新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(3): 547-554 DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.004

作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·种质资源

西蓝花田桃蚜的室内药剂筛选及田间药效评价

赵斌荣,, 田晓曦, 柴军发, 景亮亮, 张红艳, 洪波, 贾彦霞,

宁夏大学农学院,银川 750021

Laboratory Insecticides Screening and Field Efficacy Evaluation against Myzus persicae on Broccoli Field

ZHAO Binrong,, TIAN Xiaoxi, CHAI Junfa, JING Liangliang, ZHANG Hongyan, HONG Bo, JIA Yanxia,

College of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

通讯作者: 贾彦霞(1977-),女,宁夏同心人,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为昆虫生态学与害虫综合防治,(E-mail)helenjia_2006@126.com

收稿日期: 2022-07-28  

基金资助: 宁夏“十三五”重点研发计划重大项目(2018BBF02021-02)

Corresponding authors: JIA Yanxia(1977-), female, From Tongxin county, Ningxia, Professor, master, Research field: Insect ecology and integrated pest control, (E-mail)helenjia_2006@126.com

Received: 2022-07-28  

Fund supported: The key R D project of Ningxia the 13 th five year plan(2018BBF02021-02)

作者简介 About authors

赵斌荣(1995-),女,甘肃会宁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为昆虫生态学与害虫综合防治,(E-mail)zbr18709364152@163.com

摘要

【目的】筛选防治西蓝花田桃蚜的有效药剂。【方法】采用浸虫浸叶法及田间喷雾法进行室内毒力及田间药效试验。【结果】17%氟吡呋喃酮SL对桃蚜最为敏感,而5%高效氯氟氰菊酯ME的敏感性最差,48 h的LC50分别为7.67和1 011.03 mg/L。供试药剂毒力大小低依次为氟吡呋喃酮>氟啶虫胺腈>阿维菌素>双丙环虫酯>噻虫嗪>虫螨腈>藜芦碱>吡虫啉>甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐>噻虫胺>啶虫脒>溴氰虫酰胺>苦参碱>螺虫乙酯>氟啶虫酰胺>唑虫酰胺>乙基多杀菌素>高效氯氟氰菊酯。5种药剂不同浓度处理对西蓝花桃蚜均具有较好的防治效果。施药后7 d,各处理对西蓝花桃蚜的防效达70.10%~90.11%;药后14 d,各处理对西蓝花桃蚜防效为56.93%~82.55%。【结论】生产中可轮换使用氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮,以保证害虫对药剂的敏感性,减缓害虫的抗药性。

关键词： 西蓝花; 桃蚜; 室内毒力; 田间药效评价

Abstract

【Objective】 To screen the effective insecticides against Myzus persicae on Broccoli field.【Methods】 The toxicity bioassay and field efficacy tests were carried out by dipping method and spraying. 【Results】 The laboratory toxicity test results showed that the LC50 of flupyradifurone had the highest toxicity, which was 7.67 mg/L at 48 h. The LC50 of ambda-cyhalothrin showed the lowest toxicity, which was 1,011.03 mg/L at 48 h. The order of the toxicity of the eighteen insecticides from high to low was as follows: flupyradifurone﹥ sulfoxaflor ﹥ abamectin ﹥ciprofloxacin﹥ thiamethoxam ﹥chlorfenapyr﹥ veratrine﹥ imidacloprid ﹥emamectinbencoate ﹥ clothianidin ﹥acetamiprid ﹥cyantraniliprole﹥ matrine ﹥spirotetramat ﹥flonicamid﹥ tolfenpyrad ﹥spinetoram﹥ ambda-cyhalothrin. Five highly toxicity insecticides were selected for field trials on this basis. The results showed that treatment of five kinds of insecticides at different concentrations had a higher control effect on Myzus persicae. The field control efficacies of five kinds of insecticides were 70.10% 90.11% after seven days of application; The field control efficacies of five kinds insecticides were 56.93% 82.55% after fourteen days of application. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, it was suggested sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone should be used in the production to ensure the sensitivity of pests to insecticides so as to delay the resistance of pests.

Keywords： broccoli; Myzus persicae; toxicity tests; field efficacy evaluation

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本文引用格式

赵斌荣, 田晓曦, 柴军发, 景亮亮, 张红艳, 洪波, 贾彦霞. 西蓝花田桃蚜的室内药剂筛选及田间药效评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(3): 547-554 DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.004

ZHAO Binrong, TIAN Xiaoxi, CHAI Junfa, JING Liangliang, ZHANG Hongyan, HONG Bo, JIA Yanxia. Laboratory Insecticides Screening and Field Efficacy Evaluation against Myzus persicae on Broccoli Field[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(3): 547-554 DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.004

0 引言

【研究意义】作为特色冷凉蔬菜品种之一的西蓝花Broccoli,是1~2年生宿根草本植物,其营养价值高,生长快、生长周期短,还具有抗癌作用,因而在各地广泛种植[1⇓-3]。其中,桃蚜Myzuspersicae作为一种世界性的杂食害虫,常通过刺吸植株汁液、传播植物病毒病、分泌蜜露等引起植物生理异常,严重时造成枝叶枯萎甚至整株死亡,对蔬菜生产造成重大经济损失[4⇓⇓-7]。【前人研究进展】目前,化学药剂作为防治桃蚜的主要手段,由于长期连续用药和桃蚜生活周期短、繁殖量大的特点导致桃蚜的抗性增加,如蚜虫对吡虫啉、啶虫脒和高效氯氰菊酯等常规药剂产生的抗性问题[8,9]。针对西蓝花田桃蚜的为害,进行有效药剂筛选对提高西蓝花产量和品质具有重要意义。【本研究切入点】由于氟吡呋喃酮和氟啶虫胺腈对于西蓝花上桃蚜的防治报道较少。其中,对烟碱类药剂产生抗性的刺吸性昆虫对氟啶虫胺腈很敏感,而氟吡呋喃酮这种药剂不仅对抗常规新烟碱类药剂防效显著,而且对蜜蜂等传粉昆虫低毒,又对环境友好,还能间接降低作物上多种病害的发生。可作为未来防治刺吸性昆虫的有效药剂[10,11]。【拟解决的关键问题】研究西蓝花田桃蚜对18种药剂的室内毒力,进行田间药效试验,综合评价筛选出的药剂,为筛选出有效防控桃蚜的高效、安全的药剂提供科学依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料

1.1.1 虫源

采自宁夏银川市贺兰县洪广镇(N 38°41',E 106°17')种植基地的西蓝花植株上。

1.1.2 供试药剂

25%噻虫嗪WG(瑞士先正达作物保护有限公司);20%噻虫胺SC(江苏辉丰生物农业股份有限公司);10%啶虫脒ME(山东绿丰农药有限公司);70%吡虫啉WG(拜耳作物科学有限公司);50%氟啶虫胺腈WG(美国陶氏益农公司);17%氟吡呋喃酮SL(拜耳股份公司);22.4%螺虫乙酯SC(拜耳股份公司);5%高效氯氟氰菊酯ME(山东申达作物科技有限公司);10%溴氰虫酰胺OD(美国富美实公司);10%虫螨腈SC(巴斯夫植物保护有限公司);15%唑虫酰胺SC(海利尔药业集团股份有限公司);50 g/L双丙环虫酯DC(巴斯夫欧洲公司);10%氟啶虫酰胺WG(日本石原产业株式会社);0.5%苦参碱AS(河北中保绿农作物科技有限公司);0.5%藜芦碱SL(成都新朝阳作物科学股份有限公司);5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME(江苏辉丰生物农业股份有限公司);1.8%阿维菌素EC(河北中保绿农作物科技有限公司);60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC(美国陶氏益农公司)。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 室内毒力测定

采用浸虫浸叶法进行毒力测定,并稍作修改[12]。测定18种供试药剂毒力,每个浓度3个重复,每重复30头左右无翅成蚜。剪取附着有一定数量蚜虫的西蓝花叶片,用毛笔剔除有翅蚜和僵蚜。将已剪好的带有蚜虫的叶片完全浸入配制好的系列浓度梯度药液中10 s,取出待药液自然晾干后,放入垫有滤纸的培养皿中,用湿润的脱脂棉包住叶柄保湿,保鲜膜封好后,用昆虫针在膜上扎孔。将培养皿置于25℃、70%相对湿度的人工气候箱(上海跃进RQX-250),于48 h后检查死亡情况;判定依据为用毛笔轻触虫体,虫体不动或干瘪视为死亡。表1

表1   室内毒力测定的18种药剂浓度梯度变化

Tab.1  Toxicity of eighteen insecticides concentration gradient

供试药剂
Insecticide		剂型
Dosage form		有效成分
Effective ingredient		浓度(有效成分用量)
Concentration(Dosage of active ingredient)(mg/L)
噻虫嗪ThiamethoxamWG25%200、100 、50 、25、12.5、6.25 、3.125
噻虫胺ClothianidinSC20%100、50、25、12.5、6.25 、3.125 、1.562 5
啶虫脒AcetamipridME10%240、120 、60、30、 15 、7.5 、3.75
吡虫啉ImidaclopridWG70%168 、84 、42 、21、10.5、5.25、2.625
氟啶虫胺腈SulfoxaflorWG50%200、100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125
氟吡呋喃酮FlupyradifuroneSL17%204、102、51、25.5、12.75、6.375、3.1875
螺虫乙酯SpirotetramatSC22.4%224、112、56、28、14、7、3.5
高效氯氟氰菊酯Ambda-cyhalothrinME5%320、160、80、40、20、10、5
溴氰虫酰胺CyantraniliproleOD10%160、80、40、20、10、5、2.5
虫螨腈ChlorfenapyrSC10%200、100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125
唑虫酰胺TolfenpyradSC15%300、150、75、37.5、18.75、9.375、4.685
双丙环虫酯CiprofloxacinDC50 g/L100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐
Emamectinbencoate		ME5%48、24、12、6、3、1.5、0.75
阿维菌素AbamectinEC1.8%120、60、30、15、7.5、3.75、1.875
氟啶虫酰胺FlonicamidWG10%320、160、80、40、20、10、5
苦参碱MatrineAS0.5%144、72、36、18、9、4.5、2.25
藜芦碱VeratrineSL0.5%104、52、26、13、6.5、3.25、1.625
乙基多杀菌素SpinetoramSC60 g/L360、180、90、45、22.5、11.25、5.625

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1.2.2 田间药效试验

供试西蓝花品种为耐寒优秀。于4月中旬定植西蓝花,株行距为30 cm×100 cm,定植后,除施药因素外,其他管理按当地规范化的生产流程进行。每种供试药剂均设3个浓度处理,试验处理设置:(1)17%氟吡呋喃酮SL设136、119、102 mg/L;(2)25%噻虫嗪WG设40、30、20 mg/L;(3)50%氟啶虫胺腈WG设50、40、30 mg/L;(4)5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME设6、4.5、3 mg/L;(5)10%虫螨腈SC设134、100、66 mg/L;(6)清水对照。共设16个处理,每处理设3次重复,以清水为对照。每小区面积67 m2,小区随机区组排列,使用台州3WBD-20型智能电动喷雾器整株均匀喷雾,施药量为750 L/hm2。

小区内采用五点取样法调查,每点标定3株,共15株,在标定的植株上统计整株叶片的蚜虫数量。于药前调查蚜虫虫口基数,药后1、3、5、7、10、14 d调查存活的蚜虫数量。计算虫口减退率和防效。

虫口减退率(%)=(施药前活虫数-施药后活虫数)/施药前活虫数×100%;
防治效果(%)=(处理区虫口减退率-对照区虫口减退率)/(1-对照区虫口减退率)×100%。

1.3 数据处理

数据经Excel软件分类汇总,并用DPS软件进行毒力及差异显著性数据分析。

2 结果与分析

2.1 室内毒力测定

研究表明,供试药剂中桃蚜对17%氟吡呋喃酮SL的毒力最高,LC50为7.67 mg/L;其次为50%氟啶虫胺腈WG和1.8%阿维菌素EC,LC50值分别为8.01和8.16 mg/L。桃蚜对5%高效氯氟氰菊酯ME的毒力最低,LC50为1 011.03 mg/L,18种药剂对桃蚜的毒力排序为氟吡呋喃酮>氟啶虫胺腈>阿维菌素>双丙环虫酯>噻虫嗪>虫螨腈>藜芦碱>吡虫啉>甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐>噻虫胺>啶虫脒>溴氰虫酰胺>苦参碱>螺虫乙酯>氟啶虫酰胺>唑虫酰胺>乙基多杀菌素>高效氯氟氰菊酯。表2

表2   18种药剂对西蓝花桃蚜的室内毒力测定结果(48 h)

Tab.2  Toxicity of eighteen insecticides against Myzuspersicae on (48 h)

供试药剂
Insecticide		LC50(95%置信限)
LC50(95% confidence
interval)(mg/L)		斜率±
标准误差
Slope±SE		相关系数
Correlation
coefficient		􀱽2
(df=5)		P相对毒力
Relative toxicity
5%高效氯氟氰菊酯ME
Ambda-cyhalothrin 5% ME		1 011.03(238.20~448 532.58)0.36±0.120.965 40.760.981
17%氟吡呋喃酮SL
Flupyradifurone 17% SL		7.67(4.51~11.20)0.91±0.110.984 32.010.85131.82
50%氟啶虫胺腈WG
Sulfoxaflor 50% WG		8.01(4.55~11.92)0.79±0.100.985 71.650.90126.22
1.8%阿维菌素EC
Abamectin 1.8% EC		8.16(5.99~10.56)1.27±0.130.973 37.210.21123.90
50g/L环丙环虫酯DC
Ciprofloxacin 50 g/L DC		11.99(6.32~22.35)0.50±0.110.938 43.210.6784.32
25%噻虫嗪WG
Thiamethoxam 25% WG		12.66(8.33~17.30)1.03±0.110.982 73.900.5679.86
10%虫螨腈SC
Chlorfenapyr 10% SC		13.48(9.70~17.73)1.07±0.110.987 72.590.7675.00
0.5%藜芦碱SL
Veratrine 0.5% SL		13.88(10.55~18.36)1.08±0.120.991 11.830.8772.84
70%吡虫啉WG
Imidacloprid 70% WG		15.58(9.77~23.39)0.71±0.110.970 32.610.7664.89
5%甲氨基阿维菌素
苯甲酸盐ME
Emamectinbencoate 5% ME		15.73(10.78~26.92)0.91±0.130.959 45.530.3564.27
20%噻虫胺SC
Clothianidin 20% SC		18.50(12.39~29.89)0.71±0.110.957 74.670.4654.65
10%啶虫脒ME
Acetamiprid 10% ME		24.69(19.16~31.29)1.36±0.140.971 26.470.2640.95
10%溴氰虫酰胺OD
Cyantraniliprole 10% OD		28.46(17.89~49.81)0.61±0.110.955 73.340.6535.52
0.5%苦参碱AS
Matrine 0.5% AS		36.88(24.72~63.24)0.75±0.110.950 55.070.4127.41
22.4%螺虫乙酯SC
Spirotetramat 22.4% SC		44.66(29.11~76.18)0.63±0.100.979 01.680.8922.64
10%氟啶虫酰胺WG
Flonicamid 10% WG		45.46(32.25~65.26)0.85±0.110.974 33.620.6122.24
15%唑虫酰胺SC
Tolfenpyrad 15% SC		127.15(84.72~230.84)0.82±0.110.994 90.530.997.95
60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC
Spinetoram 60 g/L SC		982.31(322.40~18113.98)0.58±0.140.972 90.660.991.03

注:相对毒力指数是以LC50最大的药剂为1,其他药剂LC50与之相除

Note:The relative toxicity was set to one for the pesticide with the highest LC50, while the relative toxicity of other pesticides was calculated by comparison with the highest LC50

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2.2 田间药效评价

研究表明,5种药剂不同浓度处理对西蓝花桃蚜均具有较好的防治效果。其中,50%氟啶虫胺腈WG的3个浓度处理50、40、30 mg/L在施药后1~7 d的防效分别为71.25%~89.43%、67.74%~85.95%、63.27%~83.33%,均呈现上升趋势,10~14d后逐渐下降。3个浓度处理中,以50 mg/L防效最好,14 d防效仍保持在80%,而40 与30 mg/L浓度处理防效分别为75.06%、72.24%。氟啶虫胺腈高浓度与低浓度处理的防效在药后1、3和14 d无显著差异(P>0.05);中浓度则与低浓度处理的防效均无显著差异,防效相当(P>0.05)。

10%虫螨腈SC的3个浓度处理134、100、66 mg/L在施药后1~7d的防效分别为60.33%~76.23%、53.80%~75.35%、51.73%~73.77%,均呈现上升趋势,10~14 d后逐渐下降。3个浓度处理中,以134 mg/L防效最好,14d防效为66.66%,而100与66 mg/L浓度处理的防效分别为61.04%、60.53%。虫螨腈高浓度、中浓度与低浓度3个浓度处理间均无显著差异,防效相当(P>0.05)。

5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME的3个浓度处理6、4.5、3 mg/L在施药后1~7 d的防效分别为59.15%~75.47%、50.88%~73.24%、47.06%~70.10%,均呈现上升趋势,10~14 d后逐渐下降。3个浓度处理中,以6 mg/L防效最好,14 d防效为65.50%,而4.5与3 mg/L浓度处理的防效分别为61.01%、56.93%。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐高浓度与低浓度处理的防效在药后1、5、7、10和14 d均无显著差异(P>0.05);中浓度则与低浓度处理的防效均无显著差异,防效相当(P>0.05)。

17%氟吡呋喃酮SL的3个剂量处理136、119、102 mg/L在施药后1~7 d的防效分别为72.83%~90.11%、69.28%~87.09%、64.33%~84.04%,均呈现上升趋势,10~14 d后逐渐下降。3个浓度处理中,以136 mg/L防效最好,14 d防效为82.55%,而119与102 mg/L浓度处理的防效分别为80.56%、74.79%。氟吡呋喃酮高浓度、中浓度与低浓度3个浓度处理间的防效均无显著差异,防效相当(P>0.05)。

25%噻虫嗪WG 的3个浓度处理40、30、20 mg/L在施药后1~7 d的防治效果分别为62.33%~79.37%、58.55%~77.11%、56.08%~74.11%,均呈现上升趋势,10~14 d后逐渐下降。3个浓度处理中,以40 mg/L防效最好,14 d防效为71.33%,而30与20 mg/L浓度处理的防效分别为67.02%、60.72%。方差分析表明,噻虫嗪高浓度与低浓度处理的防效在药后1、5、7和14 d的防效均无显著差异,防效相当(P>0.05);中浓度则与低浓度处理的防效均无显著差异(P>0.05)。表3

表3   5种药剂对西蓝花桃蚜田间药效评价

Tab.3  Evaluation results of field efficacy of five insecticides against Myzus persicae on

供试药剂
Insecticide		浓度设置
Concentration
(mg/L)		药前虫口数
Population
size before
application		药后1 d
1th day after treatment		药后3 d
3th day after treatment		药后5 d
5th day after treatment		药后7 d
7th day after treatment		药后10 d
10th day after treatment		药后14 d
14th day after treatment
虫口减退率
Reducing
rate of
insects(%)		防效
Control
efficacy
(%)		虫口减退率
Reducing
rate of
insects(%)		防效
Control
efficacy
(%)		虫口减退率
Reducing
rate of
insects(%)		防效
Control
efficacy
(%)		虫口减退率
Reducing
rate of
insects(%)		防效
Control
efficacy
(%)		虫口减退率
Reducing
rate of
insects(%)		防效
Control
efficacy
(%)		虫口减退率
Reducing
rate of
insects(%)		防效
Control
efficacy
(%)
氟啶虫胺腈
Sulfoxaflor		5059051.6971.25a59.1579.12a65.7685.42a87.4689.43a58.9883.80a14.2480.69a
4064245.7967.74a51.0975.00a58.4182.29ab83.3385.95b51.4080.81ab-10.7575.06a
3070838.2863.27a49.4474.15a50.9979.14b80.2383.33b36.5874.96b-23.3172.24a
虫螨腈
Chlorfenapyr		13472033.3360.33a50.9774.93a43.0675.76a71.8176.23a35.8374.66a-48.0666.66a
10074222.3753.80a38.4168.51a38.4173.78a70.7575.35a19.5468.23a-73.0561.04a
6681018.8951.73a35.3166.93a34.5772.14a68.8973.77a7.4163.43a-75.3160.53a
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐
Emamectinbencoate		670831.3659.15a48.4573.64a39.1274.08a70.9075.47a24.7270.27a-53.2565.50a
4.575617.4650.88a30.2964.36ab30.0370.21a68.2573.24a20.5068.61a-73.1561.01a
368811.0547.06a22.0960.17b27.0368.94a64.5370.10a4.8062.40a-91.2856.93a
氟吡呋喃酮
Flupyradifurone		13662254.3472.83a65.5982.41a69.2986.93a88.2690.11a66.2486.67a22.5182.55a
11961448.3769.28a64.5081.85a61.8983.78a84.6987.09a57.3383.15a13.6880.56a
10263440.0664.33a55.3677.18a55.9981.27a81.0784.04a54.8982.19a-11.9974.79a
噻虫嗪
Thiamethoxam		4066236.7162.33a51.5175.21a47.2877.56a75.5379.37a40.6376.56a-27.3471.33a
3062630.3558.55a39.1468.88ab44.2576.27a72.8477.11a31.3172.87ab-46.4967.02a
2062226.2156.08a35.5367.04b35.3772.49a69.2974.11a15.7666.73b-74.4460.72a
清水对照 CK682-68.04--95.60--134.90--18.62--153.23--344.13-

注:同列同种药剂后不同小写字母表示各剂量处理在0.05水平差异显著

Note: Different lowercase letters after different dosage of same insecticide in the same column indicate significant difference at 0.05 level

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3 讨论

生产中对于蚜虫防治,主要采用化学防控[13⇓⇓⇓-17]。但蚜虫因虫体小,早期发生时不易被人们发现,且随着用药量的逐年增加,使得抗性逐渐增强[4]。

氟吡呋喃酮和氟啶虫胺腈2种药剂均作用于乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR),其中,氟吡呋喃酮属于丁烯羟酸内酯类化合物,而氟啶虫胺腈属于砜亚胺类化合物。生物活性骨架为[R1-CH2-N]和R2、R3和R4的3个不同取代基的丁烯羟酸内酯类化合物,其不同的活性基作用效果也不同。据报道,对刺吸性昆虫的活性最优时,取代基R1作为六元杂环存在,而对桃蚜、小猿叶甲具有较好活性时,取代基R4分别作为2-氟和2,2-二氟乙基、2,2-二氟乙基存在。该种药剂不仅对抗常规新烟碱类药剂防效显著,而且对蜜蜂等传粉昆虫低毒,又对环境友好,还能间接降低作物上多种病害的发生[11]。作为砜亚胺类化合物的氟啶虫胺腈,具有抗单氧化酶代谢分解能力,与拟除虫菊酯、有机磷和新烟碱类药剂均无交互抗性[18,19]。

王欢欢[20]研究了9种杀虫剂对瓜蚜的毒力及协同增效药剂筛选,得出氟吡呋喃酮和氟啶虫胺腈对瓜蚜的毒力效果最好,而高效氯氟氰菊酯对瓜蚜的毒力较低;尚娇等[21]研究了氟啶虫胺腈对棉田蚜虫的毒力,得出对于棉田蚜虫的防治,其氟啶虫胺腈毒力高于吡虫啉,且对瓢虫低毒;宫庆涛等[22]研究了氟啶虫胺腈对苹果黄蚜室内毒力及田间防效,得出对于苹果黄蚜的防治,其氟啶虫胺腈的效果最好;郭晓君等[23]研究了氟啶虫胺腈与其他药剂对苹果黄蚜的协同增效作用,得出可推荐氟啶虫胺腈作为防治苹果黄蚜的替代药剂。试验中氟吡呋喃酮和氟啶虫胺腈对西蓝花桃蚜的毒力和防效达到最优,与前人的研究结果相似。可通过轮换使用氟吡呋喃酮和氟啶虫胺腈防治蚜虫。但并未研究氟吡呋喃酮和氟啶虫胺腈与其他药剂复配的联合作用。桃蚜作为典型r-对策昆虫,其发育历期短,对药剂的抗性发展速度快[24]。后期应开展有关氟吡呋喃酮和氟啶虫胺腈与其他药剂的协同增效作用试验。

4 结论

桃蚜作为典型r-对策昆虫,其发育历期短,对药剂的抗性发展速度快[24]。室内结果表明,氟吡呋喃酮对桃蚜最为敏感,其次为氟啶虫胺腈,而高效氯氟氰菊酯的敏感性最差,48 h的LC50分别为7.67、8.01和1 011.03 mg/L,选用药剂毒力排序为氟吡呋喃酮﹥氟啶虫胺腈﹥阿维菌素﹥双丙环虫酯﹥噻虫嗪﹥虫螨腈﹥藜芦碱﹥吡虫啉﹥甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐﹥噻虫胺﹥啶虫脒﹥溴氰虫酰胺﹥苦参碱﹥螺虫乙酯﹥氟啶虫酰胺﹥唑虫酰胺﹥乙基多杀菌素﹥高效氯氟氰菊酯。药后14 d,氟吡呋喃酮(136 mg/L)和氟啶虫胺腈(50 mg/L)对西蓝花桃蚜防效达80%以上。在生产中轮换使用新型砜亚胺类药剂氟啶虫胺腈、丁烯羟酸内酯类药剂氟吡呋喃酮,以保证害虫对药剂的敏感性,减缓害虫的抗药性,提高防治效果。

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目的 研究氟啶虫胺腈对南疆棉田三种蚜虫的毒力及其对三种瓢虫的安全性。方法 以22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂和5%吡虫啉乳油为供试药剂,室内通过药膜法测定棉蚜、棉黑蚜和棉长管蚜氟啶虫胺腈的敏感性,采用滤纸接触法测定两种药剂对十一星瓢虫、异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫的安全影响。结果 棉蚜、棉黑蚜和棉长管蚜对两种药剂表现出不同的敏感性,三种蚜虫3日龄若蚜和成蚜对氟啶虫胺腈敏感性均高于吡虫啉,棉蚜3日龄若蚜和成蚜对氟啶虫胺腈的LC<sub>50</sub>分别为1.17、0.36 mg/L,5%吡虫啉乳油和22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂的相对毒力分别为55.41、60.11,棉蚜对5%吡虫啉乳油表现出较强的耐药性。22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂对十一星瓢虫、异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫的毒力均小于5%吡虫啉乳油,22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂对三种瓢虫成虫的安全系数分别是5%吡虫啉乳油的6.16、7.90和4.54倍,对3龄幼虫的安全系数分别是5%吡虫啉乳油的5.07、7.48和9.23倍。结论 22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂可用来防治棉田棉蚜、棉黑蚜和棉长管蚜,且对棉田瓢虫有较高的安全性。

SAHNG Jiao, DING Jianpeng, YAO Yongsheng.

The Toxicity of Sulfoxaflor to Aphids and Safety Evaluation of Ladybugs in Cotton Fields

[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(3): 481-488

DOI      [本文引用: 1]

<b>Objective</b> To clarify the toxicity of sulfoxaflor to three aphids in cotton fields of Southern Xinjiang and its safety to three predatory natural enemies.<b>Method</b> The susceptibilities of <i>Aphis gossypii, Aphis atrata, Acyrthosiphom gossypii </i>were determined by membrane methods in the laboratory with 22% fludinamidonitrile suspension agent and 5% imidacloprid as the test reagent, and the safety of <i>Coccinella undecimpunctata, Harmonia axyridis, Propylaea japonica </i>was determined by filter paper contact methods. <b>Result</b> The results showed that <i>A. gossypii, A. atrata, Ac. gossypii </i>showed different susceptibilities to two kinds of insecticides. The susceptibilities of 3-day-old larvae and adult aphids of three kinds of aphids to sulfoxaflor were significantly higher than that of imidacloprid. The LC<sub>50 </sub>of 3-day-old larvae and adults of cotton aphids to sulfoxaflor were 1.17 mg/L and 0.36 mg/L, its&apos; indexes of relative toxicity (5% imidacloprid EC/22% sulfoxaflor SC) were 55.41 and 60.11, and cotton aphids showed strong resistance to 5% imidacloprid EC. The toxicities of 22% sulfoxaflor SC to three predatory ladybugs were lower than those of 5% imidacloprid EC, and the safety coefficients of 22% sulfoxaflor SC to ladybug adults and3-instar larvae were 6.16, 7.90, 4.54 and 5.07, 7.48 and 9.23 times higher than that of 5% imidacloprid EC, respectively. <b>Conclusion</b> 22% sulfoxaflor can be used to control the three kinds of aphids, and had high safety to natural enemies.

宫庆涛, 武海斌, 张坤鹏. 等.

氟啶虫胺腈对苹果黄蚜室内毒力测定及田间防治效果

[J]. 农药, 2014, 53(10):759-761.

[本文引用: 1]

GONG Qingtao, Wu Haibin, ZHANG Kunpeng, et al.

Laboratory Activity and Field Efficacy of Sulfoxaflor against Aphis citricola

[J]. Agrochemicals, 2014, 53(10): 759-761.

[本文引用: 1]

郭晓君, 封云涛, 李娅. 等.

氟啶虫胺腈与其他药剂复配对苹果黄蚜的联合毒力及效果评价

[J]. 植物保护, 2020, 46(4):243-247.

[本文引用: 1]

GUO Xiaojun, FENG Yuntao, LI Ya, et al.

Co-toxicities and efficacy evaluation of sulfoxaflor mixed with other insecticides on Aphis citricola

[J]. Plant Protection, 2020, 46(4): 243-247.

[本文引用: 1]

牛雨佳. 短翅蚜小蜂防治蔬菜桃蚜的潜能评价[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2015.

[本文引用: 2]

NIU Yujia. The potential of aphelinus asychis walker as a biological control agent against Myzus persicae[D]. Yangling: North west Agriculture and Forestry University, 2015.

[本文引用: 2]

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