Effects of Warming Irrigation on Biomass, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Cotton

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.03.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the influence of drip irrigation temperature on the growth and yield of cotton by field warming water irrigation. 【Methods】 the experiment was divided into warming irrigation (ZW) and well water irrigation (CK). The effects of warming irrigation on cotton growth were determined by measuring cotton growth, dry matter accumulation and distribution, nutrient absorption and yield. 【Results】 (1) In warming irrigation conditions, plant height increased significantly in different growing periods, stem diameter increased slightly, leaf area increased significantly during bud and early flowering stage, in addition to full boll stage, the period of specific leaf weight also increased. Warming irrigation could promote the accumulation of biomass in different growth stages and various parts of cotton; (2) warming irrigation had effect on the biomass allocation pattern. The stem weight ratio increased at bud stage and flowering and boll stage, and decreased in the rest stages; (3) The ability of plants to absorb nutrients was increased under warming irrigation condition, and the absorption capacity of the whole cotton to N elements increased by 57.4% (P < 0.01) compared with that of well irrigation. The bell organs P₂O₅ absorption amount increased 33.0% (P <0.05) compared with well irrigation; the absorption capacity of K₂0 on roots, stems, leaves and bolls of cotton increased by 23.62%, 53.81%, 62.99%, 33.95%, respectively, compared with well irrigation, stems and leaves increased significantly (P <0.01);(4)Under warming irrigation conditions, the boll number increased by 18.54%, single boll mass decreased 8.86%, cotton yield increased 7.29%. 【Conclusion】 This study suggests that warming irrigation can promote cotton growth, absorption and accumulation of nutrients, biomass and yield, but it is not recommended by warming irrigation in boll stage.

Key words: drip irrigation; warming; cotton; biomass; nutrient absorption; yield

摘要：

【目的】研究田间增温水灌溉下滴灌温度对棉花生长及产量的影响。【方法】设置增温水灌溉(ZW)和井水灌溉试验(CK),测定棉花生长、干物质积累与分配、养分吸收、产量指标,分析增温水灌溉对棉花生长的影响。【结果】增温处理各生育时期株高明显增加,茎粗略有增加,叶面积在蕾期和初花期时显著增加,除盛铃期外,其余时期比叶重也有所增加。增温处理可以促进棉花各生育时期各部位的生物量积累,对生物量分配格局产生影响,蕾期和花铃期茎重比增加,其余降低,初花期与之相反。增温处理下植株对养分吸收的能力增加,整株棉花N吸收量较CK增加57.4%(P<0.01),棉花生殖器官铃中P₂O₅吸收量较CK增加了33.0%(P<0.05);棉花各器官中K₂0的吸收量与CK比分别增加了23.62%、53.81%、62.99%、33.95%,茎、叶中增幅明显(P<0.01)。增温水滴灌处理下铃数增加18.54%,单铃重减少8.86%,籽棉产量增加7.29%。【结论】增温水滴灌可以促进棉花生长发育、生物量的积累养分的吸收及产量的形成,但在盛铃期不灌溉增温水。

关键词: 滴灌, 增温, 棉花, 生物量, 养分吸收, 产量

CLC Number:

S562

MENG Ajing, QI Yingying, FU Yanbo, WANG Zhiguo, WANG Xinyong, FENG Yaozu. Effects of Warming Irrigation on Biomass, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(3): 558-566.

孟阿静, 齐莹莹, 付彦博, 王治国, 王新勇, 冯耀祖. 增温水滴灌对棉花生物量、养分吸收及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(3): 558-566.

Figures/Tables 7

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土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	速效氮 Available N (g/kg)	速效磷 Available P₂O₅ (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K₂O (mg/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	总盐 Total salt (g/kg)
0~20	99.41	30.14	252.00	10.89	1.80
20~40	69.46	7.82	102.67	8.68	0.83

土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	速效氮 Available N (g/kg)	速效磷 Available P₂O₅ (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K₂O (mg/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	总盐 Total salt (g/kg)
0~20	99.41	30.14	252.00	10.89	1.80
20~40	69.46	7.82	102.67	8.68	0.83

生育时期 Growth period	处理 Treatment	总生物量 Total biomass	根生物量 Root biomass	叶生物量 Leaf biomass	茎生物量 Stem biomass	蕾铃生物量 Bud and boll biomass
蕾期	CK	14.94±0.38^a	1.63±0.27^a	6.80±0.27^A	5.94±0.41^A	0.57±0.12^a
Bud stage	ZW	21.31±1.24^b	2.07±0.28^a	9.45±0.63^B	9.00±0.49^B	0.79±0.03^b
初花期	CK	28.56±1.54^A	2.84±0.24^A	7.63±0.67^A	13.24±1.2^a	4.84±0.22^a
Initial bloom stage	ZW	37.48±2.90^B	4.00±0.42^B	11.60±0.51^B	16.70±1.91^a	5.18±0.81^a
花铃期(7月25日)	CK	37.12±2.27^a	3.45±0.31^a	12.12±0.87^a	15.00±1.66^a	6.55±0.60^a
Flowering and boll setting period	ZW	45.11±4.68^b	3.76±0.17^a	14.03±0.72^b	20.64±3.95^a	6.68±0.11^a
盛铃期(8月10日)	CK	56.54±4.80^a	3.74±0.66^a	14.63±0.91^a	18.68±3.54^a	19.49±2.22^a
Full boll stage	ZW	67.37±1.81^b	4.30±0.82^a	17.63±0.96^b	26.73±2.62^b	19.02±0.65^a

生育时期 Growth period	处理 Treatment	总生物量 Total biomass	根生物量 Root biomass	叶生物量 Leaf biomass	茎生物量 Stem biomass	蕾铃生物量 Bud and boll biomass
蕾期	CK	14.94±0.38^a	1.63±0.27^a	6.80±0.27^A	5.94±0.41^A	0.57±0.12^a
Bud stage	ZW	21.31±1.24^b	2.07±0.28^a	9.45±0.63^B	9.00±0.49^B	0.79±0.03^b
初花期	CK	28.56±1.54^A	2.84±0.24^A	7.63±0.67^A	13.24±1.2^a	4.84±0.22^a
Initial bloom stage	ZW	37.48±2.90^B	4.00±0.42^B	11.60±0.51^B	16.70±1.91^a	5.18±0.81^a
花铃期(7月25日)	CK	37.12±2.27^a	3.45±0.31^a	12.12±0.87^a	15.00±1.66^a	6.55±0.60^a
Flowering and boll setting period	ZW	45.11±4.68^b	3.76±0.17^a	14.03±0.72^b	20.64±3.95^a	6.68±0.11^a
盛铃期(8月10日)	CK	56.54±4.80^a	3.74±0.66^a	14.63±0.91^a	18.68±3.54^a	19.49±2.22^a
Full boll stage	ZW	67.37±1.81^b	4.30±0.82^a	17.63±0.96^b	26.73±2.62^b	19.02±0.65^a

生育时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	根重比 Root weight ratio	叶重比 Leaf weight ratio	茎重比 Stem weight ratio	根叶比 Genyevi	根冠比 Root shoot ratio	蕾铃重比 Bud and boll weight ratio
蕾期 Bud stage	CK	0.12±0.02^a	0.46±0.02^a	0.40±0.03^a	0.26±0.03^a	0.13±0.02^a	0.02±0.00^a
蕾期 Bud stage	ZW	0.09±0.01^b	0.44±0.03^a	0.42±0.02^a	0.21±0.02^a	0.10±0.01^b	0.04±0.00^b
初花期 Initial bloom stage	CK	0.10±0.01^a	0.27±0.02^a	0.47±0.04^a	0.38±0.04^a	0.11±0.01^a	0.16±0.01^a
初花期 Initial bloom stage	ZW	0.11±0.01^a	0.31±0.03^a	0.45±0.05^a	0.35±0.05^a	0.12±0.02^a	0.13±0.01^a
花铃期 Flowering and boll setting period	CK	0.09±0.01^a	0.33±0.02^a	0.40±0.04^a	0.29±0.04^a	0.10±0.01^a	0.18±0.02^a
花铃期 Flowering and boll setting period	ZW	0.08±0.00^a	0.31±0.02^a	0.46±0.08^a	0.27±0.08^a	0.09±0.01^a	0.15±0.01^a
盛铃期 Full boll stage	CK	0.07±0.01^a	0.26±0.02^a	0.33±0.06^a	0.26±0.06^a	0.07±0.01^a	0.34±0.04^A
盛铃期 Full boll stage	ZW	0.07±0.01^a	0.28±0.02^a	0.43±0.04^b	0.24±0.04^a	0.07±0.01^a	0.28±0.01^B