新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(11): 2667-2675 DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.11.007

种质资源·分子遗传学·生理生化·微生物

基于主成分分析比较不同加工番茄品种叶绿素的荧光参数及光合特性

赵文轩,1, 程云霞1, 谭占明,1, 李春雨2, 束胜3, 阿依买木·沙吾提1, 杨历雨1, 苗献军4

1.塔里木大学园艺与林学学院南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室/新疆生产建设兵团南疆特色果树生产工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300

2.塔里木大学信息工程学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300

3.南京农业大学园艺学院,南京 210095

4.新疆西晶农业科技有限公司, 新疆图木舒克, 843900

Comparison of chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic characteristics of different processed tomato varieties based on principal component analysis

ZHAO Wenxuan,1, CHENG Yunxia1, TAN Zhanming,1, LI Chunyu2, SHU Sheng3, Ayimaimu Shawuti1, YANG Liyu1, MIAO Xianjun4

1. National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-Quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Southern Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit Trees/Southern Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit Tree Production Engineering Laboratory, XPCC, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China

2. College of Information Engineering, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China

3. College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

4. Xinjiang Xijing Agriculiural Technology Co., Ltd., Tumshuke Xinjiang, 843900, China

通讯作者: 谭占明(1991-),男,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,副教授,硕士,研究方向为设施蔬菜高效栽培及抗逆性生理,(E-mail)tlmdxtzm@taru.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2024-04-21  

基金资助: 新疆生产建设兵团农业关键核心技术攻关项目(NYHXGG2023AA311)
新疆蔬菜产业技术体系(XJARS-07)
新疆生产建设兵团第三师图木舒克市科技计划项目(KY2022GG05)
南疆特色蔬菜种质资源库建设(TDZKY202101)
2021年塔里木大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2021131)

Corresponding authors: TAN Zhanmin(1991-),male,from Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia,master,associate professor,master's supervisor,research direction:efficient cultivation and stress resistance physiology of facility vegetables,(E-mail)tlmdxtzm@taru.edu.cn

Received: 2024-04-21  

Fund supported: Agricultural key core technology research project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(NYHXGG2023AA311)
Xinjiang vegetable industry technology system(XJARS-07)
Science and Technology Plan Project of Tumshuk City of the Third Division(KY2022GG05)
Construction of germplasm resource bank of characteristic vegetables in southern Xinjiang(TDZKY202101)
2021 Tarim University College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(2021131)

作者简介 About authors

赵文轩(2001-),男,河南郾城人,本科,研究方向为设施农业科学与工程,(E-mail)1587178203@qq.com

摘要

【目的】筛选适宜新疆南疆地区栽培的加工番茄品种。【方法】以9个加工番茄为材料,测定比较叶绿素荧光参数、光合参数、叶绿素相对含量以及产量等指标,探究9个加工番茄品种间的差异,利用主成分分析结合聚类分析综合评价各品种的各项指标。【结果】T1(佳禾红运)叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素相对含量、光合参数及产量相较其他品种表现较好,其中Fv/Fm为0.81,qP为0.85,Pn为19.63 μmol/(m2·s),Gs为0.54 mmol/(m2·s),Tr为8.25 mmol/(m2·s),均与其他品种存在显著性差异。【结论】佳禾红运光合能力和环境适应能力较强,产量高,适合新疆阿拉尔市栽培。

关键词： 加工番茄; 叶绿素荧光; 光合特性; 产量; 主成分

Abstract

【Objective】 To select processed tomato varieties suitable for cultivation in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 9 kinds of processed tomatoes were used as test materials, and the differences between 9 processed tomato varieties were explored by comparing the fluorescence parameters, photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll relative content and yield of 9 processed tomatoes, and the indicators of each variety were comprehensively evaluated and ranked by principal component analysis combined with cluster analysis.【Results】 The results showed that the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll relative content, photosynthetic parameters and yield of T1 ('Jiahe Hongyun') performed better than other varieties, among which Fv/Fm was 0.81, qP was 0.85, Pn was 19.63 μmol/(m2·s), Gs was 0.54 mmol/(m2·s), and Tr was 8.25 mmol/(m2·s), all of which were significantly different from other varieties.【Conclusion】 It shows that 'Jiahe Hongyun' has strong photosynthetic ability and environmental adaptability, high yield, so it is suitable for cultivation in Xinjiang Aral City and surrounding areas.

Keywords： processed tomatoes; chlorophyll fluorescence; photosynthetic properties; yield; principal component

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本文引用格式

赵文轩, 程云霞, 谭占明, 李春雨, 束胜, 阿依买木·沙吾提, 杨历雨, 苗献军. 基于主成分分析比较不同加工番茄品种叶绿素的荧光参数及光合特性[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(11): 2667-2675 DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.11.007

ZHAO Wenxuan, CHENG Yunxia, TAN Zhanming, LI Chunyu, SHU Sheng, Ayimaimu Shawuti, YANG Liyu, MIAO Xianjun. Comparison of chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic characteristics of different processed tomato varieties based on principal component analysis[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(11): 2667-2675 DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.11.007

0 引言

【研究意义】加工番茄营养价值丰富,抗病虫能力较强,耐储运,且适应性强,栽培面积广,主要用于制作番茄酱、番茄汁等加工产品[1-2],在优化种植结构等方面发挥了重要作用[3],在我国番茄生产和消费中占有重要地位。加工番茄也是我国新疆特色优势之一,但受种质资源和新品种选育滞后等因素制约了新疆加工番茄产业发展[4]。因此,丰富新疆加工番茄种质资源的多样性与筛选优良种质,对新疆加工番茄新品种选育和产业发展具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】植物生长过程中,光合作用能将光能转化为有机物并放出能量,维持植物生长,参与植物代谢活动,对植物生长发育具有重要意义[5-6]。王诗娴等[7]通过比较不同品种观赏型铁线莲叶绿素荧光特性,发现Fv/Fm值与原初潜在光化学、光能利用和光合性能成正比;程露等[8]认为叶绿素相对含量、Fv/Fm值与植物抗逆性成反比;Demmig 等[9]研究发现,植物在适宜的生长环境中,Fv/Fm为0.75~0.85;涂淑萍[10]和匡经舸等[11]研究发现,不同品种植物净光合速率与蒸腾速率、气孔导度均呈正相关,与胞间CO2浓度呈负相关。【本研究切入点】目前对新疆加工番茄品种筛选的研究多集中在耐盐性、抗病性、品质性状、营养品质[12⇓⇓-15]等方面,但从选育高光效品种的角度,综合比较不同品种加工番茄叶绿素相对含量、光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的研究甚少。需筛选适宜新疆南疆地区栽培的加工番茄品种。【拟解决的关键问题】以9个加工番茄为供试材料,测定叶绿素荧光参数、光合参数、叶绿素和产量,筛选出适宜阿拉尔市栽培的优良加工番茄品种。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料

试验在塔里木大学园艺试验站新型日光温室进行。试验地位于新疆阿拉尔市(80°30'~81°58'E,40°22'~40°57'N),年均降水量为40.1~82.5 mm,蒸发量1 876.6~2 558.9 mm。以佳禾红运、Q020、早得、美国世纪红、新引98-1、红宝石、红果三号、麒麟钻石、佳义2009个加工番茄品种为材料。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 试验设计

3月17日浸种催芽后播种于72孔穴盘中,待长至6叶1心(5月22日)时定植,各品种设置3个重复,每个重复1行,每行种植30株,株距0.30 m,行距0.40 m,小区面积3.48 m2。表1

表1   加工番茄品种

Tab.1  Processed tomato varieties

处理
Treat-
ments		品种
Varieties		来源
Source
T1佳禾红运新疆石河子佳禾农业有限公司
T2Q020新疆乌鲁木齐玉麒麟公司
T3早得新疆石河子农资种子公司
T4美国世纪红山东省寿光市富华种业
T5新引198-1新疆昌吉市农业技术推广站
T6红宝石新疆天地禾种业有限公司
T7红果三号新疆天地禾种业有限公司
T8麒麟钻石新疆乌鲁木齐玉麒麟公司
T9佳义200新疆新昊农业科技有限公司

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1.2.2 测定指标
1.2.2.1 叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)

盛果期利用SPAD-502型手持便携式叶绿素仪进行测定。每个品种选取12株长势一致的植株,每株番茄分别从顶端向下第3或4个功能叶测定。

1.2.2.2 叶绿素荧光参数

盛果期利用便携式脉冲调制叶绿素荧光仪(FluorPen FP 100,Czech Republic),于11:00时测定PSⅡ实际光合效率(ΦPSⅡ),23:00暗适应30 min后,测定PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm),非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ),光化学荧光淬灭系数(qP)。

1.2.2.3 光合特性

盛果期利用Li-6400便携式光合仪,11:00测定叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)等。

1.2.2.4 产量

盛果期称量单果重并计算单株结果数,根据小区面积计算每公顷产量。

1.3 数据处理

利用Excel进行数据整理,利用spss 26.0软件进行邓肯(Duncan)多重比较及皮尔逊(Pearson)相关性分析,Graphpad Prism 8.0.2制图软件绘图。

2 结果与分析

2.1 不同加工番茄品种间叶绿素相对含量比较

研究表明,不同加工番茄品种叶绿素相对含量均存在一定差异。其中T8SPAD值最高,为40.53,与其他品种差异均达到显著水平。其次为T1,为38.83,与其他品种差异均达到显著水平,T3SPAD值最低,为28.60,与其他品种差异均达到显著水平。各品种SPAD值由高到低依次为T8>T1>T6>T4>T7>T9>T2>T5>T3。图1

图1

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图1   不同加工番茄品种间叶绿素相对含量的比较

注:相同字母差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),下同

Fig.1   Comparisons of the relative chlorophyll content of different processed tomato cultivars

Notes:The same letter has no significant difference(P>0.05),different letters indicate significant differences(P<0.05),the same as below


2.2 不同加工番茄品种间叶绿素荧光参数比较

研究表明,不同品种加工番茄叶绿素荧光参数均存在差异。T5品种Fv/Fm最高,为0.84,除T3品种与T6品种以外,与其他品种均差异不显著,T5品种光能转换效率较高;T3品种Fv/Fm最低,为0.70,该品种受到光照的抑制程度较大,T3品种相比T5品种降低23%。T7品种ΦPSⅡ值最高,为0.66,与T6品种差异不显著,该品种光能捕获效率高;T4品种ΦPSⅡ值最低,为0.47,相较T7品种降低30%。T9品种NPQ值最大,为0.44,与T3品种差异不显著,与其他品种差异均达到显著水平,该品种光保护能力较强;T1品种NPQ值最低,为0.26,与其他品种差异均达到显著水平,与T9品种相比降低40%。T1品种qP值最高,为0.85,与其他品种差异均达到显著水平,该品种PSⅡ反应中心开放程度较高;T3品种qP值最低,为0.56,与其他品种差异均达到显著水平,相较T1品种降低35%。图2

图2

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图2   不同加工番茄品种间叶绿素荧光参数的比较

Fig.2   Comparisons of mesotylene fluorescence parameters of different processed tomato cultivars


2.3 不同加工番茄品种间光合特性的比较

研究表明,不同品种间光合参数均差异显著。T1品种Pn值最高,为19.63 μmol/(m2·s),与其他品种均差异显著,该品种净光合速率较快;T3品种Pn值最低,为16.85 μmol/(m2·s),与其他品种差异均达到显著水平,且与T1品种相差2.78 μmol/(m2·s)。T1品种Gs值较高,为0.54 mmol/(m2·s),与其他品种差异均达到显著水平,该品种气孔开放程度较大;T3品种Gs值最低,为0.21 mmol/(m2·s),与其他品种差异均达到显著水平,且与T1品种相比减少0.33 mmol/(m2·s)。T3品种Ci值较高,为335.76 μmol/mol,与其他品种差异均达到显著水平,该品种细胞间CO2浓度较高;T1品种Ci值最低,为291.59 μmol/mol,与其他品种差异均达到显著水平,且与T3品种相比降低44.17 μmol/mol。T1品种Tr值最高,为8.25 mmol/(m2·s),与其他品种差异均达到显著水平,该品种蒸腾速率较高;T3品种最低,为5.66 mmol/(m2·s),且与T3品种相比减少2.59 mmol/(m2·s)。图3

图3

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图3   不同加工番茄品种间叶绿素荧光参数的比较

Fig.3   Comparison of mesotylene fluorescence parameters of different processed tomato cultivars


2.4 不同加工番茄品种间产量的比较

研究表明,不同加工番茄品种间产量均存在差异。其中,T1品种产量最高,为167.72 t/hm2,与其他品种差异均达到显著水平。其次是T8品种,为158.66 t/hm2,T3品种产量最低,为97.57 t/hm2。产量排名为T1>T8>T4>T6>T7>T9>T5>T2>T3。图4

图4

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图4   不同加工番茄品种间产量的比较

Fig.4   Comparison of yields between different processed tomato varieties


2.5 不同加工番茄品种间各指标的变异比较

研究表明,不同加工番茄品种性状表现存在较大差异,变异系数变幅在4.42%~29.33%,平均变异系数为12.30%,变异系数最大的为Gs。4个荧光指标的变异系数变幅在6.11%~15.98%,平均为11.76%,变异系数最大的是NPQ,达15.98%,大小顺序依次为NPQ>qP>ΦPSⅡ>Fv/Fm,仅Fv/Fm的变异系数小于10%。4个光合特性指标的变异系数变幅在4.09%~29.33%,平均为12.18%,变异系数最大的是Gs,达29.33%,大小顺序依次为Gs>Tr>Pn>Ci,Pn,Ci的变异系数均小于10%。SPAD值的变异系数为12.49%。产量的变异系数为14.76%。各品种间指标差异较大,有利于品种筛选。表2

表2   不同加工番茄品种间各指标的描述性统计

Tab.2  Descriptive statistics of indicators among different processed tomato varieties

指标
Indexes		最大值
Maximum		最小值
Minimum		平均值
Average
value		标准差
Standard
deviation		变异系数
Coefficient of
variation (%)
PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量Fv/Fm0.840.700.80.056.11
PSⅡ实际光合效率ΦPSⅡ0.660.470.550.0712.28
非光化学淬灭系数NPQ0.440.260.360.0615.98
光化学荧光淬灭系数qP0.850.560.670.0812.66
叶绿素相对含量Chlorophyll relative content40.5328.633.74.2112.49
产量Yield(t/hm2)167.7297.57138.5920.4614.76
净光合速率Pn(μmol/(m2·s))19.6316.8518.570.824.42
气孔导度Gs(mmol/(m2·s))0.540.210.360.129.33
胞间CO2浓度Ci(μmol/mol)335.76291.59312.4712.794.09
蒸腾速率Tr(mmol/(m2·s))8.255.667.180.7810.89

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2.6 不同加工番茄品种间各指标的相关性

研究表明,各指标间具有一定的相关性。Fv/Fm与产量、Pn呈极显著正相关(R2=0.490,P<0.01;R2=0.511,P<0.01),与qP、Tr呈显著性正相关(R2=0.427,P<0.05;R2=0.415,P<0.05),与ΦPSⅡ、NPQ呈极显著负相关(R2=-0.542,P<0.01;R2=-0.509,P<0.01),与Ci呈显著负相关(R2=-0.441,P<0.05),与SPAD、Gs无显著相关;ΦPSⅡ与其他指标均无显著相关;NPQ与Ci呈极显著正相关(R2=0.585,P<0.01),与SPAD值呈显著性负相关(R2=0.422,P<0.05),与qP、产量、Gs、Tr、Pn均呈显著性负相关(R2=-0.716,P<0.01;R2=-0.559,P<0.01;R2=-579,P<0.01;R2=-0.500,P<0.01;R2=-0.525,P<0.01);qP与产量、Pn、Gs、Tr、SPAD均呈极显著正相关(R2=0.770,P<0.01;R2=0.729,P<0.01;R2=0.744,P<0.01;R2=0.727,P<0.01;R2=0.553,P<0.01;),与Ci均呈极显著负相关(R2=-0.803,P<0.01);SPAD值与产量、Pn、Gs、Tr均呈极显著正相关(R2=0.864,P<0.01;R2=0.826,P<0.01;R2=0.897,P<0.01;R2=0.861,P<0.01;),与Ci呈极显著负相关(R2=-0.873,P<0.01);产量与Pn、Gs、Tr均呈极显著正相关(R2=0.991,P<0.01;R2=0.935,P<0.01;R2=0.988,P<0.01),与Ci呈极显著负相关(R2=0.-991,P<0.01);Pn与Gs、Tr均呈极显著正相关(R2=0.918,P<0.01;R2=0.989,P<0.01),与Ci呈极显著负相关(R2=-0.980,P<0.01);Gs与Tr呈极显著正相关(R2=0.933,P<0.01),与Ci呈极显著负相关(R2=-0.962,P<0.01);Ci与Tr呈极显著负相关(R2=-0.985,P<0.01)。表3

表3   不同加工番茄品种间各指标的相关性

Tab.3  Correlation analysis of indicators among different processed tomato varieties

Fv/FmΦPSⅡNPQqPSPAD产量
Yield		PnGsCiTr
Fv/Fm1—————————
ΦPSⅡ-0.542**1————————
NPQ-0.509**0.1971———————
qP0.427*-0.331-0.716**1——————
SPAD0.1710.01-0.422*0.553**1—————
产量
Yield		0.491**-0.181-0.559**0.770**0.864**1————
Pn0.511**-0.176-0.525**0.729**0.826**0.991**1———
Gs0.328-0.1-0.579**0.744**0.897**0.935**0.918**1——
Ci-0.441*0.1630.585**-0.803**-0.873**-0.991**-0.980**-0.962**1—
Tr0.415*-0.133-0.500**0.727**0.861**0.988**0.989**0.933**-0.985**1

注:**在0.01级别(双尾),极显著相关;*在0.05级别(双尾),显著相关

Notes:**At the 0.01 level(two-tailed),the correlation was significant;* At the 0.05 level(two-tailed),the correlation was significant

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2.7 不同品种加工番茄间叶绿素荧光与光合特性、产量的综合性评价

研究表明,提取特征值大于1的2个主要成分,累计贡献率达86.32%,综合了加工番茄指标大部分信息。在第一主成分中,特征值为7.15,贡献率为71.45%,产量、Pn、Gs和Tr是主要指标,特征向量分别为0.37、0.36、0.36和0.36,可概括为光合特性因子。第二主成分的特征值为1.49,贡献率为14.87%,ΦPSⅡ、SPAD值是主要指标,可概括为叶绿素因子。前2个主成分的函数表达式如下:

F1=0.22X1-0.09X2-0.28X3+0.32X4+0.32X5+0.37X6+0.36X7+0.36X8-0.37X9+0.36X10;

F2=-0.53X1+0.66X2+0.28X3-0.17X4+0.33X5+0.08X6+0.07X7+0.18X8-0.10X9+0.15X10。

把F1、F2的方差贡献率当权重,建立综合评价标准:F=0.83F1+0.17F2,9个加工番茄品种的综合得分,T1(佳禾红运)的得分最高,其次是T8(麒麟钻石),T3(早得)的综合得分最低。表4,表5

表4   特征值、方差贡献率、累计贡献率及主成分系数

Tab.4  Eigenvalues, variance contribution rate, cumulative contribution rate and principal component coefficient

项目
Items		主成分1
Principal
component 1		主成分2
Principal
component 2
特征值Eigenvalues7.151.49
方差贡献率
Variance contribution rate(%)		71.4514.87
累计贡献率
Cumulative contribution rate(%)		71.4586.32
Fv/Fm(X1)0.22-0.53
ΦPSⅡ(X2)-0.090.66
NPQ(X3)-0.280.28
qP(X4)0.32-0.17
SPAD(X5)0.320.33
产量Yield(X6)0.370.08
Pn(X7)0.360.07
Gs(X8)0.360.18
Ci(X9)-0.37-0.10
Tr(X10)0.360.15

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表5   不同加工番茄品种间的综合评价比较及排名

Tab.5  Comprehensive evaluation comparison and ranking of different processed tomato varieties

品种
Varieties		F1F2F值
F value		排名
Ranking
T14.1811.175.381
T2-2.76-7.36-3.558
T3-4.01-10.72-5.179
T40.772.050.994
T5-2.04-5.45-2.637
T61.574.202.023
T70.681.810.875
T82.687.173.462
T9-1.07-2.86-1.386
权重Weights0.830.17

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2.8 不同加工番茄品种间叶绿素荧光与光合特性、产量的聚类分析

研究表明,每个样品从单独一类,逐次合并一直到全部合并成一大类。在欧氏距离10处可将9个品种分为3类,第1类为T1、T8;第2类为T4、T5、T6、T7、T2、T9;第3类为T3。图5

图5

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图5   SPSS对个案进行系统聚类树形图

Fig.5   SPSS performs a systematic clustering tree diagram of cases


第1类有2个品种,其特征为NPQ、Ci值最低,qP、SPAD值、产量、Gs值最高,其具有较高的光合潜力,且产量较好,适宜在阿拉尔及周边种植;第2类有6个品种;第3类有1个品种,其特征为Fv/Fm、Pn、Tr值最低,ΦPSⅡ值最高,其光合能力较弱,产量低,不适宜在新疆阿拉尔市及周边种植。表6

表6   不同加工番茄品种间的各类指标平均值结果

Tab.6  Average results of various indicators among different processed tomato varieties

分类
Classify		样本数
Number
of
samples		Fv/FmΦPSⅡNPQqPSPAD值
SPAD value		产量
yield
(t/hm2)		Pn
(μmol/
(m2·s))		Gs
(mmol/
(m2·s))		Ci
(μmol/mol)		Tr
(mmol/
(m2·s))
Ⅰ20.820.540.290.7839.68163.1919.430.50296.218.05
Ⅱ60.810.550.380.6532.56137.2218.570.33314.017.15
Ⅲ10.700.610.420.5628.6097.5716.850.21335.765.66
总计
Total		90.800.550.360.6733.70138.5818.570.36312.477.18

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3 讨论

3.1 光合作用因不同品种自身遗传特性或环境条件导致光合能力有所差异[16]。李时雨等[17]在相同环境和管理水平下,通过光合特性分析各品种之间的差异,发现不同品种间光合特性差异均较大。研究结果表明,不同品种的加工番茄光合参数与产量密切相关,其中,产量与净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)极显著正相关(R2=0.991;R2=0.935;R2=0.988),与胞间CO2浓度(Ci)成极显著负相关(R2=-0.991),说明光合能力越强,气孔开放程度越大,耗水量越高的品种产量就越高,与袁祖丽等[18]研究结果一致。同时,试验得出不同品种加工番茄净光合速率(Pn)与气孔导度(Gs)成极显著正相关(R2=0.918),与胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈极显著负相关 (R2=-0.980),说明气孔开放程度大,有利于吸收CO2及提高光合速率,与王卓敏等[19]研究结果一致。净光合速率(Pn)与蒸腾速率(Tr)成极显著正相关(R2=0.989),说明净光合速率高的品种蒸腾速率就越高,反之越小,与须海荣等[20]研究一致。

3.2 叶绿素荧光参数与植物光合作用关系密切,是研究植物光合作用的有效探针[21],其中Fv /Fm可有效反映PSⅡ反应中心叶片光化学反应的能力及光能转换效率,ΦPSⅡ与植物叶片光合电子传递快慢相关,可反映实际原初光能捕获效率,并为暗反应提高所需的能量,促进碳同化的高效运转和有机物积累,qP反映PSⅡ捕获的光量子转化为化学能的效率,而NPQ与植物耗散过剩光能为热量的能力有关[22]。刘兴[23]、丁俊男[24]和王诗娴等[7]通过对丁香、铁线莲和其他野生植物的研究表明,叶绿素荧光参数存在差异,与研究结果相同。研究中T3品种Fv/Fm值最低、ΦPSⅡ值最高,说明该品种受光照抑制程度较高,但可以积累更多暗适应所需的能量。其中,T1品种NPQ值最低、qP值最高,该品种光保护能力较弱,需适当遮阴,但光合活性较好,可以更好的将光能转化为化学能,适宜设施栽培。

主成分采用降维的方式,可将多个指标转化为综合评价值,用于比较和评价各品种间优劣[25-26]。王丹丹[27]、李伟明等[28]利用主成分分析,将不同品种蔬菜进行综合评价,筛选出适宜当地种植的品种。试验通过主成分分析将9个加工番茄品种的10个指标进行综合评价发现,T1品种(佳禾红运)的得分最高,为3.17。说明佳禾红运最适宜新疆阿拉尔市及周边地区种植。

4 结论

不同品种加工番茄之间叶绿素荧光参数,光合参数与产量均存在一定差异。其中T1(佳禾红运)qP值最高,为0.85;Pn、Gs和Tr较高,分别为19.63 μmol/(m2·s),0.54 mmol/(m2·s)和8.25 mmol/(m2·s),Ci最小,为291.59 μmol/mol;产量相对较高,为167.72 t/hm2。将综合评价由高到低依次排名为佳禾红运、美国世纪红、麒麟钻石、新引198-1、佳义200、Q020、红果三号、红宝石、早得。佳禾红运是阿拉尔市适宜栽培的加工番茄品种。

参考文献

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【目的】新疆有着全中国最大面积的盐碱地和加工番茄的种植基地。在新疆开展两年试验以研究加工番茄在氮盐交互下生长、生理、产量和品质的变化规律,获得适宜新疆盐碱地种植加工番茄的合理施氮量和土壤盐分范围,为新疆扩大加工番茄种植面积和合理施氮提供科学的理论依据及技术途径。【方法】试验于2017和2018年在石河子大学现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验基地进行,以当地主栽品种3166为试验材料,2017年试验共设置4个土壤含盐量水平：1.5、4.0、7.0和10.0 g·kg <sup>-1</sup>及4个氮素水平：201、166、131和96 kg·hm <sup>-2</sup>,2018年在2017年的基础上去除10.0 g·kg <sup>-1</sup>的土壤含盐量,增加5.0 g·kg <sup>-1</sup>的土壤含盐量和不施氮量处理。试验测定和分析加工番茄的荧光叶绿素参数、产量和品质指标。【结果】在氮盐交互下,加工番茄荧光参数及产量等指标均呈现出复杂的变化规律。绝大多数的荧光参数及产量受土壤盐分的主导作用较氮素强,在同等氮素水平下,7.0 g·kg <sup>-1</sup>和10.0 g·kg <sup>-1</sup>的土壤盐分对加工番茄荧光指标抑制程度最大;低盐分水平下,166 kg·hm <sup>-2</sup>的中等偏高的施氮量对加工番茄的荧光指标促进作用最大,其次是施氮201 kg·hm <sup>-2</sup>的处理;在中等偏高的盐分水平下,96 kg·hm <sup>-2</sup>的低氮对加工番茄的最好,其次为不施氮水平。加工番茄的鲜果产量总体上符合&#x0201C;盐高产低&#x0201D;的规律,但低氮高盐处理的产量明显高于其他同盐度的氮素水平下的产量。可溶性固形物、VC、可溶性糖和可滴定酸均随着土壤含盐量的增大逐渐增大,糖酸比的最大值均出现在低盐处理,盐分对加工番茄品质的影响远高于氮素,二者交互对加工番茄的品质并无显著性影响。通过图形叠加分析方法,得出了加工番茄获得相对最优产量和品质的合理施氮范围和土壤含盐量区间。【结论】在盐碱程度偏高的土壤可通过少施氮素来提高加工番茄产量;加工番茄获得相对最优产量和品质的合理施氮范围和土壤含盐量区间为N：98.12—119.60 kg·hm <sup>-2</sup>,S：3.57—5.58 g·kg <sup>-1</sup>。

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DOI      [本文引用: 1]

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High-light treatments (1750-2000 μmol photons m(-2) · s(-1)) of leaves from a number of higher-plant species invariably resulted in quenching of the maximum 77K chlorophyll fluorescence at both 692 and 734 nm (F M, 692 and F M, 734). The response of instantaneous fluorescence at 692 nm (F O, 692) was complex. In leaves of some species F O, 692 increased dramatically in others it was quenched, and in others yet it showed no marked, consistent change. Regardless of the response of F O, 692 an apparently linear relationship was obtained between the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (F V/F M, 692) and the photon yield of O2 evolution, indicating that photoinhibition affects these two variables to approximately the same extent. Treatment of leaves in a CO2-free gas stream containing 2% O2 and 98% N2 under weak light (100 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1)) resulted in a general and fully reversible quenching of 77K fluorescence at 692 and 734 nm. In this case both F O, 692 and F M, 692 were invariably quenched, indicating that the quenching was caused by an increased non-radiative energy dissipation in the pigment bed. We propose that high-light treatments can have at least two different, concurrent effects on 77K fluorescence in leaves. One results from damage to the photosystem II (PSII) reaction-center complex and leads to a rise in F O, 692; the other results from an increased non-radiative energy dissipation and leads to quenching of both F O, 692 and F M, 692 This general quenching had a much longer relaxation time than reported for ΔpH-dependent quenching in algae and chloroplasts. Sun leaves, whose F V/F M, 692 ratios were little affected by high-light exposure in normal air, suffered pronounced photoinhibition when the exposure was made under conditions that prevent photosynthetic gas exchange (2% O2, 0% CO2). However, they were still less susceptible than shade leaves, indicating that the higher capacity for energy dissipation via photosynthesis is not the only cause of their lower susceptibility. The rate constant for recovery from photoinhibition was much higher in mature sun leaves than in mature shade leaves, indicating that differences in the capacity for continuous repair may in part account for the difference in their susceptibility to photoinhibition.

涂淑萍, 黄航, 杜曲, 等.

不同品种茶树叶片光合特性与叶绿素荧光参数的比较

[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2021, 43(5): 1098-1106.

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TU Shuping, HUANG Hang, DU Qu, et al.

Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophy ⅡFluorescence parameters of different Camellia sinensis cultivars

[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2021, 43(5): 1098-1106.

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匡经舸, 李琬婷, 程小毛, 等.

两种樱花植物的光合速率日变化及其与环境因子的相关性分析

[J]. 北方园艺, 2017,(12): 78-82.

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KUANG Jingge, LI Wanting, CHENG Xiaomao, et al.

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[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2017,(12): 78-82.

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武虹宇, 张宝月, 闫聪硕, 等.

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[J]. 农业科技与装备, 2022,(6): 1-6.

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WU Hongyu, ZHANG Baoyue, YAN Congshuo, et al.

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[J]. Agricultural Science & Technology and Equipment, 2022,(6): 1-6.

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司天桃, 张国强, 薛琳, 等.

加工番茄叶霉病的防治药剂筛选及其品种抗性鉴定

[J]. 植物保护, 2017, 43(5): 225-228.

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SI Tiantao, ZHANG Guoqiang, XUE Lin, et al.

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韩泽群, 姜波.

加工番茄品质性状的鉴定指标和筛选方法

[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2014, 53(16): 3812-3816.

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HAN Zequn, JIANG Bo.

Identification indexes and screening methods of quality traits of processing tomato

[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 53(16): 3812-3816.

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刘峰娟, 朱靖蓉, 周俊, 等.

新疆主栽加工番茄品种营养品质比较研究

[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2016, 53(2): 225-231.

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LIU Fengjuan, ZHU Jingrong, ZHOU Jun, et al.

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[目的]筛选具有较高营养品质的新疆主栽早晚熟加工番茄品种.[方法]以新疆主栽的3个早熟和3个中晚熟加工番茄品种为研究对象,测定6个品种的可溶性固形物、总酸、总糖、番茄红素及VC含量,比较其含量的差异,采用隶属函数法对6个品种的营养品质进行综合评价.[结果]早熟品种新番36号(屯河9号)和中晚熟品种亨氏H9780加工番茄的可溶性固形物、总糖、番茄红素及VC含量显著(P＜0.05)高于其他早熟和中晚熟品种,中晚熟品种亨氏H9780番茄红素含量显著(P＜0.05)高于早熟品种新番36号(屯河9号).采用隶属函数法综合评价6个品种的营养品质,根据得分高低排序为:亨氏H9780＞新番36号(屯河9号)＞新番41号(屯河48号)＞里格尔(87-5)＞新番15号＞屯河8号.[结论]亨氏H9780和新番36号(屯河9号)营养品质较好.

任亮, 孙泓希, 李楠, 等.

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DOI      [本文引用: 1]

对平阳特早、乌牛早、龙井长叶、龙井43、白毫早、碧香早、安吉白、祁兰8个引进品种的4 a生无性系茶树的光合特性、荧光特性进行了比较研究,旨在为河南茶区筛选出优良的茶树栽培品种。结果表明,平阳特早的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量明显高于其他品种,适合制作名优绿茶;碧香早、祁兰净具有最高的净光合速率（Pn）,PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ电子传递速率（Fv/Fo）、PSⅡ实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）、表现电子传递速率（ETR）;龙井43最耐旱,平阳特早耐旱性最差。

YUAN Zuli, SUN Xiaonan, FENG Songtian, et al.

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[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2017, 44(2): 277-282.

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WANG Zhuomin, XUE Da, XUE Li.

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[本文引用: 1]

须海荣, 童启庆, 骆耀平, 等.

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XU Hairong, TONG Qiqing, LUO Yaoping, et al.

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[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2017, 29(4): 597-604.

DOI      [本文引用: 1]

试验以辣椒耐盐品种(强丰7301)和盐敏感品种(秋艳)为材料,以NaCl为盐胁迫处理,处理浓度分别为50、100、150、200、250 mmol&#x000b7;L<sup>-1</sup>,以不加NaCl为对照(CK),研究盐胁迫对辣椒幼苗叶绿素荧光参数及相关指标的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,在盐胁迫下两种辣椒品种的实际光化学效率(&#x00424;<sub>PS&#x02161;</sub>)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)、最大光化学效率(F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)等指标均呈下降趋势,而非光化学猝灭系数(qN)、初始荧光(F<sub>o</sub>)和质膜相对透性等指标均提高;在NaCl浓度0~100 mmol&#x000b7;L<sup>-1</sup>处理下,两种品种辣椒幼苗叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量增大,但在NaCl浓度为150~250 mmol&#x000b7;L<sup>-1</sup>处理下明显减小;随着处理液浓度增加,秋艳可溶性糖含量在第5天和第10天呈现逐渐升高的趋势,在第15天和第20天先升后降;但强丰7301只在第20天呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其他时间均表现逐渐升高的趋势。试验结果说明,低浓度NaCl(0~100 mmol&#x000b7;L<sup>-1</sup>)胁迫对辣椒影响不明显,高浓度NaCl(150~250 mmol&#x000b7;L<sup>-1</sup>)胁迫对辣椒幼苗有很大影响;此外,从试验对各指标的影响发现,强丰7301受盐胁迫的影响程度小于秋艳,表现出较好的耐盐性。 表明辣椒耐盐品种具有较好的耐盐性,同时辣椒幼苗的耐盐性与盐胁迫浓度及胁迫时间密切相关。

ZHANG Ling, WANG Hua, ZHOU Jing, et al.

Effects of NaCl stress on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and physiological characteristics in seedlings of two pepper cultivars

[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2017, 29(4): 597-604.

DOI      [本文引用: 1]

The salt-tolerant (Qiangfeng 7301) and salt-sensitive (Qiuyan) pepper varieties were selected to study chlorophyll fluorescence parameters as well as other related indexes change of pepper seedlings under NaCl stress with the concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mmol&#x000b7;L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, and no NaCl was set as control (CK) in this experiment. The results showed that salt stress decreased the <em>&#x00424;</em><sub>PS&#x02161;</sub>, <em>ETR</em>, <em>F</em><sub>v</sub>/<em>F</em><sub>m</sub>, <em>qP</em> and increased <em>qN</em>, <em>F</em><sub>o</sub>, electrolyte leakage rate of the two pepper varieties. The content of chlorophyll and soluble protein in the two varieties of pepper seedlings increased under NaCl concentration (0-100 mmol&#x000b7;L<sup>-1</sup>), but decreased significantly under NaCl concentration (150-250 mmol&#x000b7;L<sup>-1</sup>) with the concentrations of salt stress increased, soluble sugar content of Qiuyan showed a gradually increasing trend on the 5th and 10th day and increased firvstly and then decreased on the 15th and 20th day. However, Qiangfeng 7301 on the 20th day increased firstly and then reduced, and showed gradually rising trend at other treatment time. It indicated that low concentrations of NaCl (0-100 mmol&#x000b7;L<sup>-1</sup>) had no significant effect on pepper, while high concentrations of NaCl (150-200 mmol&#x000b7;L<sup>-1</sup>) had great influences on pepper seedlings. In addition, it was found that Qiangfeng 7301 showed better salt tolerance than Qiuyan. The results showed that salt tolerance of pepper had better salt tolerance, and the salt tolerance of pepper seedlings was closely related to salt concentrations and stress time.

张守仁.

叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论

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ZHANG Shouren.

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刘兴, 马萧萧, 周正, 等.

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唐贤慧, 郭澎涛, 罗微, 等.

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齐连芬, 王丹丹, 牛瑞生, 等.

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王丹丹, 李燕, 张庆银, 等.

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WANG Dandan, LI Yan, ZHANG Qingyin, et al.

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李伟明, 吴旭东, 胡卫丛, 等.

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LI Weiming, WU Xudong, HU Weicong, et al.

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