自动施肥系统开发与性能测试

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.12.009

新疆农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (12): 2228-2235.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.12.009

自动施肥系统开发与性能测试

李明仁¹^,²(), 芦阳², 李东燕², 张万罡², 马庆安², 贺正¹, 刘扬¹^,²(), 马富裕¹^,²()

1.石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832003
2.现代农业生产信息化管理与应用技术国家地方联合工程研究中心(新疆兵团),新疆石河子 832003

收稿日期:2020-05-19 出版日期:2021-12-20 发布日期:2021-12-31
通信作者: 刘扬,马富裕
作者简介:李明仁(1992-),男,新疆奇台人,硕士,研究方向为智能施肥装备与技术,(E-mail) 1521098182@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201904);兵团重大科技计划(2018AA00403);兵团重点领域科技计划(2020AB017,2020AB018)(2020AB017);兵团重点领域科技计划(2020AB017,2020AB018)(2020AB018)

Development and Performance Test of Auto-Control Fertilization Equipment

LI Mingren¹^,²(), LU Yang², LI Dongyan², ZHANG Wangang², MA Qingan², HE Zheng¹, LIU Yang¹^,²(), MA Fuyu¹^,²()

1. Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of XPCC/ College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China
2. National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Modern Agricultural Production Information Management and Application Technology (Xinjiang Corps), Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China

Received:2020-05-19 Online:2021-12-20 Published:2021-12-31
Correspondence author: LIU Yang, MA Fuyu
Supported by:
National R & D Program Project(2017YFD0201904);The Major S & T Research Program Project(2018AA00403);Science and Technology Program Projects in Key Areas of XPCC(2020AB017);Science and Technology Program Projects in Key Areas of XPCC(2020AB018)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的开发一种适应于以固态水溶肥为原料的自动施肥系统,测试分析自动施肥系统性能。方法主控机采用ARM9电路控制模块可实现对轮灌编组、预搅拌时长、施肥开始与结束时间、施肥持续时长、施肥量等参数的设置;选择以蠕动泵为注肥装置,通过变频器控制注肥泵电机功率的方式控制注肥速率,控制施肥量。对装置核心部件搅拌器额定功率、计量方式、溶肥搅拌参数、排肥速度及固液相比例等主要参数等进行设计与测试。结果电感脉冲计量方式标准误差最大值1.26%,误差小、性价比好,确定其为本装置采用的计量方式;搅拌器以1.5 Kw额定功率、38 r/min转速搅拌、肥液浓度在1.1~1.3 g/mL、预搅拌时间30 min时,罐内各液位输出肥液浓度值差异不显著(P< 0.05),达到对肥料浓度均匀性的设计要求。结论将施肥开始前的预搅拌时间设为30 min、搅拌转速设为38 r/min、肥液浓度不高于1.3 g/mL,输出肥液浓度有较好的均匀性,实现精准施肥。

关键词: 自动施肥系统; 施肥精度; 肥液浓度; 搅拌时间; 搅拌转速

Abstract:

【Objective】 Development and Performance Test of Auto-Control Fertilization Equipment.In this paper, an automatic fertilization system of fertigation for solid soluble fertilizer was developed and its performance was tested. 【Methods】 The system was composed of the mainframe and fertilizer storage mixing assembly. ARM9 circuit control module was used to complete the setting of rotational irrigation grouping, premixing time, beginning and end time of fertilization, duration of fertilization, and fertilizer amount. It was equipped with a screw pump as fertilizer injection device, a transducer control regulating the motor power of fertilizer injection pump, and then the amount of fertilizer application was controlled. This paper mainly designed and tested the main parameters that would affect the performance of the device, such as the measurement method, the mixing parameters of dissolved fertilizer, the discharging speed of fertilizer and the ratio of liquid to solid. 【Results】 The results showed that among the three alternative metering methods (timing metering, flowmeter metering and pulse metering), the standard error of inductive pulse metering method was the lowest, which was ±0.83L/50L, and met the control requirements of error design. Therefore, it was determined as the metering method adopted by this device. By the stirring system with 38 r/min, the concentration of fertilizer solution with 1.1-1.3 g/mL, and the premixing time with 30 min, there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) of the concentration of fertilizer solution at each liquid level in the tank. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, the machine designed in this paper can greatly improve the automation level for fertigation and reduce the labor intensity of fertilization in field crop. It has broad applicability and popularity in our facility crop production.

Key words: automatic fertilization system; fertilization precision; fertilizer concentration; churning time; speed of agitator

中图分类号:

S224

李明仁, 芦阳, 李东燕, 张万罡, 马庆安, 贺正, 刘扬, 马富裕. 自动施肥系统开发与性能测试[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(12): 2228-2235.

LI Mingren, LU Yang, LI Dongyan, ZHANG Wangang, MA Qingan, HE Zheng, LIU Yang, MA Fuyu. Development and Performance Test of Auto-Control Fertilization Equipment[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(12): 2228-2235.

图/表 10

图1 固液兼用自动施肥装置结构示意注:1.贮肥搅拌罐 2.搅拌支架 3.加肥口 4.搅拌电机 5.进水阀门 6.注肥阀门 7.灌溉系统主干管 8.施肥控制主机 9.主机机架 10.吸肥管

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of automatic fertilization system Note: 1. Fertilizer tank 2. Stirring stents 3.Fertilizer mouth 4. Stirring machine 5. Water valve 6. Fertilizer injection valve 7.Irrigation main 8. Fertilization control main engine 9. Main engine stents 10. Fertilizer absorption tube

图2 自动施肥系统控制结构示意

Fig.2 Control structure diagram of automatic fertilization system

表1 主要技术指标与技术参数

Table 1 Main technical indicators and technical parameters

项目 Projects	技术指标、参数 Technical indicators and parameters
主控机外形尺寸(长×宽×高) Dimensions (length × width × height) (mm×mm×mm)	1 200×600×800
罐体外形尺寸(直径×高) Dimensions of fertilizer storage tank(diameter ×height)(mm×mm)	2 000×2 200
整机质量 Machine weight(kg)	400
搅拌器直径(d) Agitator diameter(mm)	1 000
贮肥罐容量 Fertilizer tank capacity(m³)	6
允许最大投肥量 Maximum fertilizer dosage allowed(t)	3
注肥方式 Injection fertilizer method	电感脉冲式
注肥口最大压力 Maximum pressure value of injection(MPa)	1.0
报警最低液位 Alarm of minimum liquid level(mm)	100
施肥量程 Amount range of fertilizer solution injected(L/h)	200~2 000

图3 贮肥搅拌罐及其搅拌器结构示意注:H1. 罐体高度 H2.第二层叶桨距罐底高度 H3. 第一层桨叶距罐高度 D1. 罐体内径 D2搅拌器宽度

Fig.3 Structure diagram of fertilizer storage tank and mixer Note: H1. Tank height H2. The height of second layer paddle from tank bottom H3. The height of the first layer paddle from tank bottom D1. Inner diameter of tank. D2. Mixer width

图4 系统性能测试装置结构示意

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of the performance test for the system

图5 液位监测装置工作原理电路示意

Fig.5 Circuit working principle diagram of liquid level monitoring device

图6 不同搅拌转速下不同液位肥液均匀度比较

Fig.6 Comparison of fertilizer mixture uniformity between liquid level under different mixing speeds

表2 3种计量方法精度检测

Table 2 Accuracy test for timing measurement method

计量方法	管道压力 (bar)	设定值 (L)	实际值 Actual value/L				误差 (%)
计量方法	管道压力 (bar)	设定值 (L)	16.7 (L/min)	12.5 (L/min)	10.0 (L/min)	8.3 (L/min)	误差 (%)
电感脉冲计量法	0.0	50	50.12	50.03	49.64	49.94	0.84
	0.5	50	50.23	50.07	49.63	50.25	0.88
	1.0	50	50.09	50.55	49.66	50.47	1.17
	1.5	50	50.17	50.43	49.92	50.39	0.79
	2.0	50	50.07	50.41	49.77	50.39	0.82
	2.5	50	49.86	50.11	49.85	50.36	1.26
电磁流量计量法	0.0	50	50.04	49.92	50.28	49.86	0.71
	0.5	50	50.17	50.11	49.83	50.19	0.69
	1.0	50	50.19	49.87	50.15	50.18	0.59
	1.5	50	50.07	49.99	50.01	50.27	1.01
	2.0	50	50.08	50.14	50.17	50.2	0.79
	2.5	50	50.43	49.98	49.75	50.15	0.98
计时计量法	0.0	50	50.61	50.79	50.93	51.21	2.45
	0.5	50	50.03	50.71	50.88	51.02	2.03
	1.0	50	50.68	50.35	50.84	50.96	1.92
	1.5	50	50.51	50.65	50.78	51.21	2.50
	2.0	50	50.53	50.64	50.93	51.02	2.07
	2.5	50	50.57	50.78	50.89	51.16	2.33

图7 不同预搅拌时间下不同液位肥液均匀度比较2.4 配肥浓度对均匀度

Fig.7 Comparison of fertilizer mixture uniformity between liquid level under different premixing times

图8 不同肥水比例下不同液位肥液均匀度比较

Fig.8 Comparison of fertilizer mixture uniformity between different liquid level with different fertilizer/water ratio

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自动施肥系统开发与性能测试

Development and Performance Test of Auto-Control Fertilization Equipment

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