无核白与红地球葡萄落粒因子的细胞学分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.12.015

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (12): 2997-3003.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.12.015

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇下一篇

无核白与红地球葡萄落粒因子的细胞学分析

唐仙桃¹(), 张付春², 钟海霞², 张雯², 周晓明², 王敏², 伍新宇², 曾斌¹(), 潘明启²()

1.新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2022-01-13 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2023-01-30
通信作者: 曾斌,潘明启
作者简介:唐仙桃(1996-),男,硕士,研究生,研究方向为葡萄栽培生理与品质调控,(E-mail)1198392381@qq.com
基金资助:
现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-29-ZP-08);中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(新[2021] TG04号);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201300)

Cytological Analysis of Drop Factors in Thompson Seedless and Red Globe Grapes

TANG Xiantao¹(), ZHANG Fuchun², ZHONG Haixia², ZHANG Wen², ZHOU Xiaoming², WANG Min², WU Xinyu², ZENG Bin¹(), PAN Mingqi²()

1. College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China
2. Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China

Received:2022-01-13 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2023-01-30
Correspondence author: ZENG Bin, PAN Mingqi
Supported by:
China Agriculture Research System(CARS-29-ZP-8);Forestry Reform and Development sponsored by the Central Government(Xin〔2021〕TG04);National Key R&D Program Project of China(2018YFD0201309)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究影响无核白葡萄落粒的相关因子,为无核白葡萄落粒防控提供理论依据。【方法】 以易落粒的无核白葡萄与耐落粒的红地球葡萄为研究对象,测量无核白和红地球成熟期的果梗拉力与果梗木质素与纤维素含量;对成熟期无核白与红地球的离区、离层与果刷部位进行染色切片观察;测量离区、离层厚度及细胞截面积、离区及离层细胞纵横径;无核白经2,4-D、PCPA及环剥处理后,测量其脱断率与脱断力。【结果】 红地球果梗拉力(6.7±3.2)N,无核白果梗拉力(2.1±0.5)N,红地球葡萄果梗木质素和纤维素含量比无核白高;无核白离区范围较大,红地球离区范围较窄,红地球果刷宽大,离层细胞排列紧密,无核白果刷细小,离层细胞排列疏松,两种葡萄在果蒂离区、离层细胞形态上差异不大,但在离层和离区细胞的厚度上存在显著差异;无核白与红地球的果梗维管束直接通过离区,在离区细胞中呈现放射状分布,红地球离区中的维管束细胞显著较无核白多而密,较无核白拥有较厚的维管束细胞群;无核白的脱落方式比例有所改变,果梗拉力也大大增加,其中,环剥处理效果最为明显。【结论】 在红地球与无核白的综合比较分析中发现,果梗拉力大的葡萄具有果梗维管束发达,维管束与果肉连接紧密,离区范围小,果梗木质素与纤维素含量多的特点。

关键词: 无核白; 红地球; 落粒; 果梗拉力; 细胞结构

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to explore the related factors affecting Thompson Seedless grape seed-setting and provide theoretical basis for the control of the grape seed-setting in Xinjiang.【Methods】 The stem tension and the stem Lignin and cellulose contents of easy-dropping Thompson Seedless grape and resistant-dropping Red Globe grape were measured and the separation zone, the separation layer and the fruit brush of the mature Thompson Seedless and Red Globe were observed by staining section, and after that, the separation zone, the thickness of the separation layer and the cell cross section, the separation zone and the cell longitudinal and transverse diameter were measured; After 2, 4-D, PCPA and girdling treatment, the breaking rate and breaking force were measured.【Results】 The pull force of Red Globe stem was (6.7±3.2) N, the pull force of Thompson Seedless stem was (2.1±0.5) N, the Lignin and cellulose contents of Red Globe stem were higher than those of Thompson Seedless, the range of Thompson Seedless zone was larger and narrower. Red Globe had a wide brush, the cells in the abscission layer were closely arranged, the cells in the abscission layer were small and loose. There was no significant difference in the shape of the cells in the abscission zone and abscission zone between the two kinds of grapes. The vascular bundles of the fruiting pedicles of Thompson Seedless and Red Globe passed directly through the free zone and distributed radially in the free zone cells. The vascular bundle cells in the free zone of Red Globe were more and denser than those of Thompson Seedless, and had thicker vascular bundle cells than those of Thompson Seedless. the percentage of no-nucleated white and the tensile force of stem were increased, and girdling treatment was the most effective.【Conclusion】 The comprehensive comparative analysis between Red Globe and Thompson Seedless showed that the grapes with large stem pulling force has the characteristics of well-developed vascular bundles, tight connection between vascular bundles and pulp, small area away from fruit, and high content of lignin and cellulose.

Key words: thompson seedless; red globe; dropped grain; fruiting stalk pulling force; cell structure

中图分类号:

S663.1

唐仙桃, 张付春, 钟海霞, 张雯, 周晓明, 王敏, 伍新宇, 曾斌, 潘明启. 无核白与红地球葡萄落粒因子的细胞学分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(12): 2997-3003.

TANG Xiantao, ZHANG Fuchun, ZHONG Haixia, ZHANG Wen, ZHOU Xiaoming, WANG Min, WU Xinyu, ZENG Bin, PAN Mingqi. Cytological Analysis of Drop Factors in Thompson Seedless and Red Globe Grapes[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(12): 2997-3003.

图/表 7

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	红地球 Red Globe	无核白 Thompson Seedless
离层厚度Separation thickness(μm)	150.84±3.18^b	150.58±11.91^b
离层细胞截面积Cross sectional area of dissociated cells(μm²)	223.77±12.66^a	198.97±26.26^b
离区厚度Out-of-area thickness(μm)	180.70±4.93^a	119.84±17.57^b
离区细胞截面积Cell cross-section area of Free Zone(μm²)	243.3±6.16^a	219.55±18.51^b
总厚度Total thickness(μm)	198.48±11.95^a	108.78±8.23^d
离层细胞横径Transverse diameter of isolated cell(μm)	235.41±7.55^a	218.62±26.54^b
离层细胞纵径Longitudinal diameter of lamellar cell(μm)	231.26±19.92^a	204.48±36.94^b
离层横径与纵径比率Ratio of transverse diameter to longitudinal diameter of separation layer	1.03±0.15^ab	1.10±0.19^a
离区细胞横径Cell transverse diameter of isolated zone(μm)	248.21±5.70^a	227.30±20.00^c
离区细胞纵径Longitudinal diameter of the cell isolated from the cell(μm)	244.51±34.48^a	232.67±11.90^bc
离区横径与纵径比率Ratio of transverse diameter to longitudinal diameter	1.09±0.56^a	0.98±0.10^a

	红地球 Red Globe	无核白 Thompson Seedless
离层厚度Separation thickness(μm)	150.84±3.18^b	150.58±11.91^b
离层细胞截面积Cross sectional area of dissociated cells(μm²)	223.77±12.66^a	198.97±26.26^b
离区厚度Out-of-area thickness(μm)	180.70±4.93^a	119.84±17.57^b
离区细胞截面积Cell cross-section area of Free Zone(μm²)	243.3±6.16^a	219.55±18.51^b
总厚度Total thickness(μm)	198.48±11.95^a	108.78±8.23^d
离层细胞横径Transverse diameter of isolated cell(μm)	235.41±7.55^a	218.62±26.54^b
离层细胞纵径Longitudinal diameter of lamellar cell(μm)	231.26±19.92^a	204.48±36.94^b
离层横径与纵径比率Ratio of transverse diameter to longitudinal diameter of separation layer	1.03±0.15^ab	1.10±0.19^a
离区细胞横径Cell transverse diameter of isolated zone(μm)	248.21±5.70^a	227.30±20.00^c
离区细胞纵径Longitudinal diameter of the cell isolated from the cell(μm)	244.51±34.48^a	232.67±11.90^bc
离区横径与纵径比率Ratio of transverse diameter to longitudinal diameter	1.09±0.56^a	0.98±0.10^a

处理 Treatment	脱落率 Rate of removal (%)	断落率 Rate of breakage (%)	断脱比 Break-to-shed ratio	断落力 Breaking Force(N)	脱落力 Shedding Force(N)
2,4-D	66.7	33.3	0.5	2.44±0.23^a	3.17±0.12^a
PCPA	47.1	52.9	1.125	2.09±0.22^ab	2.30±0.53^b
环剥Girdling	42.9	57.1	1.333 3	2.57±0.24^a	3.34±0.29^a
CK	84.2	15.8	0.1875	1.39±0.94^b	1.98±0.14^b

处理 Treatment	脱落率 Rate of removal (%)	断落率 Rate of breakage (%)	断脱比 Break-to-shed ratio	断落力 Breaking Force(N)	脱落力 Shedding Force(N)
2,4-D	66.7	33.3	0.5	2.44±0.23^a	3.17±0.12^a
PCPA	47.1	52.9	1.125	2.09±0.22^ab	2.30±0.53^b
环剥Girdling	42.9	57.1	1.333 3	2.57±0.24^a	3.34±0.29^a
CK	84.2	15.8	0.1875	1.39±0.94^b	1.98±0.14^b

无核白与红地球葡萄落粒因子的细胞学分析

Cytological Analysis of Drop Factors in Thompson Seedless and Red Globe Grapes

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