Effects of sowing date on grain-filling characteristics and yield of winter wheat in Northern Xinjiang

Objective This study aims to examine the differences in yield and grain filling characteristics among various winter wheat varieties in northern Xinjiang and identify the optimal sowing dates for different varieties, in the hope of providing references for the selection of late-sowing varieties in agricultural production.

Methods The experimental varieties were Xindong 17 (X₁₇), Xindong 18 (X₁₈), Xindong 22 (X₂₂), Xindong 28 (X₂₈) and Xindong 41 (X₄₁) by setting up three sowing periods were and the effects of different sowing periods on wheat filling characteristics and yield were studied by field cultivation method.

Results The grain filling characteristics of each variety differed under different sowing dates. Optimal sowing time S₁ (October 10th) was beneficial to improve grain filling characteristics, grain weight and yield of wheat. However, late sowing S₂ (October 20th) and super late sowing S₃ (October 30th) negatively affected grain filling characteristics, resulting in reduced yields. The grain filling process of five wheat varieties at different sowing dates was consistent with Logistic equation.

Conclusion Optimal sowing (S1) achieved the best grain filling and yield outcomes among all the varieties. Though late or ultra-late sowing resulted in yield reductions, X₁₇ and X₁₈ still are the best choices among the late sowing varieties.