiang Brown Cattle by different feeding methods[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(12): 3105-3112.
项目 Items | 栓系 Tethered system | 散栏 Scattered column | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|
宰前活重Live weight before slaughter | 747.6±52.32 | 700.8±75.00 | 0.123 |
胴体重Carcass weight | 433.03±30.25 | 434.45±44.85 | 0.935 |
净肉重Meat weight | 291.03±13.95 | 317.56±34.69* | 0.045 |
肉骨比Meat-bone ratio | 4.29±0.35 | 4.98±0.35** | <0.01 |
屠宰率Dressing percentage | 57.94±1.50 | 62.03±1.37** | <0.01 |
净肉率Net meat percentage | 39.00±1.58 | 45.31±0.89** | <0.01 |
表 1 栓系和散栏饲养方式下新疆褐牛屠宰性能的变化
Tab.1 Changes of Tied and Loose pen Feeding Methods on the Slaughtering Performance of Xinjiang Brown Cattle
项目 Items | 栓系 Tethered system | 散栏 Scattered column | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|
宰前活重Live weight before slaughter | 747.6±52.32 | 700.8±75.00 | 0.123 |
胴体重Carcass weight | 433.03±30.25 | 434.45±44.85 | 0.935 |
净肉重Meat weight | 291.03±13.95 | 317.56±34.69* | 0.045 |
肉骨比Meat-bone ratio | 4.29±0.35 | 4.98±0.35** | <0.01 |
屠宰率Dressing percentage | 57.94±1.50 | 62.03±1.37** | <0.01 |
净肉率Net meat percentage | 39.00±1.58 | 45.31±0.89** | <0.01 |
项目 Items | 栓系GS Tethering GS | 散放GS Scattered column GS | 栓系BZ Tethering BZ | 散放BZ Scattered column BZ | 栓系BJ Tethering BJ | 散放BJ Scattered column BJ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
蒸煮损失率 Cooking loss rate | 28.92±4.24 | 35.53±3.62** | 31.17±2.64 | 29.44±2.27 | 34.53±3.02 | 33.53±2.56 | |
失水率 Water loss rate | 62.59±2.47** | 58.57±3.12 | 62.72±3.24 | 64.50±1.66 | 60.01±2.75 | 59.62±2.81 | |
剪切力 Shear force | 60.78±16.25 | 70.74±15.93 | 103.20±21.33* | 82.02±23.61 | 79.68±13.46 | 82.46±15.52 | |
pH值 pH value | 5.83±0.18** | 5.60±0.12 | 5.47±0.12 | 5.47±0.03 | 5.57±0.18 | 5.51±0.05 | |
肉色 Flesh | L* | 30.92±0.77 | 34.24±1.53** | 31.52±1.77 | 33.07±1.52* | 35.01±2.10 | 40.86±1.91** |
a* | 18.53±1.09 | 20.95±1.10** | 18.11±1.59 | 20.15±1.74* | 22.99±1.64 | 24.36±1.71 | |
b* | 4.77±0.53 | 6.14±0.76** | 5.31±1.05 | 6.19±1.10 | 8.30±0.96 | 10.08±1.50** | |
硬度 Hardness | 20.10±18.42 | 19.72±19.36 | 9.52±1.67 | 6.83±4.34 | 7.04±8.72 | 10.60±6.72 | |
弹性 Elasticity | 77.66±6.40 | 81.73±6.28 | 70.81±5.66 | 70.97±7.88 | 87.94±2.24 | 92.88±7.90 | |
回复性 Resilience | 38.97±6.72 | 41.17±5.93 | 41.73±0.83 | 39.02±5.52 | 61.70±5.82 | 66.12±10.05 | |
肌间脂肪 Intramuscular fat | - | - | 11.48±3.03** | 5.57±0.99 | - | - | |
水分 Moisture content | 73.78±1.04 | 74.39±1.20 | 70.69±1.51 | 71±1.57 | 72.77±1.64 | 73.77±1.07 | |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 22.57±2.48 | 22.64±2.89 | 25.17±1.79 | 25.98±1.57 | 24.97±1.44 | 24.5±2.83 | |
粗脂肪 Crude fat | 1.24±0.28 | 1.3±0.44 | 1.86±0.84 | 1.46±1.00 | 1.69±1.18 | 1.24±0.27 |
表 2 栓系和散栏饲养方式下新疆褐牛不同肌肉部位肉品质及营养特性的变化
Tab.2 Changes of different feeding methods on the meat quality and nutritional characteristics of different muscle parts of Xinjiang brown cattle
项目 Items | 栓系GS Tethering GS | 散放GS Scattered column GS | 栓系BZ Tethering BZ | 散放BZ Scattered column BZ | 栓系BJ Tethering BJ | 散放BJ Scattered column BJ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
蒸煮损失率 Cooking loss rate | 28.92±4.24 | 35.53±3.62** | 31.17±2.64 | 29.44±2.27 | 34.53±3.02 | 33.53±2.56 | |
失水率 Water loss rate | 62.59±2.47** | 58.57±3.12 | 62.72±3.24 | 64.50±1.66 | 60.01±2.75 | 59.62±2.81 | |
剪切力 Shear force | 60.78±16.25 | 70.74±15.93 | 103.20±21.33* | 82.02±23.61 | 79.68±13.46 | 82.46±15.52 | |
pH值 pH value | 5.83±0.18** | 5.60±0.12 | 5.47±0.12 | 5.47±0.03 | 5.57±0.18 | 5.51±0.05 | |
肉色 Flesh | L* | 30.92±0.77 | 34.24±1.53** | 31.52±1.77 | 33.07±1.52* | 35.01±2.10 | 40.86±1.91** |
a* | 18.53±1.09 | 20.95±1.10** | 18.11±1.59 | 20.15±1.74* | 22.99±1.64 | 24.36±1.71 | |
b* | 4.77±0.53 | 6.14±0.76** | 5.31±1.05 | 6.19±1.10 | 8.30±0.96 | 10.08±1.50** | |
硬度 Hardness | 20.10±18.42 | 19.72±19.36 | 9.52±1.67 | 6.83±4.34 | 7.04±8.72 | 10.60±6.72 | |
弹性 Elasticity | 77.66±6.40 | 81.73±6.28 | 70.81±5.66 | 70.97±7.88 | 87.94±2.24 | 92.88±7.90 | |
回复性 Resilience | 38.97±6.72 | 41.17±5.93 | 41.73±0.83 | 39.02±5.52 | 61.70±5.82 | 66.12±10.05 | |
肌间脂肪 Intramuscular fat | - | - | 11.48±3.03** | 5.57±0.99 | - | - | |
水分 Moisture content | 73.78±1.04 | 74.39±1.20 | 70.69±1.51 | 71±1.57 | 72.77±1.64 | 73.77±1.07 | |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 22.57±2.48 | 22.64±2.89 | 25.17±1.79 | 25.98±1.57 | 24.97±1.44 | 24.5±2.83 | |
粗脂肪 Crude fat | 1.24±0.28 | 1.3±0.44 | 1.86±0.84 | 1.46±1.00 | 1.69±1.18 | 1.24±0.27 |
项目 Items | 肌纤维总数 Total number of muscle fibers | 肌纤维直径 Muscle fiber diameter(mm) | 肌纤维面积 Muscle fiber area (mm2) | 肌纤维密度 Muscle fiber density (n/mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
栓系GS Tethering GS | 33.2±7.97 | 0.056±0.006 | 0.062±0.005 | 548.733±163.95 |
散栏GS Scattered column GS | 42.1±10.24* | 0.052±0.007 | 0.12±0.124 | 583.003±168.02 |
栓系BZ Tethering BZ | 29.4±6.66 | 0.059±0.004 | 0.068±0.01 | 434.965±65.36 |
散栏BZ Scattered column BZ | 38±4.19** | 0.053±0.007 | 0.080±0.02 | 503.622±113.91 |
栓系BJ Tethering BJ | 25.8±6.07 | 0.066±0.008 | 0.0712±0.01 | 364.517±52.86 |
散栏BJ Scattered column BJ | 26.1±5.45 | 0.062±0.009 | 0.0722±0.013 | 377.646±96.99 |
表 3 不同饲养方式下新疆褐牛不同肌肉部位肌纤维特性的变化
Tab.3 Changes of Different Feeding Methods on the Characteristics of Muscle Fibers in Different Muscle Parts of Xinjiang Brown Cattle
项目 Items | 肌纤维总数 Total number of muscle fibers | 肌纤维直径 Muscle fiber diameter(mm) | 肌纤维面积 Muscle fiber area (mm2) | 肌纤维密度 Muscle fiber density (n/mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
栓系GS Tethering GS | 33.2±7.97 | 0.056±0.006 | 0.062±0.005 | 548.733±163.95 |
散栏GS Scattered column GS | 42.1±10.24* | 0.052±0.007 | 0.12±0.124 | 583.003±168.02 |
栓系BZ Tethering BZ | 29.4±6.66 | 0.059±0.004 | 0.068±0.01 | 434.965±65.36 |
散栏BZ Scattered column BZ | 38±4.19** | 0.053±0.007 | 0.080±0.02 | 503.622±113.91 |
栓系BJ Tethering BJ | 25.8±6.07 | 0.066±0.008 | 0.0712±0.01 | 364.517±52.86 |
散栏BJ Scattered column BJ | 26.1±5.45 | 0.062±0.009 | 0.0722±0.013 | 377.646±96.99 |
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