Abstract: [Objective] In order to find out the change law of dry matter accumulation and quality of machine harvesting cotton in Xinjiang under different planting patterns, this project aims to provide theoretical basis for field production in Xinjiang.[Method]Taking the Xinluzao 50 as the research object, this paper studied the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and distribution, cotton quality and yield of three kinds of planting methods, (66+10) cm , (72+4) cm and (76+76) cm.[Result]The leaf area index of row spacing (66+10) cm was significantly higher than that of (72+4) cm, and the peak value was 0.19 higher than that of cm (72+4) cm, and the late growth stage decreased slowly.(76+76) cm plant growth pattern in the early stage of leaf area index was higher than that of (66+10) cm, but its growth in the latter part of the larger declined, and the peak value was lower than that of (66+10) cm.The accumulation of dry matter was a "slow-fast-slow" trend during the growth process, which showed that the Liuhudi (66+10) cm planting pattern was less than that of (72+4) cm, and the (66+10) cm planting pattern was less than that (76+76) cm.[Conclusion]From the growth and development of cotton to the formation of canopy structure, the photosynthetic characteristics to cotton fiber quality and machine-harvesting quality were compared and evaluated.The applicability of the three planting patterns to field production promotion was as follows: (76+76) cm > (66+10) cm > (72+4) cm.