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两种灌水量对冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响

冯魁;马艳明;贾莉莉;张金汕;迪里夏提·尔肯;汪志星;石书兵   

  1. 新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐,830052;新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所,乌鲁木齐,830091
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-25 修回日期:2016-11-25 出版日期:2016-11-25 发布日期:2016-11-25

Effects of Two Irrigation on the Agronomic Traits and the Yield of Winter Wheat

FENG Kui;MA Yan-ming;JIA Li-li;ZHANG Jin-shan;Dilixiati Erken;WANG Zhi-xing;SHI Shu-bing   

  • Received:2016-11-25 Revised:2016-11-25 Online:2016-11-25 Published:2016-11-25

摘要: 【目的】发掘冬小麦品种抗旱种质资源,在两种灌水处理条件下,田间筛选小麦抗旱资源,拓宽新疆冬小麦抗旱遗传育种选择范围。【方法】以4份新疆、16份黄淮麦区冬小麦品种(系)为材料,分别在5次灌水和3次灌水处理条件下,对小麦单株成穗数、株高、穗长、穗基部不育、穗顶部不育、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量等9个农艺性状和产量指标进行分析。【结果】两种处理下,20份材料的9个农艺性状总体差异较大,5次灌溉处理下大部分性状的均值高于3次灌溉处理;各个性状的变异系数差异较大;各性状抗旱系数变化在0.75~1.13;产量差异达到显著水平,两种灌水处理下产量都在前7位之内的有山农15号,烟农23号、新冬20号、新冬22号和新冬18号共5个品种;产量都在后6位之内的有山农12号、泰山22号、石4185号、石新616号和石麦18号共5个品种。【结论】适当增加灌水次数可以增加冬小麦产量。尤其是幼苗分蘖和籽粒灌浆成熟期保持充足的水分,对提高冬小麦产量有促进作用。相对黄淮麦区的冬小麦品种,新疆自育的冬小麦品种表现出较强的抗旱性。

Abstract: Objective]In order to explore winter wheat drought-resistant germplasms in different irriga-tion treatments,the project aims to screen wheat germplasm resources in the filed to widen the range of Xin-jiang winter drought-resistance germplasm resources and breeding.[Method]There were 20 kinds of winter wheat,which four from Xinjiang and 16 from Huanghuai area were chosen to investigate 9 characters under 5 irrigation times and 3 irrigation treatments.The nine characters were:number of spikes per plant,plant height,ear length,the sterile of basal spikelet,the sterile of top spikelet,spikelet number,kernels per spike,thousand kernel weight and yield.[Result]9 agronomic characters of 20 copies of the material was sig-nificantly different from each other,most of the average of 5 irrigation treatment times were higher than 3 times under this two kinds of irrigation treatment;the variation coefficient of each character was exactly different;Various characters drought-resistant coefficient ranged from 0.75 to 1 .13;Yield difference reached signifi-cant level,which under the condition of two irrigation treatment quantity,production always within the top seven were Shannon 15,Yannong 23,Xindong 20,Xindong 22 and Xindong 18;Production in the post six were Shannong 12,Taishan 22,Shi 4185,Shixin 616 and Shimai 18.[Conclusion]Increasing irrigation times can increase winter wheat yields.Especially in the seedling tillering and grain filling stage of grain matu-ration,keeping enough water supply can to improve the winter wheat yield.Compared with Huanghuai winter wheat varieties,winter wheat varieties bred in Xinjiang showed stronger drought resistance.


ISSN 1001-4330 CN 65-1097/S
邮发代号:58-18
国外代号:BM3342
主管:新疆农业科学院
主办:新疆农业科学院 新疆农业大学 新疆农学会

出版单位:《新疆农业科学》编辑部
地址:乌鲁木齐市南昌路403号新疆农业科学院
邮编:830091
电话:0991-4502046
E-mail:xjnykx-h@xaas.ac.cn


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