棉秆炭对灰漠土活性有机碳氮的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.07.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究棉秆炭炭化条件对灰漠土土壤基本理化性质和活性有机碳氮的影响,为西北干旱区棉花秸秆生物炭在灰漠土土壤上改良和应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用室内恒温培养法,研究棉秆炭定量施入对灰漠土土壤基本理化性质和活性有机碳氮的影响。【结果】添加棉秆炭提高了土壤pH值、电导率和有机碳含量,相比CK处理分别提高了1.48%~2.65%、25.62%~39.61%和54.99%~213.09%;T₄H₀、T₄H₄、T₆H₀、T₆H₂和T₆H₄ 处理土壤微生物量氮较CK处理含量增加了67.73%、9.38%、95.49%、5.21%和6.90%,添加棉秆炭降低了土壤微生物量碳和CEC(T₄H₀除外)27.89%~49.50%和0.08%~5.12%,T₄H₁、T₆H₁、T₆H₄处理提高土壤可溶性有机碳总含量,其他处理降低了土壤可溶性有机碳总含量;随着炭化温度和炭化时间的增长,土壤pH值增加。炭化时间一致,炭化温度升高,降低土壤CEC、有机碳含量,提高土壤微生物量氮、可溶性有机碳含量,炭化处理间炭化时间过短或长(0.5、4 h)提高土壤微生物量碳。炭化温度高时(600℃),炭化时间影响土壤pH值和有机碳含量。【结论】低温短时间(450℃,1 h)制备的棉秆炭对灰漠土理化性质和活性有机碳氮变化影响较好,是较适宜的炭化处理。

关键词: 棉秆炭; 炭化条件; 灰漠土; 可溶性有机碳; 微生物量碳氮

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of carbonization conditions of cotton stalk charcoal on the basic physiochemical properties and active organic carbon and nitrogen of ash desert soil in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the improvement and application of cotton stalk biochar in ash desert soil in northwest China. 【Methods】 The effects of quantitative application of cotton stalk carbon on basic physiochemical properties and active organic carbon and nitrogen in ash desert soil were studied by indoor constant temperature culture method. 【Results】 Adding cotton stem carbon increased soil pH value, electrical conductivity and organic carbon content, which were increased by 1.48%-2.65%, 25.62%-39.61% and 54.99%-213.09% compared with CK, respectively. Soil microbial biomass nitrogen in some treatments (H₀, H₄ and T6H₂) was increased by 5.21%-95.49% compared with CK, and soil microbial biomass carbon and CEC (except T₄H₀)were decreased by 27.89-49.50% and 0.08%-5.12%, respectively.T₄H₁, T₆H₁ and T₆H₄ treatments increased the total soil soluble organic carbon content, while other treatments decreased the total soil soluble organic carbon content. With the increase of carbonization temperature and carbonization time, the soil pH value increased. The carbonization time was the same, the carbonization temperature increased, the soil CEC and organic carbon content decreased, and the soil microbial biomass nitrogen and soluble organic carbon content increased. The carbonization time was too short or too long (0.5 h, 4 h) between the carbonization treatments to increase the soil microbial biomass carbon. When the carbonization temperature was high (600℃), the carbonization time affected the soil pH value and organic carbon content. 【Conclusion】 Based on the comprehensive analysis, the cotton stalk charcoal prepared at low temperature for a short time (450℃, 1h) has a good effect on the physiochemical properties and the changes of active organic carbon and nitrogen of ash desert soil, and it is a more suitable carbonization treatment.

Key words: cotton stalk carbon; carbonization conditions; gray desert soil; soluble organic carbon; microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen

中图分类号:

潘金龙, 唐光木, 徐万里, 马雪琴, 张云舒, 马海刚, 贾宏涛. 棉秆炭对灰漠土活性有机碳氮的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(7): 1615-1624.

PAN Jinlong, TANG Guangmu, XU Wangli, MA Xueqin, ZHANG Yunshu, MA Haigang, JIA Hongtao. Effects of Cotton Stalk Charcoal on Active Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Ash Desert Soil[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(7): 1615-1624.

图/表 8

表1 棉秆炭的基本性质

Table 1 Basic properties of cotton stalk carbon

炭化温度 Carbonized temperature (℃)	炭化时间 Carbonized time (h)	pH	电导 EC (ms/cm)	有机碳 Organic C (g/kg)	碱解氮 Available N (mg/kg)	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	CEC (cmol(+)/kg)
450	0.5	10.45±0.01	4.61±0.09	42.87±1.01	14.00±0.00	27.40±1.65	17.65±0.90
450	1	10.48±0.01	3.70±0.04	47.46±1.51	5.83±1.01	26.71±1.46	12.65±0.50
450	2	10.37±0.01	4.52±0.07	38.00±0.44	16.63±0.88	24.55±5.93	11.75±0.00
450	4	10.45±0.02	4.50±0.13	44.12±8.12	9.63±0.88	25.17±1.79	8.42±0.31
600	0.5	10.43±0.01	7.58±0.10	27.64±0.37	14.00±3.03	18.76±1.91	6.62±0.82
600	1	10.48±0.03	8.45±0.07	26.83±1.85	3.50±0.00	25.20±0.64	5.52±0.71
600	2	10.63±0.02	8.76±0.14	29.21±2.49	13.13±0.88	21.80±1.25	3.95±0.20
600	4	10.52±0.03	7.33±0.06	27.30±2.65	3.50±0.00	24.95±1.42	4.60±0.15

图1 不同棉秆炭处理下土壤pH变化

Fig.1 Influence of cotton stalk carbon on soil pH

图2 不同棉秆炭处理下土壤电导率变化

Fig.2 Effects of cotton stalk carbon on soil conductivity

图3 不同棉秆炭处理下土壤CEC变化

Fig.3 Influence of cotton stalk carbon on soil CEC

图4 不同棉秆炭处理下土壤有机碳变化

Fig.4 Influence of cotton stalk carbon on soil organic carbon

图5 不同棉秆炭处理下土壤微生物量碳变化

Fig.5 Effects of cotton stalk carbon on soil microbial biomass Carbon

图6 不同棉秆炭处理下土壤微生物量氮变化

Fig.6 Effects of cotton stalk carbon on soil microbial biomass Nitrogen

图7 不同棉秆炭处理下土壤可溶性有机碳变化

Fig.7 Effects of cotton stalk carbon on soil soluble organic carbon

参考文献 31

[1]	李伟, 王巧珍, 刘小飞, 等. 森林转换对土壤可溶性有机碳和微生物生物量碳的影响[J]. 亚热带资源与环境学报, 2015, 10 (1) : 43-50.
	LI Wei, WANG Qiaozhen, LIU Xiaofei, et al. Effects of forest conversion on soil dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon in subtropical China[J]. Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment, 2015, 10(1): 43-50.
[2]	Michalzik B, Kalbitz K, Park J H, et al. Fluxes and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen:A synthesis for temperate forests[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2001,(52):173-205.
[3]	Jaffrain J, Gérard F, Meyer M, et al. Assessing the quality of dissolved organic matter in forest soils using ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2007,(71): 1851-1858.
[4]	沈宏, 曹志洪, 胡正义. 土壤活性有机碳的表征及其生态效应[J]. 生态学杂志, 1999, 18(3):33-39.
	SHEN Hong, CAO Zhihong, HU Zhengyi. Characteristics and ecological effects of the active organic carbon in soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 1999, 18 (3) : 32-38.
[5]	Chantigny M. Dissolved and water-extractable organic matter in soils: a review on the influence of land use and management practices[J]. Geoderma, 2003,(113): 357-380.
[6]	Parfitt R L, Yeates G W, Ross D J, et al. Relationships between soil biota,nitrogen and phosphorus availability,and pasture growth under organic and conventional management[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2005,(28): 1-13.
[7]	Benbi D K, Brar K, Toor A S, et al. Soil carbon pools under poplar-based agroforestry, rice-wheat, and maize-wheat cropping systems in semi-arid India[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2012, 92(1): 107-118. DOI URL
[8]	Parfitt R L, Yeates G W, Ross D J, et al. Relationships between soil biota,nitrogen and phosphorus availability,and pasture growth under organic and conventional management[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2005,(28): 1-13.
[9]	Antal M J, Gronli M. The art, science and technology of charcoal production. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2003, 42:1619-1640.
[10]	陈温福, 张伟明, 孟军. 农用生物炭研究进展与前景[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46 (16) :3324-3333.
	CHEN Wenfu, ZHANG Weiming, MENG Jun. Advances and prospects in research of biochar utilization in agriculture[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(16):3324-3333.
[11]	Lu T, Yuan H R, Wang Y Z, et al. Characteristic of heavy metals in biochar derived from sewage sludge[J]. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2016, 18(4):725-733. DOI URL
[12]	冯雷, 唐光木, 徐万里, 等. 棉秆炭施用方式对新疆灰漠土棉花生长及土壤性质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(1):188-195.
	FENG Lei, TANG Guangmu, XU Wanli, et al. Cottonbiochar application impact on the cotton growth and gray desert soil property in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2019, 34(1):188-195.
[13]	张云舒, 唐光木, 龙晓双, 等. 施用小麦秸秆炭对灌耕风沙土土壤养分含量及玉米产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(9):1677-1683. DOI
	ZHANG Yunshu, TANG Guangmu, LONG Xiaoshuang, et al. Effects of wheat biochar on soil nutrition content and corn yield of irrigation Wind-Sandy soil[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56 (9):1677-1683. DOI
[14]	侯艳艳, 朱新萍, 徐万里, 等. 施用生物炭对灰漠土养分及棉花生长的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(1):24-32. DOI
	HOU Yanyan, ZHU Xinping, XU Wanli, et al. Effects of biocar application on nutrient and cotton growth in gray desert soil[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(1):24-32. DOI
[15]	唐光木, 葛春辉, 徐万里, 等. 施用生物黑炭对新疆灰漠土肥力与玉米生长的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2011, 30(9):1797-1802.
	TANG Guangmu, GE Chunhui, XU Wanli, et al. Effect of applying biochar on the quality of grey desert soil and maize cropping in Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2011, 30(9):1797-1802.
[16]	唐光木, 徐万里, 顾美英, 等. 棉秆炭特性及其对灰漠土土壤有机碳矿化的效应[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(5):1795-1803.
	TANG Guangmu, XU Wanli, GU Meiying, et al. Characteristics of cotton stalk-char and its effect on organic carbon mineralization in grey desert soil[J]. ActaEcologicaSinica, 2019, 39(5):1795-1803.
[17]	刘玉学, 王耀锋, 吕豪豪, 等. 不同稻秆炭和竹炭施用水平对小青菜产量、品质以及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(6) :1438-1444.
	LIU Yuxue, WANG Yaofeng, LV Haohao, et al. Effects of different application rates of rice straw biochar and bamboo biochar on yield and quality of greengrocery (Brassica chinensis) and soil properties[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2013, 19(6) :1438-1444.
[18]	陈心想, 何绪生, 耿增超, 等. 生物炭对不同土壤化学性质、小麦和糜子产量的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(20) :6534-6542.
	CHEN Xinxiang, HE Xusheng, GENG Zengchao, et al. Effects of biochar on selected soil chemical properties and on wheat and millet yield[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(20) :6534-6542. DOI URL
[19]	孙涛, 李典鹏, 闫翠侠, 等. 热解温度和时间对秸秆生物质炭特性的影响[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2019, 33(12):110-116.
	SUN Tao, LI Dianpeng, YAN Cuixia, et al. Effect of pyrolysis temperature and time on the properties of straw biochar[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2019, 33(12):110-116.
[20]	姚红宇, 唐光木, 葛春辉, 等. 炭化温度和时间与棉秆炭特性及元素组成的相关关系[J]. 农业工程学报, 2013, 29(7):199-206.
	YAO Hongyu, TANG Guangmu, GE Chunhui, et al. Characteristics and elementary composition of cotton stalk-char in different carbonization temperature and time[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(7):199-206.
[21]	王月玲, 耿增超, 王强, 等. 生物炭对塿土土壤温室气体及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2016, 37(9):3634-3641.
	WANG Yueling, GENG Zengchao, WANG Qiang, et al. Influence of Biochar on Greenhouse Gases Emissions and Physico-chemical Properties of Loess Soil[J]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(9):3634-3641.
[22]	赵世翔, 于小玲, 李忠徽, 等. 不同温度制备的生物质炭对土壤有机碳及其组分的影响:对土壤活性有机碳的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(1):333-342.
	ZHAO Shixiang, YU Xiaoling, LI Zhonghui, et al. Effects of biocharpyrolyzed at varying temperatures on soil organic carbon and its components: influence on the soil active organic carbon[J]. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(1): 333-342.
[23]	袁金华, 徐仁扣. 稻壳制备的生物质炭对红壤和黄棕壤酸度的改良效果[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2010, 26 (5):472-476.
	YUAN Jinhua, XU Renkou. Effects of rice-hull-based biochar regulating acidity of red soil and yellow brown soil[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2010, 26(5):472-476.
[24]	唐光木, 姚红宇, 蒲胜海, 等. 棉秆炭对灰漠土性质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2015, 52(9): 1680-1686.
	TANG Guangmu, YAO Hongyu, PU Shenghai, et al. Effects of cotton stalk- char on properties of gray desert soil[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 52(9):1680-1686.
[25]	姚红宇. 棉秆炭特性对灰漠土氮肥转化及利用率的影响[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2014.
	YAO Hongyu. Effects of cotton stalk biochar carbon characteristics on the nitrogen transition and utilization in grey desert soil[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2014.
[26]	张红美, 李坷, 陈明鸽, 等. 炭化温度对南疆沙化土壤理化性能影响[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2019, 19(18):123-127.
	ZHANG Hongmei, LI Ke, CHEN Mingge, et al. Effect of carbonization temperature on physicochemical properties of sandy soil in southern Xinjiang[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2019, 19(18):123-127.
[27]	秦蓓, 徐万里, 姚红宇, 等. 炭化温度和时间对葡萄枝条炭和棉秆炭特性的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2017, 26(11):1672-1680.
	QIN Bei, XU Wangli, YAO Hongyu, et al. Effects of carbonization temperature and time on characteristics of vitisvinifera and cotton stalk-chars[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2017, 26(11):1672-1680.
[28]	张进红, 林启美, 赵小蓉, 等. 水热炭化温度和时间对鸡粪生物质炭性质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(24):239-244.
	ZHANG Jinhong, LIN Qimei, ZHAO Xiaorong, et al. Effect of hydrothermal carbonization temperature and time on characteristics of bio-chars from chicken manure[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(24):239-244.
[29]	Laird D A, Fleming P, Davis D D, et al. Impact of biochar Amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil[J]. Geoderma, 2010, 158(3-4):443-449. DOI URL
[30]	刘若琪, 刘薇, 袁利, 等. 不同改良剂对植烟土壤微生物特征和酶活性的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2020, 38(5):520-527.
	LIU Ruoqi, LIU Wei, YUAN Li, et al. Effects of Different Amendments on soil microbial characteristics and enzyme activities in tobacco planting soil[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2020, 38(5):520-527.
[31]	李影, 李斌, 柳东阳, 等. 生物炭配施菌肥对植烟土壤养分和可溶性有机碳氮光谱特征的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(6):227-234.
	LI Ying, LI Bin, LIU Dongyang, JIANG Guiying, et al. Effects of bio-bacteria-fertilizer combined with biochar on soil properties and dissolved soil N and CUV spectral characteristics in tobacco growing soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2018, 33(6):227-234.

编辑推荐

Metrics

阅读次数

全文

HTML			PDF

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版	最新录用	在线预览	正式出版
0	0	23	0	0	40

来源	本网站	其他网站

次数	47	16
比例	75%	25%

摘要

1426

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版

0	0	1426

来源	本网站	其他网站

次数	1316	110
比例	92%	8%