Abstract: [Objective] To analyze the existing problems in peanut production in China,and suggest countermeasures for future development of peanut industry in Xinjiang.[Method]Relevant research materials of peanut production in China and Xinjiang in recent years were collected and the recent status and characteristics of peanut production in Xinjiang were reviewed and summarized.[Result]China is a big peanut producing country in the world.Peanut planting area ranks the second in the world and the total production ranks the first in the world.Peanut in China has a variety of types,wide distribution,cultivation system diversification,etc.Oil crops in Xinjiang include rapeseed,sunflower,sesame,safflower,peanut,sesame,etc,and peanut planting area is relatively small.Currently,scientific research on peanut has been done little in Xinjiang,which mainly focused on the introduction,screening of varieties resources and high-yield cultivation techniques and has not yet formed a sound scientific research and promotion system.At present,the main problems in Xinjiang peanut production mainly include mixed varieties,low overall mechanization level,uneven regional development and deep processing is backward.Relevant departments were recommended to increase attention to peanut industry development in Xinjiang,strengthen study on peanut varieties and cultivation techniques,improve the research and development level of mechanization technology,widen the publicity and promotion of excellent variety and technology and encourage the development of peanut deep processing industry.[Conclusion]Xinjiang is beneficial to the cultivation of peanut in the aspects of climate,soil and trade environment.With the adjustment of national planting structure,planting peanut in Xinjiang has a good development prospect,which not only can improve the self-sufficiency rate of domestic edible oil and economic benefit of farmers but also can make full use of land resources in Xinjiang and improve the ecological environment and create good ecological benefits.