Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this research was to isolate, identify the species of Entomopathogenic nematodes in natural Populus euphratica forests in Xinjiang and test its insecticidal activity in the hope of providing a new choice for biological control of the insects. 【Method】 The EPNs were induced by Galleria mellonella and collected with white-trap method, and then identified with molecular and morphology and finally biological characteristics were tested by different dosages of EPNs to Galleria mellonella (Gm) and Tenebrio molitor (Tm). 【Results】 The results showed that EPNs existed in natural Populus euphratica forests in Xinjiang, and the detection rate was up to 25%. The phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA showed that it had the closest evolutionary relationship with Steinernema litorale strain Pak.S.P.7, and the obtained Genebank accession No was: MK416208. Morphological analysis showed that most of the eigenvalues of Steinernema litorale - Bachu were almost the same with the Steinernema litorale type strain, but the main differences were that: compared to the type strain, the length (1461.01 μm) of first generation male was slightly longer, the distance from anterior end to excretory pore (86.98 μm) was shorter, the spicule length (69.49 μm) was shorter, values of D% (60.45) and SW% (158.21) were lower; Compared to the type strain, the length (885.88 μm) of infective juveniles and tail were shorter. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA of symbiotic bacteria was the closest to Xenorhabdus bovienii strain Zakharovos. The insecticidal analysis of infective juveniles showed that the mortality was 100% within 36 hours in 160 IJs/Gm and above treatment groups. Mortality was 50% in 40 IJs/Tm and 75% in 160 IJs/Tm and above treatment groups for Tenebrio molitor within 60 hours. 【Conclusion】 The research first discovered the distribution of EPNs (Steinerma litorale) in natural Populus euphratica forest in Xinjiang, and it has high insecticidal activity. This will provide a resource reserve and research foundation for the exploitation of EPNs resources in natural Populus euphratica forests and the biological control of pests in Populus euphratica forests based on EPNs in Xinjiang in the future.