化学封顶剂不同浓度对棉花农艺性状及产量、品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.07.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究化学封顶剂不同浓度的增效缩节胺对棉花不同品种的封顶效果,为新疆棉花化学封顶技术的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以新陆早61号、新陆早67号、新陆早72号为材料,不打顶和人工打顶为对照,设置低浓度(缩节胺90 g/hm²+助剂60 ml/hm²)、中浓度(180 g/hm²+120 ml/hm²)、高浓度(270 g/hm²+180 ml/hm²)3个处理,研究喷施不同浓度化学封顶剂对棉花农艺性状及产量、品质的影响。【结果】与不打顶相比,化学封顶有效控制棉株农艺性状;与人工打顶处理相比,高浓度处理(270 g/hm²+180 ml/hm²)下株高增加了3.0~8.7 cm、果枝数增加了0.8~1.93 台、株宽降低1.4%~3.4 %、主茎节间数增加了0.7~1.2 节。与人工打顶处理相比,产量构成因子各浓度处理下无显著差异。【结论】使用高浓度增效缩节胺封顶具有更好的封顶效应。增效缩节胺化学封顶剂的使用,可以有效替代人工打顶,且产量、品质不降低。

关键词: 棉花; 增效缩节胺; 农艺性状; 产量; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of DPC⁺with different concentrations of chemical topping agent on different varieties of cotton in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the application of cotton chemical topping technology in Xinjiang.【Method】 Three cultivars were used in this experimental, which were Xinluzao 61, Xinluzao 67, Xinluzao 72. And three concentration gradients of chemical topping agents were set, among which the low concentration was 90 g/hm²+60 ml/hm² (dactyl amine + additive); Medium concentration: 180 g/hm²+120 ml/hm²; High concentration: 270 g/hm²+180 ml/hm², with no topping and manual topping as control to study the agronomic traits, yield and fiber quality of cotton.【Results】 Compared with no topping, chemical topping effectively controlled the agronomic traits of cotton plants. Under high concentration (270 g/hm²+180 ml/hm²), the plant height increased by 3.0~8.7cm, the number of fruit branches increased by 0.8~1.93, the plant width decreased by 1.4%~3.4%, and the number of internodes of main stem increased by 0.7~1.2 compared with the manual topping. For yield factor and fiber quality, there was no significant difference between each concentration treatment and manual topping treatment. 【Conclusion】 The use of high concentration DPC⁺ has better topping effect. The use of chemical topping with DPC⁺ can effectively replace manual topping, and the yield and quality are not reduced.

Key words: cotton; DPC⁺; agronomic traits; yield; quality

中图分类号:

S562

唐纪元, 陈民志, 闫江伟, 王宇轩, 左文庆, 田景山, 张旺锋. 化学封顶剂不同浓度对棉花农艺性状及产量、品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(7): 1561-1572.

TANG Jiyuan, CHEN Minzhi, YAN Jiangwei, WANG Yunxuan, ZUO Wenqing, TIAN Jingshan, ZHANG Wangfeng. Effects of Different Concentrations of Chemical Topping Agents on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Quality of Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(7): 1561-1572.

图/表 12

参考文献 25

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年份 Year	品种 Cultivars	处理 Treatments	化学封顶剂用量 Amount of chemical topping agent
2019	新陆早72号新陆早61号	不打顶(CK₁)
		人工打顶(CK₂)
		DPC⁺ 低浓度	缩节胺+助剂:90 g/hm²+60 ml/hm²
		DPC⁺ 中浓度	缩节胺+助剂:180 g/hm²+120 ml/hm²
		DPC⁺ 高浓度	缩节胺+助剂:270 g/hm²+180 ml/hm²
2020	新陆早67号	不打顶(CK₁)
		人工打顶(CK₂)
		DPC⁺ 低浓度	缩节胺+助剂:90 g/hm²+60 ml/hm²
		DPC⁺ 中浓度	缩节胺+助剂:180 g/hm²+120 ml/hm²
		DPC⁺ 高浓度	缩节胺+助剂:270 g/hm²+180 ml/hm²

年份 Year	品种 Cultivars	处理 Treatments	化学封顶剂用量 Amount of chemical topping agent
2019	新陆早72号新陆早61号	不打顶(CK₁)
		人工打顶(CK₂)
		DPC⁺ 低浓度	缩节胺+助剂:90 g/hm²+60 ml/hm²
		DPC⁺ 中浓度	缩节胺+助剂:180 g/hm²+120 ml/hm²
		DPC⁺ 高浓度	缩节胺+助剂:270 g/hm²+180 ml/hm²
2020	新陆早67号	不打顶(CK₁)
		人工打顶(CK₂)
		DPC⁺ 低浓度	缩节胺+助剂:90 g/hm²+60 ml/hm²
		DPC⁺ 中浓度	缩节胺+助剂:180 g/hm²+120 ml/hm²
		DPC⁺ 高浓度	缩节胺+助剂:270 g/hm²+180 ml/hm²

品种 Cultivars	处理 Treatments	整株节间长度 Whole plant internode length (cm)	上部节间长度 Upper internode length (cm)	其余节间长度 Remaining internode length (cm)
2019年
新陆早72号 Xinluzao72	不打顶(CK₁)	6.45±0.54^a	6.58±0.17^b	6.45±0.89^a
	人工打顶(CK₂)	6.44±0.58^a	6.77±0.38^a	6.30±0.86^a
	DPC⁺ 低浓度	6.29±0.48^a	5.82±0.13^c	6.55±0.98^a
	DPC⁺ 中浓度	6.16±0.41^a	5.62±0.16^d	6.39±0.72^a
	DPC⁺ 高浓度	6.14±0.50^a	5.39±0.1^e	6.43±0.79^a
新陆早61号 Xinluzao61	不打顶(CK₁)	5.18±0.42^a	5.42±0.08^b	5.09±0.56^a
	人工打顶(CK₂)	5.27±0.34^a	5.74±0.22^a	5.20±0.43^a
	DPC⁺ 低浓度	5.11±0.25^a	5.10±0.17^c	5.13±0.35^a
	DPC⁺ 中浓度	5.02±0.33^a	4.88±0.17^d	5.08±0.44^a
	DPC⁺ 高浓度	5.04±0.27^a	4.84±0.19^d	5.17±0.67^a
2020年
新陆早67号 Xinluzao67	不打顶(CK₁)	4.63±0.17^b	4.99±0.52^a	4.39±0.24^a
	人工打顶(CK₂)	4.88±0.26^a	5.04±0.22^a	4.56±0.35^a
	DPC⁺ 低浓度	4.48±0.08^c	4.15±0.24^b	4.52±0.26^a
	DPC⁺ 中浓度	4.46±0.06^c	4.17±0.21^b	4.48±0.36^a
	DPC⁺ 高浓度	4.35±0.10^c	4.13±0.34^b	4.54±0.31^a

品种 Cultivars	处理 Treatments	整株节间长度 Whole plant internode length (cm)	上部节间长度 Upper internode length (cm)	其余节间长度 Remaining internode length (cm)
2019年
新陆早72号 Xinluzao72	不打顶(CK₁)	6.45±0.54^a	6.58±0.17^b	6.45±0.89^a
	人工打顶(CK₂)	6.44±0.58^a	6.77±0.38^a	6.30±0.86^a
	DPC⁺ 低浓度	6.29±0.48^a	5.82±0.13^c	6.55±0.98^a
	DPC⁺ 中浓度	6.16±0.41^a	5.62±0.16^d	6.39±0.72^a
	DPC⁺ 高浓度	6.14±0.50^a	5.39±0.1^e	6.43±0.79^a
新陆早61号 Xinluzao61	不打顶(CK₁)	5.18±0.42^a	5.42±0.08^b	5.09±0.56^a
	人工打顶(CK₂)	5.27±0.34^a	5.74±0.22^a	5.20±0.43^a
	DPC⁺ 低浓度	5.11±0.25^a	5.10±0.17^c	5.13±0.35^a
	DPC⁺ 中浓度	5.02±0.33^a	4.88±0.17^d	5.08±0.44^a
	DPC⁺ 高浓度	5.04±0.27^a	4.84±0.19^d	5.17±0.67^a
2020年
新陆早67号 Xinluzao67	不打顶(CK₁)	4.63±0.17^b	4.99±0.52^a	4.39±0.24^a
	人工打顶(CK₂)	4.88±0.26^a	5.04±0.22^a	4.56±0.35^a
	DPC⁺ 低浓度	4.48±0.08^c	4.15±0.24^b	4.52±0.26^a
	DPC⁺ 中浓度	4.46±0.06^c	4.17±0.21^b	4.48±0.36^a
	DPC⁺ 高浓度	4.35±0.10^c	4.13±0.34^b	4.54±0.31^a

品种 Cultivars	处理 Treatments	整株 Whole plant	上部 Upper	中部 Middle	下部 Lower
2019年
新陆早72号 Xinluzao72	不打顶(CK₁)	1.64±0.22^c	1.39±0.25^b	2±0.36^a	1.67±0.33^c
	人工打顶(CK₂)	2.05±0.47^a	2.41±0.75^a	2.24±0.46^a	1.6±1.6^c
	DPC⁺ 低浓度	1.84±0.18^ac	1.67±0.2^b	2.04±0.22^a	1.91±0.27^b
	DPC⁺ 中浓度	1.89±0.16^ab	1.59±0.24^b	2.16±0.49^a	2.04±0.25^ab
	DPC⁺ 高浓度	1.94±0.08^b	1.5±0.22^b	2.16±0.33^a	2.22±0.24^a
新陆早61号 Xinluzao61	不打顶(CK₁)	1.64±0.21^c	1.44±0.24^b	2.02±0.48^ab	1.6±0.38^cd
	人工打顶(CK₂)	2.02±0.26^a	2.97±0.63^a	1.89±0.41^b	1.4±0.34^d
	DPC⁺ 低浓度	1.84±0.19^b	1.69±0.28^b	2.02±0.32^ab	1.84±0.35^bc
	DPC⁺ 中浓度	1.86±0.20^b	1.56±0.19^b	2.11±0.35^ab	1.98±0.48^b
	DPC⁺ 高浓度	1.97±0.11^b	1.5±0.22^b	2.2±0.33^a	2.31±0.34^a
2020年
新陆早67号 Xinluzao67	不打顶(CK₁)	1.54±0.1^d	1.27±0.09^a	2±0.16^b	1.7±0.33^d
	人工打顶(CK₂)	2.04±0.07^a	1.72±0.24^c	2.23±0.22^a	2±0.31b^c
	DPC⁺ 低浓度	1.82±0.04^c	1.47±0.1^b	2.07±0.14^ab	1.8±0.23^cd
	DPC⁺ 中浓度	1.83±1.83^c	1.43±0.07^b	2.13±0.17^ab	2.1±0.16^b
	DPC⁺ 高浓度	1.94±0.07^b	1.37±0.08^bc	2.17±0.24^ab	2.43±0.16^a