Channel: Soil Fertilizer · Storage and Preservation Processing · Horticultural Special Local Products https://www.xjnykx.com EN-US https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/1001-4330/current.shtml https://www.xjnykx.com 1001-4330 https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.008 【Objective】 In order to explore the application effect of combined application of chemical fertilizer and humic acid organic fertilizer on saline soil and peanuts. 【Methods】 A peanut pot experiment is conducted. A combination of humic acid organic fertilizer and fertilizer application were applied in this experiment, and conventional fertilizer application rates were taken as a control.On the basis of basic application of humic acid organic fertilizer of 40 kg/667m², a total of 6 treatments were set up to reduce the conventional dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers by 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%.And by analyzing the changes in soil nutrients, peanut plant height, lateral branch length, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), dry matter accumulation and yield of plants, and other indicators, the effects of fertilizer reduction and organic substitution fertilization models on salinization soil nutrients and peanut growth were studied.【Results】 After basic application of humic acid fertilizer, a significant reduction in fertilizer application could still maintain the normal growth of peanuts.Reducing fertilizer application by 20%-40% could significantly promote peanut growth, increase soil nutrient content, effectively improve saline soil, improve soil quality, and also increase the dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, number of fruit per plant, and fruit weight per plant of peanuts, thereby increasing yield.【Conclusion】 The optimal technical solution for the combination of chemical fertilizer and humic acid organic fertilizer is to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer by 20% to 40% on the basis of applying 40 kg/667m² of humic acid fertilizer.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.009 【Objective】 To examine the distinct starch functional properties among various rice cultivars in Xinjiang and to establish a theoretical foundation for rice processing.【Methods】 Fifteen varieties of rice cultivated in Xinjiang served as the fundamental material and the starch was obtained through an alkaline method; Various parameters like amylose and straight-chain amylose content, sedimentation product, freeze-thaw stability, transmittance, pasting characteristics, textural characteristics, solubility, swelling, etc.were assessed.The statistics were then subjected to significance of differences analyses, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis.【Results】 The amylose content and linear amylose content of the 15 rice types differed significantly (P< 0.05).Xining 9 had the highest linear amylose content (28.88%).Solubility also differed significantly (P< 0.05), and the swelling degree ranged from 59% to 70%.Freeze-thaw stability decreased with the number of freeze-thaw cycles, and transmittance decreased with increasing resting time.Daomi 56 and Xinjing 9 had the highest chewing resistance.There was a significant correlation between the rice varieties and the straight-chain amylose content of the starch, pasting properties, and textural properties.Xinjing 9 had the highest score.Various types of rice exhibited differences in their physicochemical and functional characteristics.Xinjing 9 variety, in particular, was found to possess favorable processing characteristics.【Conclusion】 The outcomes of this study offer a theoretical underpinning for rice variety selection and processing in Xinjiang.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.010 【Objective】 To analyze the differences of botanical characters, berry quality, raisin polyphenols and antioxidant activity between Thompson Seedless and long-berry Thompson Seedless grape in the hope of providing new germplasm resources for grape breeding.【Methods】 V.vinefera cv.Thompson Seedless and bud mutation Long-berry Thompson Seedless were used as material, in the open field of the experimental vineyard,to investigate botanical character, photosynthetic response curve, berry quality and raisins quality and analyze the relationship between phenolic and antioxidant activity of raisins.【Results】 The results showed that, the main variation characteristics of bud mutation Long-berry Thompson Seedless were the color of young leaves, tender tips and petioles.Compared with ordinary Thompson Seedless, the color of young leaves was green with red bands, ventral new shoot color was green with red bands, dorsal internode color was green with red bands, and intersegmental ventral was green with red band.Germination rate of Thompson Seedless was higher than Long-berry Thompson Seedless, which were 65.00% and 63.82% respectively, germination rates of Long-berry Thompson Seedless were 50.48% and 53.45% respectively, in 2022, in 2023.The shape index of Long-berry Thompson Seedless were always higher than that of Thompson Seedless, the maximum shape index of Thompson Seedless and Long-berry Thompson Seedless were 1.80 and 2.12, after 16 d and 28 d after flowing, respectively.Berry quality, reduce sugar, sugar-acid ratio of Thompson Seedless were significantly higher than those of Long-berry Thompson Seedless, and there were no difference for bunch weight, bunch length, bunch width, soluble solid, titratable acid, Vitamin C, chromatic aberration.Drying rate, mean weight of Thompson Seedless were significantly higher than those of Long-berry Thompson Seedless, shape index of Long-berry Thompson Seedless was significantly higher than that of Thompson Seedless.Total flavanol, total flavonoids, total tannin, total phenol of Long-berry Thompson Seedless were significantly higher than those of Thompson Seedless, and their content were 1,808.59、2,286.43, 51.11, 98.53 mg/kg, respectively.DPPH and FRAP free radical scavenging capacity of Long-berry Thompson Seedless were significantly higher than Thompson Seedless, ABTS free radical scavenging capacity of Long-berry Thompson Seedless lower than Thompson Seedless, and no difference.The correlation coefficient were greater than 0.926 for total flavanol, total flavonoids, total tannin, total phenol, DPPH and FRAP free radical scavenging capacity, and their differences were significant or extremely significant.ABTS free radical scavenging capacity was negatively correlated with total flavanol, total flavonoids, total tannins, total phenols, DPPH and FRAP free radical scavenging capacity with litter difference.【Conclusion】 Bud mutation Long-berry Thompson Seedless can be used as an excellent variety and provide new germplasm resources for breeding.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.011 【Objective】 To study the effect of walnut green peel polyphenols on reactive oxygen species metabolism (ROS) and decay of Hami melon fruit during storage.【Methods】 30 mg/L walnut green skin polyphenols (obtained from preliminary experiments) were used to treat Hami melon fruit.0.5 mL/L Tween-20 was added to both treatments, soaked for 20 minutes, and stored at room temperature (temperature: (22±2)℃, relative humidity: (20±2)%) for 18 days to measure the decay index, decay rate, cell membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide anion ( {\mathrm{O}}_2^{-}) production rate, hydrogen peroxide content (H₂O₂), and enzyme activity related to reactive oxygen metabolism of Hami melon fruit every 3 days.【Results】 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (except 6 d), catalase (except 3 d), ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) (except 6 d) and glutathione reductase (GR) were enhanced by 30 mg/L walnut green skin polyphenol treatment.Meanwhile, glutathione (GSH) content was increased, H₂O₂ content and {\mathrm{O}}_2^{-} production rate were decreased, and the increase of cell membrane permeability and malondialdehyde (MDA) content could be effectively delayed, the decay index and decay rate of hami melon (P<0.05) were significantly reduced, and the decay symptom of Hami melon fruit was alleviated.【Conclusion】 Walnut green skin polyphenols have a regulatory effect on reactive oxygen species metabolism during post harvest storage, thereby achieving the goal of delaying fruit aging and decay after harvest.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.012 【Objective】 To screen the best disinfection methods and mastere the best method of promoting seed germination of Dried Apricot seeds, and meanwhile, to clarify germination and seedling growth characteristics of the seeds in the hope of revealing the seed dormancy mechanism and improving the seedling growth quality.【Methods】 In this experiment, four disinfection methods were set up to disinfect apricot seeds, and the Dried Apricot seeds were treated with hormone method, warm soup soaking method, low temperature layering method, and hormone + low temperature layering method, and after that, the germination and seedling growth indexes were measured.【Results】 (1) The mold rate of apricot seeds treated with 1% carbendazim was 0.00%, the least toxic to seeds, and the highest germination rate of seeds was 88.67%.(2) The seed germination rate of Dried Apricot was lower after soaking in hormone and warm soup without peeling treatment, which indicated that Dried Apricot seeds had dormancy characteristics of seed coat.The germination time of the Dried Apricot seeds with shell was long at low temperature stratification, which indicated that the shell of the apricot had dormancy characteristics of seed shell.(3) Under different methods, the germination and seedling emergence time of Dried Apricot seeds treated with 500 mg/L gibberellin treatment was the shortest, and the seedling growth characteristics was the best, with a germination rate of 90.50% and a seedling emergence rate of 80.10%.In addition, after 120 days of low-temperature layering treatment of Dried Apricot, the germination rate and seedling emergence rate were higher, the germination rate was 84.67%, the seedling emergence rate was 79.10%, and the seedling growth characteristics were good, but the breeding time was longer.The seed germination rate and seedling emergence rate of warm soup soaking and low temperature layer after hormone treatment were generally not high, the seedling emergence rate was not uniform, and the seedling growth characteristics were poor.【Conclusion】 The comprehensive analysis shows that 1% carbendazim has the best disinfection effect on apricot seeds, and compared with Dried Apricot seeds treated by different methods, the germination rate and seedling emergence rate of semi-peeled seeds treated with 500mg/L gibberellin are higher, the seedling growth characteristics is the best, the cultivation cycle can be greatly shortened, so the seedling cultivation method can be used in production.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.013 【Objective】 To study the effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the preservation of fresh fruits of Lycium barbarum under low temperature conditions, and screen the appropriate gas parameters in the hope of providing a theoretical reference for the storage and transportation of fresh fruits of Lycium barbarum in Xinjiang production.【Methods】 Fresh fruits of Xinjiang Jinghe wolfberry were used as test material, and three different gas permeable films were used to pack the fruits, that was low (4.0%-5.2%CO₂), medium (3.4%-4.0% CO₂), and high (2.2%-3.3% CO₂), under the storage environment of (0±1) °C.The fruit decay rate, weight loss rate, textural characteristics, fruit surface color, different respiratory pathway rates, soluble solids, ascorbic acid, and malondialdehyde and other fruit qualities were measured regularly during the storage.Afterwards, the effect of different gas-conditioned packaging treatments on the fresh fruit preservation effect of Lycium barbarum were analyzed.【Results】 Compared with CK, the treatment of medium permeable packaging (3.4%-4.0% CO₂) significantly inhibited the decay rate and weight loss rate of wolfberry fresh fruit, maintain better texture characteristics and color of wolfberry fresh fruit, reduced the total respiration rate, delayed the decrease of soluble solids and ascorbic acid content and the increased of malondialdehyde content, and effectively maintain the quality of wolfberry fresh fruit in Jinghe.【Conclusion】 Medium breathable packaging (3.4%-4.0% CO₂) fresh fruit of Lycium barbarum L.in Jinghe has the best preservation effect, so that the fruit can still maintain good commercial value after 30 days of storage.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.014 【Objective】 Screening the optimal storage period treatment method for grey jujube and establishing its prediction model.【Methods】 Based on the current situation of the industry and processing enterprises, under outdoor natural storage conditions, with a storage period of 180 days, pre-treatment methods such as 23% and 28% different initial moisture content, and different stacking heights (5, 10, 20 and 40 cm bulk) were used to evaluate the moisture content, blackhead disease, sensory quality, total sugar content, total acid content, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and VC content of gray jujube during storage comparative studies were conducted on factors such as cAMP content to screen for optimal treatment methods.【Results】 The results showed that the outdoor 20 cm stacking method, with an initial moisture content controlled at 23% could effectively maintain the quality of gray jujube fruit during storage.It was a simple and feasible pre-treatment method for gray jujube processing in processing enterprises.【Conclusion】 According to Arrhenius equation, the content of total sugar, VC and total phenol conforms to the first-order reaction kinetics, while the contents of water, incidence of blackhead, sensory evaluation, total acid content, total flavone content and cAMP content conform to the zero-order reaction kinetics.It is proved that the kinetic model can predict the shelf life of Junzao.The quality control technology with strong applicability is formed to improve the quality of jujube processing products through industrialization demonstration.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.015 【Objective】 This study aims to explore the optimal water and fertilizer application scheme suitable for sand cultivated tomato in southern Xinjiang and provide a reasonable theoretical basis for sand cultivated tomato production in this region.【Methods】 The test set four factors: irrigation water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, five levels in each factor; By using four binary universal rotation combinations, a total of 20 treatment combinations, each repeated 3 times to determine the tomato leaf chlorophyll content difference and synthetic day characteristics, and finally, the principal component analysis was carried out for comprehensive evaluation.【Results】 The ranking of the treatments was g₉ > g₃ > g₇ > g₁₁ >g₅ >g₂> g₁₈ >g₁₂ >g₁> g₆> g₁₆>g₄ >g₁₄> g₂₀>g₁₀> g₁9> g₁₇> g₁₃> g₁₅>g₈.Each index in g₉ treatment was well.【Conclusion】 In the process of tomato sand cultivation in southern Xinjiang, g₉ treatment (the irrigation level : 310mm/hm², the amount of nitrogen: 570 kg/hm², the amount of phosphorus: 438 kg/hm², the amount of potassium: 738 kg/hm²) can effectively promote the growth and development of tomato plants.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.016 【Objective】 To systematically study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus reduction and potassium synergism on the growth, nutrient absorption and distribution and yield change of processing tomato and screen the optimum amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the growth by taking the processing tomato as the research object in the hope of providing scientific basis for the high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation.【Methods】 Taking processed tomatoes as the research object,five treatments were set up in the experiment: treatment 1 conventional nitrogen phosphate fertilizer (conventional NP), treatment 2 90% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer (90% NP), treatment 3 80% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer (80% NP), treatment 4 90% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer (90% NP+K), treatment 5 80% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer (80% NP+K).Each process was repeated 3 times.【Results】 There was no significant difference in the quality of processing tomato under the condition of reduced nitrogen and phosphorus application.Compared with conventional NP treatment, 90% NP and 80% NP treatment did not significantly reduce the biomass, yield and N, P, K nutrient uptake of processing tomato, and 90% NP treatment was better than 80% NP treatment.【Conclusion】 The quality, yield and economic benefit of processing tomato can be improved by applying potassium fertilizer under the condition of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.017 【Objective】 To conduct fruit quality analysis and comprehensive evaluation of wild sea buckthorn germplasm resources in Xinjiang in the hope of clarifying the characteristics of its ermplasm resources and providing a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of its resources and the selection and breeding of new varieties.【Methods】 Through the investigation of wild sea-thorn germplasm resources, in Ili, Bozhou, Altay region of Xinjiang, with 11 wild sea buckthorn germplasm resources as the research object, the appearance phenotype discrimination was analyzed and identified, and their quality and active ingredient indicators were measured.Meanwhile, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and systematic cluster analysis were performed to construct a comprehensive evaluation model, and the comprehensive scores of fruit quality were calculated and ranked.【Results】 The results showed that there were varying degrees of correlation between the fruit quality and active ingredient indicators of the 11 wild sea buckthorn germplasm resources.Principal component analysis extracted 3 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 86.298%.A comprehensive evaluation model of the fruit quality of wild sea buckthorn germplasm resources was established.Systematic cluster analysis divided the 11 wild sea buckthorn germplasm resources into 3 categories, and the classification results were basically consistent with the comprehensive evaluation results of the principal components.【Conclusion】 The comprehensive evaluation model shows that AQ01, AB01, and AB02 are the excellent wild sea buckthorn germplasm resources collected, which are suitable for fresh consumption and processing into fruit juice, fruit candies, and fruit jams.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.018 【Objective】 Accurate recognition of green chili peppers using machine vision is an important prerequisite for realizing intelligent picking of chili peppers, so in view of the natural conditions of pepper occlusion, this study aims to accurately identify the problem.【Methods】 A chili pepper target detection model based on improved YOLOv5 was proposed, CA (Coordinate Attention) was added in YOLOv5 backbone network Attention mechanism in the YOLOv5 backbone network to enhance the extraction of chili pepper feature information and further enhance the extraction of target location information; meanwhile, a Bi-FPN structure was used in the feature fusion network to improve the model's ability to recognize occluded chili peppers.【Results】 By training on the self-constructed chili pepper dataset, the results showed that the improved model achieved an average accuracy of 91%, which was higher compared to the other models.【Conclusion】 The method proposed in this paper has high accuracy in recognizing occluded green chili peppers in natural environments, which can provide technical support for the accurate recognition of chili pepper intelligent picking robots.

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