Channel: Prataculture · Plant Protection · Animal Husbandry Veterinarian https://www.xjnykx.com EN-US https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/1001-4330/current.shtml https://www.xjnykx.com 1001-4330 https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.019 【Objective】 This study aims to provide a scientific theoretical basis for population replacement techniques of the invasive species, the giant ragweed(Ambrosia trifida), by investigating the substitution effects of five types of grasses.【Methods】 A small-scale competitive experiment was conducted using five types of grasses-Festuca elata, Lolium perenne, Elymus dahuricus, Medicago Sativa and Trifolium repens L.-against A.trifida, with a density of 10 plants/m².Dynamic monitoring of the branch and stem numbers of the giant ragweed in each community, along with indicators of plant dominance and fresh weight, was carried out to evaluate the substitution effects of the five grasses on the invasive species.【Results】 The mixed planting of tall fescue, alfalfa, and white clover significantly inhibited the growth of branches and segments of A.trifida.All five grasses could significantly suppress the height of A.trifida (P<0.05).In the mixed planting zone, significant decreases in the following order of percentage reduction: white clover > ryegrass > paspalum > tall fescue > alfalfa, with reductions of 65.34%, 45.58%, 37.96%, 27.23%, and 23.85%, respectively.Statistical analysis of plant numbers and coverage indicated significant decreases in plant numbers for the four grasses, except tall fescue, in the mixed planting zone compared to the single-species zone.Dominance results showed that tall fescue, alfalfa, ryegrass, and paspalum were dominant relative to three-leaf Ager, while white clover had a comparable dominance to A.trifida.There were no significant differences between alfalfa and tall fescue in both mixed and single-species zones.The fresh weight of three-leaf Ager was most affected by tall fescue and alfalfa, with percentage reductions of 41.06% (P <0.05) and 36.71% (P <0.05), respectively.【Conclusion】 In this short-term experiment, tall fescue, alfalfa, ryegrass, and paspalum are dominant relative to the giant ragweed, while white clover exhibits similar dominance.Considering factors such as the grasses' life cycle, germination characteristics, dominance, and fresh weight results, it can be concluded that alfalfa and tall fescue exhibit the best biologicalq substitution effects on the giant ragweed, followed by paspalum and ryegrass.White clover shows a relatively poor substitution effect on three-leaf Ager.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.020 【Objective】 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of carboxin on seed germination and morphogenesis of cotton seedlings under low temperature and water stress.【Methods】 In this study, the impact of carboxin on seed germination, as well as the morphology, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of cotton seedlings were analyzed.The experiment utilized an artificial climate chamber and controlled the water-holding capacity of potted sandy soil to simulate field conditions of low temperature and water availability.【Results】 The findings revealed that under low temperature stress, the germination rate of cotton seeds was reduced by 21.95%.However, when treated with carboxin, the germination rate increased by 14.06% compared with the low temperature stress alone.Similarly, drought stress caused a 29.41% decrease in seed germination compared with normal watering conditions, whereas carboxin treatment reduced this decrease to 11.67%.Furthermore, low temperature stress significantly reduced the plant height and root length of cotton seedlings, as well as biomass accumulation in the shoots.The stress also led to increased malondialdehyde content and relative permeability of the cell membrane.However, applying carboxin treatment resulted in a reduction of 14.71% and 24.14% in malondialdehyde content and relative permeability, respectively, under low temperature and water stress conditions.Regarding biochemical characteristics, soluble sugar was found to be the main substance under water stress, while soluble protein was predominant under low temperature stress.The highest contents of both soluble sugar and soluble protein were observed in the cotton seedlings coated with carboxin under low temperature and water stress, with increases of 15.56% and 20.14%, respectively.Additionally, under low temperature and water stress conditions, cotton seedlings coated with carboxin exhibited the highest antioxidant enzyme activity and higher expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes.【Conclusion】 Cotton seed germination and growth are negatively affected by low temperature and water stress, leading to oxidative damage in the leaves.In response to this oxidative stress, cotton seedlings activate mechanisms to scavenge reactive oxygen species and mitigate the damage.The application of carboxin shows promising results in enhancing the resistance of cotton seedlings to low temperature and drought stress.This is achieved by altering the levels of osmotic regulating substances, boosting the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and inhibiting membrane peroxidation.These findings suggest that carboxin has offered a new approach for cotton seedlings to mitigate the impact of environmental disasters and reduce losses.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.021 【Objective】 To identify the species and field infection of viral diseases on ornamental Malus spp.【Methods】 A total of 158 samples from 7 areas of Xinjiang were detected by macro virus sequencing technique combined with RT-PCR.【Results】 Only one plant virus was compared with apple stem pitting virus (ASPV).Among 158 samples of ornamental begonia, the ASPV detection rates were 0.00%, 12.00%, 0.00%, 31.71%, 29.41%, 17.65% and 0.00% in Bayingoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Aksu Region, Kashgar Region, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Shihezi City, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture and Kuitun City, respectively.Among the 7 areas tested, Changji had the highest detection rate (31.71%).The detection rate of Shihezi City was 29.41%.ASPV was not detected in Kashgar Prefecture and Kuitun City.【Conclusion】 The results showed that the detection rate of ASPV on ornamental begonia is higher in northern Xinjiang and lower in southern Xinjiang.ASPV is detected in ornamental begonia samples, and the virus detected samples were all symptomatic leaves in the field, which was consistent with the disease observed in the field.Ornamental begonia is one of the natural hosts of ASPV.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.022 【Objective】 Optimization of high-efficiency decomposition conditions and transformation parameters of grapevine branches eaten by the Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis,which has provided a new way for the resource utilization of grape branches.【Methods】 Crushed grape branches were taken as the main raw materials, the orthogonal experiment of 3 factors and 5 levels was performed, which included the decomposition inoculants, the ratio of cow dung (%) and the number of fermentation days (d).By measuring the conversion power of larvae to the materials, the optimal combination of feeding grape branches by the larva was screened and verified.【Results】 The results showed that the proportion of cow dung reached a significant difference level at the 10 th, 15 th, 25 th and 30 th days.The higher the proportion of cow dung, the higher the temperature, indicating the better fermentation rate, and the addition of decomposition inoculants and cow dung had a better promotion effect on the fermentation of materials.After fermentation for 25 days, 96 g of compound feed was obtained from each 120 g of raw grape branches, supplemented with 80g of cow dung and 1‰ VT decomposition inoculants.After the conversion of the 3rd larva, the insect sand content was (77.53±22.43)g, the insect body conversion rate was (37.16%±0.04%), and the insect sand conversion rate was (84.99%±0.01%).The harvest coefficient of insect sand was (59.47%±0.04%), and the utilization rate of organic materials was (61.17%±0.02%).【Conclusion】 The 3rd instar larvae of the Protaetia brevitars has a good conversion ability to ferment grape branch feed.Adding 1%VT decomposition inoculants, 40% cow dung and after 25 d fermentation is the best fermentation scheme.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.023 【Objective】 To explore the differences in resistance mechanisms to sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid in cotton aphid with different genetic backgrounds of resistance.【Methods】 Transcriptome sequencing by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was performed on initial field strain, acetamiprid-resistant strain and sulfoxaflor-resistant strain of cotton aphids with different genetic backgrounds (Yarkant and Jinghe), respectively.Meanwhile, differentially expressed genes in resistant strains of cotton aphid with different genetic backgrounds were analyzed by bioinformatics methods.【Results】 By comparing the transcriptome data of sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains from Yarkant and Jinghe, it was found that the sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains from Yarkant had differential expression of 806 and 149 genes, respectively, and the sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains from Jinghe had differential expression of 233 and 160 genes.In the sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains of Yarkant, CYP6CY59, CYP6DC1, and CYP380C45 were up-regulated, but CYP6CY12 and CYP380C46 were down-regulated.In the sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains of Jinghe, CYP380C46 was up-regulated whereas CYP6DC1 was down-regulated.In addition, CYP380C45 was up-regulated in Yarkant sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains, and the Jinghe acetamiprid-resistant strain.CYP6DC1 was up-regulated in both Yarkant resistant strains, but down-regulated in both Jinghe resistant strains.CYP380C46 was up-regulated in both resistant strains in Jinghe but down-regulated in both resistant strains in Yarkant.【Conclusion】 Several P450 genes were involved in resistance to sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid in cotton aphids.Differences in differentially expressed P450 genes were found between sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains of cotton aphids with the same genetic background, and found between sulfoxaflor-resistant strains of cotton aphids of different genetic backgrounds, as well as between acetamiprid-resistant strains.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.024 【Objective】 There is a typical symptom about canker disease in Prunus davidiana from Kuitun City (44°26'35″N, 84°54'24″ E) and Aral City (40°32'30″N, 81°17'35″E), Xinjiang.With this in mind, this research aim to identify the real cause.【Methods】 Pathogens (KTST and TDST) were isolated from the susceptible Prunus davidiana branches.【Results】 Based on morphological characteristics, combined with ITS, RPB2 and Tef1-α multi-genesequence analysis, Cytospora leucostoma and Cytospora chrysosperma were isolates from KTST and TDST.【Conclusion】 The Koch postulates was verified by inoculating the pathogen of canker disease on the healthy branches in vitro to cause canker disease symptoms.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.025 【Objective】 In order to verify whether the individual sizes, spatial positions and sampling directions of shrubs have an effect on the stoichiometric ratio of soil under their canopy.【Methods】 In this study, four Kalidium caspicum individuals with different individual sizes were selected in the northwestern margin of the Junggar Desert.Soil samples of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm were collected at four different sampling directions (east, south, west, north) and four spatial positions (shrub center, shrub middle, shrub edge and shrub outside).Based on the determination of organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents, the effects of individual size, spatial position and sampling direction on soil C/N, C/P and N/P changes were analyzed.【Results】 The soil C/N, C/P and N/P showed a decreasing trend from the shrub center to the shrub outside under the canopy of K.caspicum.Among them, C/N in the 10-20 cm soil layer under the canopy of the smaller individual K.caspicum showed the shrub center 13.6% higher than the shrub middle; there were significant differences in C/P between different spatial positions in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, and the shrub center C/P in 10-20 cm soil layer was 15.6%-16.3% higher than that in shrub outside; N/P showed that in the 10-20 cm soil layer, the shrub center of the large individual was 1.3 times that of the shrub edge, and the shrub middle of the small individual was significantly higher than that of the shrub center by 40%.Soil SOC, TN,TP and soil stoichiometry showed a good correlation (P<0.01).【Conclusion】 C/P and N/P become nutrient limiting indicators in this area.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.026 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment is to study the difference of muscle fiber and meat quality characteristics in different muscle parts of Xinjiang Brown Cattle between tethered and free-range feeding methods.【Methods】 In this experiment, 20 head of cattle 30-month-old healthy tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle and scattered Xinjiang Brown Cattle were divided into two groups with 10 in each group.The muscles of tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle and scattered Xinjiang Brown Cattle (supraspinatus muscle, longissimus dorsi muscle and semitendinosus muscle) were collected for meat quality test, and the differences in shear force, pH value, color difference, cooking loss and muscle fiber characteristics were analyzed.【Results】 (1) The slaughter rate, Clean meat rate and meat-bone ratio of Xinjiang Brown Cattle were significantly higher than those of tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.01), and the clean meat weight was significantly higher than that of tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.05), but the ratio of fur weight, fat weight and genital weight to live weight was significantly lower than that of tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.01).The live weight before slaughter, carcass weight and the ratio of head, hoof and tail weight to live weight of Xinjiang Brown Cattle in two feeding methods were not significant (P>0.05).(2) The cooking loss rate, meat color L^*, a^* and b^* of tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle were significantly lower than those of loose Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.01).The hydraulic power and pH value of Xinjiang Brown Cattle were significantly higher than those of Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in shear force between the two groups (P>0.05).Compared with BZ, L^* and a^* of tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle were significantly lower than those of scattered Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.05).The shear force was significantly higher than that of Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in cooking loss rate, hydraulic power, pH value and meat color b^* between the two groups (P>0.05).Compared with the semi-tendinous muscle (BJ) of Xinjiang Brown Cattle, the meat color L^* and b^* of tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle were significantly lower than those of Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in cooking loss rate, hydraulic power, shear force, pH value and meat color a^* between the two groups (P>0.05).The hardness, elasticity and resilience of the three muscle parts were not significant (P>0.05).(3) Muscle fiber diameter, muscle fiber area and muscle fiber density were not significant (P>0.05).【Conclusion】 Compared with tethered cattle, Xinjiang Brown Cattle reared in free range is more conducive to improving its slaughter performance, followed by Xinjiang Brown Cattle reared in free range, whose supraspinatus muscle (GS) and longissimus dorsi muscle (BZ) are more tender and juicy, and their meat is more bright red.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.027 【Objective】 Explore the effects of lysine and threonine supplementation on hormone concentrations in blood and milk of lactating mares under grazing conditions in the hope of providing reference for amino acid regulation of lactation performance and body health of lactating mares.【Methods】 12 Ili mares with similar foaling dates (May), ages of 7-9 years, parity of 4-5 fetuses, average weight of 428±33.42 kg and lactation for 30 days were selected.According to the principle of similar milk production, 12 mares were randomly divided into control group and experimental group.Under the same grazing conditions (grazing time, drinking time, milking time and grazing pasture were the same), set up control group and experimental group,the control group was not given any amino acid supplement, and the experimental group was given lysine 60 g+ threonine 40 g/(d· horses).The whole supplementary feeding period was 120 days, and milk samples and blood were collected regularly to determine hormone indexes.【Results】 The concentration of prolactin in the blood of the experimental group showed a continuous increasing trend, and was higher than that of the control group on the 60th day of the experiment (P > 0.05).In addition, the concentrations of estradiol, progesterone and growth hormone in the blood of the experimental group showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing.The concentrations of estradiol, progesterone and luteinizing hormone in the blood of the control group increased first and then decreased.In milking period, on day 120, the concentrations of luteinizing hormone and growth hormone in milk of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group (P< 0.01), and the concentrations of estradiol, prolactin and luteinizing hormone showed a trend of continuous increase, while the concentrations of progesterone and growth hormone showed a tendency of decreasing first and then increasing.However, in the control group, the concentrations of estradiol and prolactin decreased first and then increased, and the concentrations of progesterone and growth hormone continued to decrease.【Conclusion】 In summary, supplementing lysine and threonine can increase the contents of progesterone and prolactin in the mare's blood, increase the concentrations of estradiol, prolactin and luteinizing hormone in milk, and maintain the normal physiological law of hormones in the mare's blood and milk.

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