取食农田残膜对大蜡螟种群延续的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究取食农田残膜对大蜡螟种群延续的影响。【方法】以麦麸(MF)和新疆农田残膜(NTCM)不同配比作饲料(即MF,50%NTCM,100%NTCM 3个处理),在恒温30℃、60%±10% RH(相对湿度)条件下饲养大蜡螟2个世代。【结果】(1)大蜡螟幼虫取食麦麸量随残膜添加量的增加而减少(P<0.05),取食残膜量随添加残膜量的增加而增加,各处理第二代取食麦麸量较第一代减少,而取食残膜量增加;对农田残膜和麦麸的总取食量随残膜添加量的增加而减小,MF处理总取食量第二代较第一代减少,50%NTCM和100%NTCM处理总取食量第二代较第一代增加。(2)大蜡螟蛹重、蛹长均随残膜量的增加而减小,3个处理第二代蛹重及蛹长均低于第一代(P>0.05);不同处理对大蜡螟雌雄蛾体重影响不显著,且各处理第二代雌雄蛾体重均低于第一代(P>0.05),而不同处理大蜡螟雌雄蛾体长无明显变化规律。(3)大蜡螟雌蛾产卵量随残膜量增加而减小,100%NTCM处理第二代产卵量大于第一代(P>0.05),MF和50%NTCM处理第二代产卵量小于第一代(P<0.05);大蜡螟卵孵化率随农田残膜添加量增加而减小(P>0.05),第二代孵化率小于第一代(P>0.05)。【结论】以新疆农田残膜和麦麸不同配比为饲料,大蜡螟幼虫取食残膜量随麦麸添加量增加而减小,各处理第二代取食麦麸量较第一代减少,而取食残膜量增加;大蜡螟蛹重、蛹长均随残膜量的增加而减小,3个处理第二代蛹重及蛹长均低于第一代;不同处理对大蜡螟雌雄蛾体重影响不显著,且各处理第二代雌雄蛾体重均低于第一代,而不同处理大蜡螟雌雄蛾体长无明显变化规律;大蜡螟产卵量、卵孵化率均随残膜量增加而减小,第二代孵化率均小于第一代,但100%NTCM处理第二代产卵量大于第一代。

关键词: 农田残膜; 大蜡螟; 种群延续; 生物降解; 产卵量

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to study the effects on population continuation of Galleria mellonella fed with farmland residual film.【Methods】 Two generations of Galleria mellonella were reared at constant temperature of 30℃ and 60%±10% RH (relative humidity ) with wheat bran and Xinjiang farmland residual film as feed (MF, 50%NTCM, 100%NTCM).【Results】 The results showed that: (1) The feeding amount of wheat bran decreased with the increase of residual film addition (P<0.05).The feeding amount of residual film increased with the increase of residual film addition.The second generation of each treatment consumed less wheat bran than the first generation, while the amount of residual film consumed increased.The total feeding amount of farmland residual film and wheat bran decreased with the increase of residual film addition.The total feeding amount of MF treatment was lower than that of the first generation, and that of 50%NTCM and 100%NTCM treatment was higher than that of the second generation.(2) The pupal weight and pupal length decreased with the increase of residual film addition, and the pupal weight and pupal length of the second generation were lower than those of the first generation (P>0.05).Different treatments had no significant effect on the body weight of male and female moths, and the body weight of the second generation of male and female moths in each treatment was lower than that of the first generation (P>0.05).There were no significant change rules in the body length of male and female moths in different treatments.(3) The egg-production of female moths decreased with the increase of residual film.The egg-production of the second generation of 100%NTCM treatment was greater than that of the first generation (P>0.05).The egg-production of the second generation of MF and 50%NTCM treatment was less than that of the first generation (P<0.05).The hatching rate decreased with the increase of residual film addition (P>0.05), and the hatching rate of the second generation was less than that of the first generation (P>0.05).【Conclusion】 With different proportions of Xinjiang farmland residual film and wheat bran as feed, the feeding amount of residual film by Galleria Mellonella larvae decreased with the increase of wheat bran addition.The feeding amount of wheat bran of the second generation of each treatment was lower than that of the first generation, but the amount of residual film increased.The pupal weight and pupal length decreased with the increase of residual film addition, and the pupal weight and pupal length of the second generation were lower than those of the first generation.Different treatments had no significant effect on the body weight of male and female moths, and the body weight of the second generation was lower than that of the first generation, but there was no significant change rules in the body length of male and female moths.The egg-production and hatching rate decreased with the increase of residual film.The hatching rate of the second generation was less than that of the first generation, but the egg-production of 100%NTCM treatment of the second generation was greater than that of the first generation.

Key words: farmland residual film; Galleria mellonella; population continuation; biodegradation; egg-production

中图分类号:

乔小燕, 王斌, 孙九胜, 孙晨, 崔磊, 槐国龙, 陈波浪. 取食农田残膜对大蜡螟种群延续的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(5): 1226-1234.

QIAO Xiaoyan, WANG Bin, SUN Jiusheng, SUN Chen, CUI Lei, HUAI Guolong, CHEN Bolang. Effects on population continuation of Galleria mellonella fed with farmland residual film[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(5): 1226-1234.

图/表 14

表1 同世代不同处理大蜡螟幼虫取食量差异

Tab.1 Difference of feeding amount among different treatments in the same generation

处理 Treatments	取食麦麸量 Feeding amount of wheat bran (g)		取食残膜量 Feeding amount of residual film (g)
处理 Treatments	第一代 First generation	第二代 Second generation	第一代 First generation	第二代 Second generation
MF	0.580 8±0.02^a	0.490 9±0.01^a	0.000 0±0.00^b	0.000 0±0.00^b
50%NTCM	0.325 2±0.13^b	0.231 4±0.12^b	0.048 7±0.02^a	0.180 0±0.01^a
100%NTCM	0.000 0±0.00^c	0.000 0±0.00^c	0.060 1±0.01^a	0.240 6±0.10^a

表2 相同处理不同世代大蜡螟幼虫取食量差异

Tab.2 Difference of feeding amount under the same treatment in different generations

世代 Generation	取食麦麸量Wheat bran intake (g)			取食残膜量Residual film intake (g)
世代 Generation	MF	50%NTCM	100%NTCM	MF	50%NTCM	100%NTCM
第一代 First generation	0.580 8±0.02^a	0.325 2±0.13^a	0.000 0±0.00^a	0.000 0±0.00^a	0.048 7±0.02^b	0.060 1±0.01^a
第二代 Second generation	0.490 9±0.01^b	0.231 4±0.12^a	0.000 0±0.00^a	0.000 0±0.00^a	0.180 0±0.01^a	0.240 6±0.10^a

图 1 不同处理大蜡螟总取食量差异注:柱上不同小写字母表示0.05显著性水平下的差异比较,下同

Fig.1 Differences in total feeding amount of Galleria mellonella under different treatments Note:Different lowercase letters above bars represent the difference comparison at the 0.05 significance level,the same as below

图2 不同处理大蜡螟结茧率差异

Fig.2 Difference of cocooning rate among different treatments

图 3 同世代不同处理大蜡螟蛹重、蛹长差异

Fig.3 Difference of pupal weight and pupal length among different treatments in the same generation

图4 不同世代相同处理蛹重及蛹长差异

Fig.4 Difference of pupal weight and pupal length under the same treatment in different generations

图 5 同世代不同处理雌雄蛾体重差异注:柱上不同小写字母代表同一世代不同处理间雌雄蛾体重差异显著性(0.05显著性水平下的差异比较),下同

Fig.5 Difference in body weight of female and male moths between different treatments of the same generation Note:Different lowercase letters represent significant differences in body weight of female and male moths between different treatments of the same generation (the difference comparison at 0.05 significant level),the same as below

图6 同世代相同处理雌雄蛾体重差异

Fig.6 Difference in body weight between female and male moths of the same generation and same treatment

表3 同一处理不同世代雌雄蛾体重差异

Tab.3 Difference of body weight of female and male moths under the same treatment in different generations

世代 Generation	雌蛾体重 Body weight of female moths (g)			雄蛾体重 Body weight of male moths (g)
世代 Generation	MF	50%NTCM	100%NTCM	MF	50%NTCM	100%NTCM
第一代 First generation	0.015 3±0.002^a	0.013 0±0.003^a	0.012 9±0.002^a	0.015 1±0.003^a	0.012 6±0.005^a	0.011 7±0.005^a
第二代 Second generation	0.011 8±0.002^a	0.009 9±0.001^a	0.011 4±0.002^a	0.011 5±0.003^a	0.008 8±0.001^a	0.011 0±0.002^a

图 7 同世代不同处理雌雄蛾体长差异

Fig.7 Difference in body length of female and male moths between different treatments of the same generation

图 8 同世代相同处理雌雄蛾体长差异

Fig.8 Difference in body length between female and male moths of the same generation and same treatment

表4 同一处理不同世代雌雄蛾体长差异

Tab.4 Difference of body length of female and male moths under the same treatment in different generations

世代 Generation	雌蛾体长 Body length of female moths (cm)			雄蛾体长 Body length of male moths (cm)
世代 Generation	MF	50%NTCM	100%NTCM	MF	50%NTCM	100%NTCM
第一代 First generation	1.104±0.025^a	1.084±0.028^a	1.030±0.026^b	0.998±0.010^a	0.965±0.049^a	0.963±0.071^a
第二代 Second generation	1.083±0.022^a	1.075±0.050^a	1.294±0.062^a	0.971±0.040^a	0.969±0.030^a	1.123±0.018^a

图 9 不同处理产卵量差异注:不同小写字母表示0.05显著性水平下的差异比较,下同

Fig.9 Difference of egg-production among different treatments Note:Different lowercase letters above bars represent the difference comparison at the 0.05 significance level,the same as below

图 10 不同处理卵孵化率差异

Fig.10 Difference of hatching rate among different treatments

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