Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Moisture and Canopy Characteristic Response of Drip Irrigation Winter Wheat with Different Drip Irrigation

【Objective】 To provide scientific and theoretical basis for drip irrigation wheat irrigation system and drip irrigation reference indexes in northern Xinjiang. 【Method】 Field experiments were conducted to investigate the spatial and temporal diffusion characteristics of soil water content after drip irrigation. The dynamic changes of soil moisture content at different growth stages and the response of winter wheat canopy characteristics at different distances of wheat rows from drip irrigation belt were investigated. 【Results】 At different times, the soil moisture change in 0-20 cm soil layer was the most severe, and tended to be mild with the increase of the drip irrigation quantity. The 20 cm to 80 cm soil layer was the main water storage layer; The amount of drip irrigation was 2,475 m³/hm². After drip irrigation, the soil moisture of the wheat line far from the drip irrigation belt was very little, more obvious in the topsoil; Increasing the amount of drip irrigation allowed the water to diffuse earlier to the wheat line far from the drip irrigation zone; If the drip irrigation amount was lower than 3,750 m³/hm², the soil water content of 0-60 cm soil layer after the flowering period was less than 15.0%. The drip irrigation amount is less than 3,150 m³/hm². After entering the filling period, the soil moisture content of the soil layer was close to 10%, which was not conducive to grain filling and yield formation; The total leaf area index increased by 9.50% in the high-water treatment of the wheat line far from the drip irrigation belt, intermediate water treatment increased by 7.40%, low water treatment increased by 5.72%; In different treatments, the stem diameter of three stem lines of winter wheat was 0.210 cm, lower than that of far-tube wheat, and the behavior of high-water near-tube wheat was 0.182 cm, while that of high-water near-tube wheat was 0.182 cm. 【Conclusion】 The soil moisture decreases significantly with the decrease of drip irrigation in winter wheat area of northern Xinjiang, which affects the growth and development of wheat leaf area, plant height, ear length and stem diameter; After the winter wheat turns green, the drip irrigation amount of 3 750 m³/hm² can reduce the soil moisture difference between the near-tube wheat line and the far-tube wheat line, and it can also reduce the influence of soil water deficit on the growth and development of wheat away from the straw tube; If the drip irrigation amount is lower than 3 150 m³/hm² in the winter wheat planting area in northern Xinjiang, there will be water deficit in 0-60 cm soil layer, which will significantly affect wheat grain filling and yield formation.