基于生物多样性指数分析沙棘林昆虫动态变化

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究分析沙棘林昆虫种类与数量动态变化,为沙棘林实施生物多样性监测与保护提供参考。【方法】采用网捕法、诱捕法调查新疆阿勒泰地区对布尔津县沙棘林昆虫种类和数量,运用生物多样性指数分析昆虫的时间动态。【结果】阿勒泰地区布尔津县沙棘林昆虫11目61科70种,害虫分属7目33科35种,天敌昆虫分属7目15科22种;中性昆虫分属4目13科13种。沙棘林昆虫的科数、物种数及丰富度等指数均随时间变化有不同程度的变化。【结论】布尔津县沙棘林害虫主要以蛀果害虫沙棘绕实蝇为主(Rhagoletis batava Hering),天敌昆虫以姬蜂(Ichneumonidae)为主;中性昆虫主要包括麻蝇科(Sarcophagidae)、蚁科(Formicidae)等。沙棘林害虫种类丰富、个体总数最大、丰富度最高、多样性指数较高,沙棘绕实蝇又可以直接为害沙棘果实,应对沙棘绕实蝇展开防治。

关键词: 沙棘林; 昆虫多样性; 动态变化

Abstract:

【Objective】 To monitor and protect the biodiversity of seabuckthorn woods, maintain its green and healthy development in Altay area. 【Methods】 In this study, the species and quantity of insects in seabuckthorn woods in Burqin county were investigated by the method of net trapping, and the temporal dynamics were analyzed by using biodiversity index. 【Results】 A total of 70 species, 61 families, 11 orders, and pests were 33 families, 7 orders, 35 species, 22 species, 15 families, 7 orders natural enemies were found in seabuckthorn woods. Neutral insects belonged to 4 orders, 13 families and 13 species. The number of family species and abundance of insects in seabuckthorn woods varied with time. 【Conclusion】 The main pest in seabuckthorn woods in Burqin county is Rhagoletis batava Hering, whose main natural enemy insect is Ichneumonidae, mainly including Sarcophagidae, Formicidae. The insect here is rich in species with large number and high richness and high diversity index, and Rhagoletis batava Hering can directly harm the fruit Hippophae rhamnoides, so it should be controlled to certain extent.

Key words: seabuckthorn woods; insect diversity; investigate

中图分类号:

陆燕, 帕热古丽·卡看, 张蓓, 朱建梅, 阿地力·沙塔尔. 基于生物多样性指数分析沙棘林昆虫动态变化[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(4): 966-976.

LU Yan, Pareguli Kakan, ZHANG Bei, ZHU Jianmei, Adili Shataer. Research on Insect Diversity of Seabuckthorn Wood in Burqin County, Altay Prefecture[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(4): 966-976.

图/表 8

表1 沙棘林昆虫群落特征指数

Table 1 Insect community characteristic index of seabuckthorn forest

类群 Groups	科数 Species number	丰富度 Relative abundance	多样性 Diversity index	优势集中性 Dominant concentration index	优势度 Dominance	均匀度 Evenness
害虫Injurious insect	33	0.64	1.69	0.04	0.13	0.50
天敌昆虫Natural enemy	15	0.19	1.64	0.01	0.51	0.61
中性昆虫Neutral insect	11	0.17	0.66	0.01	0.12	0.26

图1 沙棘林天敌昆虫、害虫及中性昆虫种类数时序动态

Fig.1 Dynamics of the number of natural enemies, pests and neutral insects in seabuckthorn forest

图2 沙棘林天敌昆虫、害虫及中性昆虫个体数量时序动态

Fig.2 Dynamics of individual populations of natural enemies, pests and neutral insects in seabuckthorn forest

图3 沙棘林天敌昆虫、害虫及中性昆虫丰富度时序动态

Fig.3 Temporal dynamics of abundance of natural enemies, pests and neutral insects in seabuckthorn forest

图4 沙棘林天敌昆虫、害虫及中性昆虫多样性指数时序动态

Fig.4 Time-series dynamics of diversity index of natural enemies, pests and neutral insects in seabuckthorn forestt

图5 昆虫群落均匀度季节动态

Fig.5 The evenness of insects community in seabuckthorn forest

图6 沙棘林天敌昆虫、害虫及中性昆虫优势集中性时序动态

Fig.6 Dynamics of dominant concentration of natural enemies, insect pests and neutral insects in seabuckthorn forest

图7 沙棘林天敌昆虫、害虫及中性昆虫优势度时序动态

Fig.7 Temporal dynamics of dominance of natural enemies, pests and neutral insects in seabuckthorn forestt

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