Channel: Germplasm Resources · Molecular Genetics. Cultivation Physiology · Physiology and Biochemistry Microbes https://www.xjnykx.com EN-US https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/1001-4330/current.shtml https://www.xjnykx.com 1001-4330 https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.001 【Objective】 In order to explore the green control technology of cotton Verticillium wilt, the effects of two different application methods on cotton growth and control of verticillium wilt under the synergistic effect of Protaetia brevitarsis worm dung-sand and microbial agents will be clarified, in the hope of providing scheme reference for green control of the cotton disease and sustainable development of cotton industry.【Methods】 Four treatments of larvae dung-sand combined with Bacillus subtilis (LD-KC), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (LD-JDF), Trichoderma harzianum (LD-HC) and Zhongmian Junletu (LD-ZM) were set up, and total base fertilizer of the larvae dung-sand combined with microbial agents (TBF) and base fertilizer of larvae dung-sand+dressing microbial agents (BF+DBM) were used respectively.【Results】 The growth and development indexes of cotton in BF+DBM group (plant height, stem diameter, first node of fruit branches, etc.) were better than those in TBF group, with LD-JDF and LD-ZM performing better. The yield increase of seed cotton in BF+DBM group was significantly higher than those in TBF group and control group (CK). The yield increase of seed cotton in BF+DBM group was 24.37%-33.40%. The highest yield increase was achieved in LD-JDF group (33.40%), followed by LD-HC (31.10%). In the early stage of Verticillium wilt, the disease index of TBF group was 3.80-5.85, the disease index of LD-JDF treatment was higher, reaching 44.36%, the disease index of BF+DBM group was 2.50-5.33, the disease index of LD-HC treatment was the lowest, and the prevention effect was 63.40%. In the late stage of Verticillium wilt, the disease indexes of TBF group and BF+DBM group were between 27.00-31.67 and 21.67-30.83, respectively, and JDF had the highest control effect, reaching 19.00% and 34.98% respectively.【Conclusion】 During the whole growth period of cotton, the basic application of larvae dung-sand combined with semi-quantitative biocontrol bacteria plus semi-quantitative biocontrol bacteria topdressing can effectively promote the growth and development of cotton, and has a good control effect on cotton Verticillium wilt, and the effect of increasing production is more obvious. LD-JDF has the best effect of increasing production, and base fertilizer of larvae dung-sand+dressing biocontrol microorganisms.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.002 【Objective】 To explore the effects of arch greenhouse cultivation measures under the technique of "dry sowing and wet emergence" on the emergence rate, growth process, and growth mechanism of cotton.【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted in Hailou Town, Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2023.The experiment was performed with two factors: sowing time and greenhouse cultivation.The conventional "dry sowing and wet emergence" was used as the control, with a total of four experimental treatments, namely: sowing time on April 7th and April 13th (April 13th is the local field sowing date).At the same sowing time, two cultivation management methods were used: "dry sowing and wet emergence"+greenhouse and conventional "dry sowing and wet emergence".Afterwards, the response characteristics under different treatments were analyzed such as air temperature, soil water heat salt, cotton emergence rate, growth indicators, and physiological characteristics under different treatments.【Results】 The temperature inside the greenhouse was higher than the atmospheric temperature under the treatment of "dry sowing and wet discharge" and "arched shed".In the 0-40 cm soil layer, as the soil layer deepened, the warming effect of the arch shed gradually slowed down.Compared with the conventional "dry sowing and wet discharge" treatment, the average soil moisture content in the 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 1.57% to 2.16%, and the average soil moisture content in the 20-40 cm soil layer increased by 0.46% to 2.11%.Moreover, the electrical conductivity of the 0-40 cm layers of soil treated with "dry sowing and wet discharge" and arched shed was lower than that of the "dry sowing and wet discharge" treatment.The height, stem diameter, and aboveground dry matter accumulation of cotton plants treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" and arched shed were significantly higher than those treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" (P<0.05).The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of cotton treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" and arched shed were 12.11%-14.29% and 32.74%-41.68% higher than those treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence", respectively.【Conclusion】 Arched shed treatment can increase surface soil temperature, improve soil water retention capacity, reduce soil salt content, increase cotton emergence rate, promote cotton plant height, stem diameter, aboveground dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index growth, which is conducive to cotton photosynthesis.In addition, early sowing has a significant promoting effect on cotton growth.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.003 【Objective】 In order to screen out the suitable thiabilone spraying period and times in the process of cotton growth and development, the effects of foliar spraying of thidiazuron reagent on cotton growth and yield will be studied.【Methods】 In 2021, the experiment of Pencil Thiophenone was carried out in Dafeng Town, Hutubi County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture.The cotton variety Xinluzao 82 was used as the test material.150 mL/hm² was used as the spraying standard, and T₁, T₂, T₃ were used as the spraying treatments once, which were sprayed in bud, flower and boll stages respectively.T₄, T₅, T₆ were sprayed twice, respectively, in bud and boll stage, bud and boll stage, boll and boll stage.T₇ was sprayed for three times, spraying once in bud-blooming, flowering and boll-blooming stages.There were 7 treatments and one clean water control.The effects of spraying times and spraying cycle of Thidiazuron on agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield and quality of cotton were studied.【Results】 The results showed that the number of fruit branches and bolls in T₅ treatment increased by 1.8 and 3 compared with the control.After 60 days of application, the dry matter accumulation of T₅ treatment increased by 28.94 g compared with CK, and the dry matter of reproductive organs accounted for a larger proportion than CK, increasing by 6.5%.Compared with CK, the effective boll number and single boll weight of cotton treated with T₅ increased by 0.45 and 0.37g, respectively, and the yield of seed cotton and lint cotton treated with T₆ increased by 20.7% and 17.9%, respectively.Compared with CK, the fiber length of the top half of T₅ treatment increased by 0.4%.【Conclusion】 It is recommended to spray thidiazuron twice, and spraying it in full bud stage can promote the growth and development of cotton.Spraying it in full boll stage can increase the yield of cotton, and using thidiazuron as a plant growth regulator has a positive effect on cotton.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.004 【Objective】 The effect of microbial agents is greatly influenced by crop and ecological conditions, so this research aims to screen the functional strains adapted to the growth promotion, lodging resistance and biotic or abiotic stress tolerance in Xinjiang soil type and climate characteristics.To provide high-quality bacterial resources for the development of microbial fertilizers suitable for Xinjiang arid areas.【Methods】 Ecological adaptability studies showed that these strains had varying degrees of salt alkali and drought resistance, etc.【Results】 Nine strains with growth promoting functions were isolated from soils in different ecological environments in Xinjiang.The effects of single and compound bacteria on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat were determined using seed soaking method by pot experiment.In mild saline alkali soil, the germination rate of 9 strains increased by 6.67%-33.33%, the plant height increased by 6.91%-54.09%, the fresh weight increased by 15.74%-75.32%, and the chlorophyll content increased by 27.03%-143.87%.8 strains increased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase with disease resistance in wheat plants, and the increase ranged between 18.06%-89.59%.5 strains of increased the peroxidase activities with stress resistance in wheat plants.3 strains increased the lignin content related to lodging resistance in wheat plants by 19.10%, 13.77%, and 8.43%, respectively.Combining functions such as growth promotion, lodging resistance, and stress resistance, three strains of Y24 (Paenibacillus), SD5 (Bacillus), and L6 (Halomonas) with different functions of promoting growth, resisting lodging and promoting premature maturation were combined.The combination of SD5-L6 treatment had the best effect on wheat growth and physiological characteristics.Compared to SD5 and L6, the germination rate and fresh weight increased by 7.15% and 0.00%, 133.33% and 1.23%, respectively.The content of chlorophyll and lignin increased by 100.00% and 92.03%, 5.34% and 2.45%, respectively.The activity of PAL and POD enzymes increased by 8.25% and 44.80%, 4.13% and -6.04%, respectively.【Conclusion】 Under mild saline alkali stress in arid areas of Xinjiang, wheat plant height does not increase significantly after combination, but the functional effects of germination rate, fresh weight, photosynthesis, lodging resistance, and stress resistance are significantly better than those of a single strain, which shows that different strains can synergistically increase efficiency.The combination of Bacillus and halomonas can play a greater role in promoting wheat growth and enhancing plant stress resistance.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.005 【Objective】 It is necessary to determine the most suitable variety under different selection goals and the best comprehensive evaluation method for different selection goals of millet varieties.【Methods】 In this study from 2021 to 2022, 25 agronomic traits, yield, and quality indicators of 20 new millet varieties were analyzed and compared.Meanwhile, the entropy weight method was used to assign weights to each indicator, and DTOPSIS method and grey relational degree analysis method were used to evaluate different varieties.【Results】 Except for thousand-grain weight, the differences between varieties in the other 24 indicators reached a highly significant level.The ranking results of the two analytical methods, DTOPSIS and grey relational analysis, showed a higher degree of agreement with the yield ranking results.This indicated that grey relational analysis payed more attention to the evaluation of yield than the DTOPSIS method.The maximum difference value of Ci was 30.01%, the maximum difference value of ri was 7.71%, and the maximum difference value of γ was 11.85%, indicating that the DTOPSIS method could better demonstrate the differences between varieties.【Conclusion】 The DTOPSIS method and the weighted grey relational analysis method based on entropy weight are suitable for the comprehensive evaluation of millet varieties.In semi-arid production areas, if higher yield varieties are needed, Zhangzagu 16 should be selected; if varieties with more balanced traits are needed, Jinmiao K₂ should be chosen; if varieties with a balance between yield and various traits are needed, Jigu 22 should be selected.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.006 【Objective】 To study and clarify the effect of sowing time on the nutrition and flavor of Jinfen 107 millet.The finding of which might provide a certain reference for future sowing agronomy and germplasm work, agricultural product processing and consumption selection.【Methods】 The basic nutrients of spring sown foxtail millet and winter sown foxtail millet were detected and the nutritional analysis and evaluation of fatty acids were carried out.Gas chromatography-ion migration chromatography (GC-IMS) technology was used to determine and analyze the volatile components of spring sown and winter sown foxtailmillet, and the differences between different products were explored based on the fingerprint of volatile components.【Results】 Spring sown foxtail millet had a higher content of basic nutrients such as protein than winter sown foxtail millet, while winter sown foxtail millet had a higher content of some vitamins and carotenoids than spring sown foxtail millet, and it also contained more nutritious and healthy fatty acids.Through GC-IMS technology, a total of 68 volatile differential substances were detected in spring and winter sown foxtail millet from Jinfen 107.Among them, winter sown foxtail millet had a richer variety of flavor substances, with the highest content of aldehydes, as well as various alcohols, ketones, esters, and heterocyclic compounds.【Conclusion】 Different sowing times can indeed have a corresponding impact on the nutrition and flavor of foxtail millet.

]]> https://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.007 【Objective】 To enhance the utilization efficiency of spring soybean germplasm resources in northeast China and identify high-quality materials.【Methods】 A total of 209 cultivars and landraces underwent a series of statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, segmented linear regression analysis, and a comprehensive evaluation of 12 traits over a three-year period.【Results】 The range of phenotypic coefficients of variation and diversity indices indicated that branch node number, stem thickness, and one hundred seed weight showed a relatively stable pattern.In contrast, nine traits, including number of branches, percentage of damaged seeds weight by insect of total seed weight per plant, and pod number per plant, exhibited a high degree of variability.Principal component analysis revealed that all traits could be condensed into yield, insect resistance, one hundred seed weight, and plant architecture factors.The yield factor was positively correlated with plant architecture factor and negatively correlated with one hundred seed weight, percentage of damaged seeds by insect of total seed number per plant, and percentage of damaged seeds weight by insect of total seed weight per plant.Germplasm resources could be classified into four categories.Class I was characterized by moderate plant architecture and high pod number.Class II was distinguished by short plants and low yield per plant.Class III was defined by ideal plant architecture and the highest yield.Class IV was similar to Group I but exhibited poor insect resistance.The results of piecewise linear regression analysis indicated that the optimal high-yielding soybean characteristics exhibited a plant height of approximately 102.03 cm, 19.93 nodes, 3.5 branches, 11.39 mm stem thickness, 99.73 pods, and 286.09 seeds, with minimal feeding by soybean pod borer.The DTOPSIS (dynamic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) method calculated D scores of the germplasm ranging from 0.59 to -0.25, with a mean of 0.16.【Conclusion】 The phenotypic diversity of spring soybeans in northeast China is considerable, with Class I and Class III representing promising sources for plant architecture improvement and high-yield breeding, respectively.High-yielding soybeans are distinguished by their moderate plant architecture, high seed number, and insect resistance.The three resources Soy194, Soy052, and Soy196, which have achieved excellent D scores, are exemplary germplasm for soybean breeding.

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