中国西门塔尔牛产犊影响因素分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析不同胎次、产犊季节、犊牛初生重、犊牛性别和产犊类型对中国西门塔尔牛产犊的影响,降低牛场难产率。【方法】收集新疆伊犁某规模化牛场2018~2023年母牛产犊信息,共记录18 405条。采用SAS9.2软件对产犊因素进行最小二乘分析。【结果】胎次对产犊难易有极显著的影响(P<0.01);产犊季节对产犊难易存在显著影响(P<0.05);犊牛初生重对产犊难易有极显著影响(P<0.01);犊牛性别对产犊难易存在极显著的影响(P<0.01);产犊类型(单胎和双胎)对产犊难易有极显著影响(P<0.01)。【结论】春季和冬季母牛难产率较夏季高,在春冬两季温度过低,新生犊牛对恶劣的天气更加敏感,体重轻的犊牛子宫外环境的适应性较体重大的犊牛弱,公犊的难产普遍高于母犊。

关键词: 中国西门塔尔牛; 产犊难易; 胎次; 产犊类型; 犊牛初生重

Abstract:

【Objective】The calving difficulty of Simmental Cattle in China was analyzed by different parity, calving season, calf birth weight, calf sex and calving type.【Methods】Calving information of 18405 cows from 2018 to 2023 was collected from a large-scale cattle farm in Yili, Xinjiang and the least squares analysis of calving difficulty and ease factors was carried out by using SAS9.2 software.【Results】The parity had a significant effect on calving difficulty (P< 0.01). Calving season had significant effect on calving difficulty (P < 0.05). The birth weight of calves had a significant effect on calving difficulty (P< 0.01). The sex of calves had significant effect on calving difficulty (P< 0.01). Calving type (singleton and twin) had a significant effect on calving difficulty (P< 0.01).【Conclusion】The difficult childbirth rate of cows in spring and wither is higher than that in summer;Low temperatares in spring and winter make newborn calves more sensitive to harsh weather conditions;calves with lighter body weight have weaker adaptability to the external environment of the uterus conpared to calves with heavier boby weight; The difficulty of childbirth in male calves is generally higher than that in female calves.

Key words: Chinese Simmental Cattle; calving difficulty; parity; calving type; calf birth weight

中图分类号:

S823

胡泽旭, 王传军, 张晓雪, 张梦华, 张涛, 谭雪婷, 尚燕燕, 马凯伦, 王成成, 张贵霞, 黄锡霞. 中国西门塔尔牛产犊影响因素分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 775-780.

HU Zexu, WANG Chuanjun, ZHANG Xiaoxue, ZHANG Menghua, ZHANG Tao, TAN Xueting, SHANG Yanyan, MA Kailun, WANG Chengcheng, ZHANG Guixia, HUANG Xixia. Analysis of calving difficulty of Chinese Simmental Cattle in Yili area[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 775-780.

图/表 7

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产犊难易评分 Grading calving difficulty	样本数 Sample size	比例 Proportion(%)
1	18 132	98.5
2	22	0.1
3	134	0.7
4	114	0.6
5	3	0.1
合计total	18 405	100

产犊难易评分 Grading calving difficulty	样本数 Sample size	比例 Proportion(%)
1	18 132	98.5
2	22	0.1
3	134	0.7
4	114	0.6
5	3	0.1
合计total	18 405	100

因素 Factor	自由度 Degree of freedom	三型平方和 Three-type sum of squares	F
胎次Panity	4	2.02	6.2^**
产犊季节 Calving seasons	3	0.43	1.76^ns
产犊类型 Types of calving	1	2.45	30.01^**
犊牛初生重 Birth weight	4	37.79	115.96^**
犊牛性别 Sexuality	1	6.84	83.91^**

因素 Factor	自由度 Degree of freedom	三型平方和 Three-type sum of squares	F
胎次Panity	4	2.02	6.2^**
产犊季节 Calving seasons	3	0.43	1.76^ns
产犊类型 Types of calving	1	2.45	30.01^**
犊牛初生重 Birth weight	4	37.79	115.96^**
犊牛性别 Sexuality	1	6.84	83.91^**

胎次 Gravidity	样本量 Sample size	产犊难易 Calving ease	难产发生率 Incidence of dystocia (%)
1	6 057	1.04±0.007^Aa	2.43
2	4 539	1.02±0.006^Bb	0.84
3	3 281	1.02±0.007^Bb	0.82
4	2 184	1.03±0.008^ABab	1.28
≥5	2 344	1.02±0.008^Bb	1.24