新疆耕地土壤氮磷钾养分供应量分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究新疆地区土壤养分供应量,为新疆耕地质量评价提供基础数据。【方法】 收集新疆自2000年至2019年文献土壤养分供应数据,结合全国测土配方施肥行动新疆开展的“3414”方案数据、“三区示范”研究新疆土壤氮磷钾养分供应量。在“ 3414”方案或“ 三区示范”中通过空白处理来计算土壤养分供应能力,比较土壤有效氮、磷、钾含量与全国第二次土壤普查的结果。【结果】 (1)现阶段土壤平均供氮量(N)为199.50 kg/hm²;土壤平均供磷量为(P₂O₅)为90.33 kg/hm²;土壤平均供钾量(K₂O)为204.34 kg/hm²;作物对土壤氮磷钾的依存率分别为:59.92%、67.00%、73.96%;近20年来(2000~2019年)土壤供氮量呈现先下降后上升的趋势,土壤供磷量呈逐年增加的趋势,土壤供钾量呈现先上升后下降的趋势(2)自全国第二次土壤普查以来,土壤碱解氮(塔城地区、伊犁哈萨克自治州除外)和速效磷含量均增加,土壤速效钾含量下降。【结论】 现阶段新疆3大区域土壤供氮量东疆地区最高,北疆地区次之;土壤供磷量东疆最高,南疆最低;土壤供钾量南疆地区最高,东疆最低。新疆耕地土壤碱解氮和速效磷含量都呈增加的趋势,而土壤速效钾含量明显下降。

关键词: 耕地; 土壤供氮能力; 土壤供磷能力; 土壤供钾能力

Abstract:

【Objective】 Through the study of soil nutrient supply in Xinjiang, this paper aims to further provide basic data for the evaluation of arable land quality.【Method】 This paper collected soil nutrient supply data documented literature from 2000 to 2019 in Xinjiang, combining data created “3414” plan by the National Soil Testing Fertilization Formula Action and “3 plots experiments”, to explore soil N, P, K supply capacity in Xinjiang.Soil nutrient supply capacity was calculated by blank treatment in “3414” plan or “3 plots experiments” because nutrient contained in crops was fully from soil in these treatments.Soil available N, P, K contents were also compared with results of the 2nd National Soil Survey.【Results】 (1) The average nitrogen (N) supply of soil at present stage was 199.50 kg/hm², the average phosphorus (P₂O₅) supply was 90.33 kg/hm², the average potassium (K₂O) supply of soil was 204.34 kg/hm², the dependence rates of crops on soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were: 59.92%, 67.00%, 73.96%.In recent 20 years (2000-2019), soil nitrogen supply showed a trend of first decrease and then increase, soil phosphorus supply showed a progressively increasing trend.The potassium supply of soil showed an increasing- decreasing pattern.(2) Since the second soil census, the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (except Tacheng Prefecture region and Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture) and rapidly-available phosphorus in soil have all increased and the content of available potassium in soil decreased.【Conclusion】 At present, the soil nitrogen supply in the three major areas of Xinjiang is the highest in east part, followed by northern part; The soil phosphorus supply is the highest in east part and the lowest in southern part; and the soil potassium supply is the highest in southern area and the lowest in eastern area.The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus in arable soil in Xinjiang are showing an increasing trend, while the content of soil available potassium decreased obviously.In order to obtain better economic benefits, environmentally friendly agriculture and the maximum efficiency of resource utilization.

Key words: arable land; soil nitrogen supply capacity; soil phosphorus supply capacity; soil potassium supply capacity

中图分类号:

马伟栋, 陈英花, 王飞, 危常州. 新疆耕地土壤氮磷钾养分供应量分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(6): 1401-1408.

MA Weidong, CHEN Yinghua, WANG Fei, WEI Changzhou. Study on the Supply of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrients of Arable Land in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(6): 1401-1408.

图/表 7

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	北疆North Xinjiang			南疆South Xinjiang			东疆Eastern Xinjiang
	样本量 Sample size (个)	有效样本量 Number of valid samples (个)	有效样本比例 Proportion (%)	样本量 Sample size (个)	有效样本量 Number of valid samples (个)	有效样本比例 Proportion (%)	样本量 Sample size (个)	有效样本量 Number of valid samples (个)	有效样本比例 Proportion (%)
土壤供氮量 Soil nitrogen supply	485	472	97.3	453	420	92.7	49	42	85.7
土壤供磷量 Soil phosphorus supply	398	364	91.5	392	337	86.0	47	42	89.4
土壤供钾量 Soil potassium supply	660	578	87.6	505	430	85.1	57	56	98.2

	北疆North Xinjiang			南疆South Xinjiang			东疆Eastern Xinjiang
	样本量 Sample size (个)	有效样本量 Number of valid samples (个)	有效样本比例 Proportion (%)	样本量 Sample size (个)	有效样本量 Number of valid samples (个)	有效样本比例 Proportion (%)	样本量 Sample size (个)	有效样本量 Number of valid samples (个)	有效样本比例 Proportion (%)
土壤供氮量 Soil nitrogen supply	485	472	97.3	453	420	92.7	49	42	85.7
土壤供磷量 Soil phosphorus supply	398	364	91.5	392	337	86.0	47	42	89.4
土壤供钾量 Soil potassium supply	660	578	87.6	505	430	85.1	57	56	98.2

地区 Area	碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg/kg)			有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)			速效钾 Rapidly available potassium (mg/kg)
地区 Area	二次普查 The 2nd national soil surveys	近20年平均值 Average since 2000	增减幅度 Increase or decrease amplitude (%)	二次普查 The 2nd national soil surveys	近20年平均值 Average since 2000	增减幅度 Increase or decrease amplitude (%)	二次普查 The 2nd national soil surveys	近20年平均值 Average since 2000	增减幅度 Increase or decrease amplitude (%)
乌鲁木齐市 Urumqi	52.5	75.6	30.6	6.0	25.5	76.5	286.5	219.8	-30.3
昌吉回族自治州 Changji	48.0	61.4	21.8	7.6	18.8	59.6	292.6	241.9	-21.0
石河子市 Shihezi	54.0	61.7	12.5	3.5	23.4	85.0	268.5	244.7	-9.7
伊犁哈萨克自治州 Yili	92.5	80.1	-15.5	7.3	24.5	70.2	314.4	209.0	-50.4
博尔塔拉蒙古自治州 Boertala	60.0	72.9	17.7	5.3	17.1	69.0	307.3	235.4	-30.5
塔城地区 Tacheng	75.5	60.0	-25.8	6.2	23.6	73.7	301.0	210.5	-43.0
阿勒泰地区 Aletai	61.4	102.2	39.9	4.8	17.7	72.9	310.3	199.7	-55.4
巴音郭楞蒙古自治州 Bayinguoleng	45.4	77.5	41.4	4.0	23.1	82.7	316.2	187.0	-69.1
阿克苏地区 Akesu	45.0	71.6	37.2	4.7	19.4	75.8	287.1	151.4	-89.6
喀什地区 Kashi	30.0	62.9	52.3	5.0	18.0	72.2	152.0	172.9	12.1
哈密地区 Hami	63.7	72.8	12.5	10.6	22.3	52.5	312.0	243.0	-28.4

地区 Area	碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg/kg)			有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)			速效钾 Rapidly available potassium (mg/kg)
地区 Area	二次普查 The 2nd national soil surveys	近20年平均值 Average since 2000	增减幅度 Increase or decrease amplitude (%)	二次普查 The 2nd national soil surveys	近20年平均值 Average since 2000	增减幅度 Increase or decrease amplitude (%)	二次普查 The 2nd national soil surveys	近20年平均值 Average since 2000	增减幅度 Increase or decrease amplitude (%)
乌鲁木齐市 Urumqi	52.5	75.6	30.6	6.0	25.5	76.5	286.5	219.8	-30.3
昌吉回族自治州 Changji	48.0	61.4	21.8	7.6	18.8	59.6	292.6	241.9	-21.0
石河子市 Shihezi	54.0	61.7	12.5	3.5	23.4	85.0	268.5	244.7	-9.7
伊犁哈萨克自治州 Yili	92.5	80.1	-15.5	7.3	24.5	70.2	314.4	209.0	-50.4
博尔塔拉蒙古自治州 Boertala	60.0	72.9	17.7	5.3	17.1	69.0	307.3	235.4	-30.5
塔城地区 Tacheng	75.5	60.0	-25.8	6.2	23.6	73.7	301.0	210.5	-43.0
阿勒泰地区 Aletai	61.4	102.2	39.9	4.8	17.7	72.9	310.3	199.7	-55.4
巴音郭楞蒙古自治州 Bayinguoleng	45.4	77.5	41.4	4.0	23.1	82.7	316.2	187.0	-69.1
阿克苏地区 Akesu	45.0	71.6	37.2	4.7	19.4	75.8	287.1	151.4	-89.6
喀什地区 Kashi	30.0	62.9	52.3	5.0	18.0	72.2	152.0	172.9	12.1
哈密地区 Hami	63.7	72.8	12.5	10.6	22.3	52.5	312.0	243.0	-28.4