新疆农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (12): 2236-2243.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.12.010
靳一南1,2(), 董合林1, 李鹏程1, 孙淼1, 邵晶晶1, 冯卫娜1, 徐文修2, 郑苍松1()
收稿日期:
2021-05-18
出版日期:
2021-12-20
发布日期:
2021-12-31
通信作者:
郑苍松
作者简介:
靳一南(1995-),女,河北人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,(E-mail) 30663858839@qq.com
基金资助:
JIN Yinan1,2(), DONG Helin1, LI Pengcheng1, SUN Miao1, SHAO Jingjing1, FENG Weina1, XU Wenxiu2, ZHENG Cangsong1()
Received:
2021-05-18
Online:
2021-12-20
Published:
2021-12-31
Correspondence author:
ZHENG Cangsong
Supported by:
摘要: 目的 田间小区下研究不同钾水平对棉花前期生长及光合作用的影响,为棉田钾素管理提供理论支撑。方法 采用随机区组试验设计,设置6个土壤速效钾浓度,k1(99.77 mg/kg)、k2(110.90 mg/kg)、k3(123.48 mg/kg)、k4(140.13 mg/kg)、k5(154.43 mg/kg)、k6(165.77 mg/kg)。于棉花子叶期选择10株测定干物重和全钾含量,苗期和蕾期分别选择10株和5株棉花测定干物重、叶面积、叶片净光合速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、SPAD值、全钾含量。结果 棉花株高和茎粗在苗期的范围分别为5.10~6.37 cm和2.43~3.01 mm,均随土壤速效钾水平增加而增加,而苗期至蕾期的单日增长量差异不显著,分别在0.63和0.12 mm/d。k6处理的棉株干物重、果枝数、现蕾数、棉花叶面积及叶面积单日增长量均显著高于k1。在苗期和蕾期,不同土壤钾水平处理间棉花功能叶净光合速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶绿素SPAD值均无显著差异,但各处理的棉株全钾含量和主茎叶钾含量均随土壤速效钾水平增加而显著增加。结论 土壤速效钾水平在100~160 mg/kg时,对棉株前期光合特性无显著影响,但高钾(>150 mg/kg)水平处理能够增加棉株叶面积和果枝数以保障产量结构。
中图分类号:
靳一南, 董合林, 李鹏程, 孙淼, 邵晶晶, 冯卫娜, 徐文修, 郑苍松. 土壤钾水平对棉花前期生长及光合特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(12): 2236-2243.
JIN Yinan, DONG Helin, LI Pengcheng, SUN Miao, SHAO Jingjing, FENG Weina, XU Wenxiu, ZHENG Cangsong. Effects of soil potassium level on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of early cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(12): 2236-2243.
钾浓度(处理编号) Potassium concentration (Treatment no.) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 速效磷 Quick-acting phosphorus (mg/kg) | 速效钾 Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg) | 有机质 Organic matter (g/kg) | 水溶性盐 Water-soluble salts (g/kg) | pH值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
k1 | 0.57±0.02 | 18.75±6.76 | 99.77±3.94 | 11.20±1.33 | 0.48±0.01 | 7.52±0.34 |
k2 | 0.58±0.02 | 23.67±4.99 | 110.90±6.74 | 10.72±0.61 | 0.48±0.02 | 7.67±0.27 |
k3 | 0.57±0.02 | 14.25±2.28 | 123.48±13.35 | 10.81±0.40 | 0.51±0.04 | 7.58±0.23 |
k4 | 0.58±0.02 | 15.33±2.87 | 140.13±6.11 | 10.53±0.24 | 0.50±0.03 | 7.70±0.28 |
k5 | 0.57±0.02 | 17.67±4.92 | 154.43±19.74 | 10.28±0.39 | 0.49±0.02 | 7.51±0.26 |
k6 | 0.57±0.03 | 17.67±4.50 | 165.77±13.04 | 11.62±1.17 | 0.51±0.04 | 7.54±0.23 |
表1 小区耕层土壤养分状况
Table 1 Micro area arable layer soil nutrient status
钾浓度(处理编号) Potassium concentration (Treatment no.) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 速效磷 Quick-acting phosphorus (mg/kg) | 速效钾 Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg) | 有机质 Organic matter (g/kg) | 水溶性盐 Water-soluble salts (g/kg) | pH值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
k1 | 0.57±0.02 | 18.75±6.76 | 99.77±3.94 | 11.20±1.33 | 0.48±0.01 | 7.52±0.34 |
k2 | 0.58±0.02 | 23.67±4.99 | 110.90±6.74 | 10.72±0.61 | 0.48±0.02 | 7.67±0.27 |
k3 | 0.57±0.02 | 14.25±2.28 | 123.48±13.35 | 10.81±0.40 | 0.51±0.04 | 7.58±0.23 |
k4 | 0.58±0.02 | 15.33±2.87 | 140.13±6.11 | 10.53±0.24 | 0.50±0.03 | 7.70±0.28 |
k5 | 0.57±0.02 | 17.67±4.92 | 154.43±19.74 | 10.28±0.39 | 0.49±0.02 | 7.51±0.26 |
k6 | 0.57±0.03 | 17.67±4.50 | 165.77±13.04 | 11.62±1.17 | 0.51±0.04 | 7.54±0.23 |
处理编号 Treatment no | 苗期 Seedling stage (cm) | 蕾期 Bud stage (cm) | 日增长量 Daily growth (cm/d) |
---|---|---|---|
k1 | 5.10b | 17.97a | 0.61a |
k2 | 5.43ab | 18.83a | 0.64a |
k3 | 5.80ab | 18.74a | 0.62a |
k4 | 5.73ab | 18.59a | 0.61a |
k5 | 6.17ab | 19.05a | 0.61a |
k6 | 6.37a | 20.79a | 0.69a |
表2 棉株株高及日增长量变化
Table 2 Cotton plant height and daily growth
处理编号 Treatment no | 苗期 Seedling stage (cm) | 蕾期 Bud stage (cm) | 日增长量 Daily growth (cm/d) |
---|---|---|---|
k1 | 5.10b | 17.97a | 0.61a |
k2 | 5.43ab | 18.83a | 0.64a |
k3 | 5.80ab | 18.74a | 0.62a |
k4 | 5.73ab | 18.59a | 0.61a |
k5 | 6.17ab | 19.05a | 0.61a |
k6 | 6.37a | 20.79a | 0.69a |
处理编号 Treatment no | 苗期 Seedling stage (mm) | 蕾期 Bud stage (mm) | 日增长量 Daily growth (mm/d) |
---|---|---|---|
k1 | 2.43c | 4.78b | 0.11a |
k2 | 2.58bc | 5.13ab | 0.12a |
k3 | 2.74abc | 5.24ab | 0.12a |
k4 | 2.73abc | 5.25ab | 0.12a |
k5 | 2.91ab | 5.50ab | 0.12a |
k6 | 3.01a | 5.89a | 0.14a |
表3 棉株茎粗及日增长量变化
Table 3 Cotton plant stem diameter and daily growth
处理编号 Treatment no | 苗期 Seedling stage (mm) | 蕾期 Bud stage (mm) | 日增长量 Daily growth (mm/d) |
---|---|---|---|
k1 | 2.43c | 4.78b | 0.11a |
k2 | 2.58bc | 5.13ab | 0.12a |
k3 | 2.74abc | 5.24ab | 0.12a |
k4 | 2.73abc | 5.25ab | 0.12a |
k5 | 2.91ab | 5.50ab | 0.12a |
k6 | 3.01a | 5.89a | 0.14a |
处理编号 Treatment no | 苗期 Seedling stage (cm2) | 蕾期 Bud stage (cm2) | 日增长量 Daily growth (cm2/d) |
---|---|---|---|
k1 | 37.53b | 510.71b | 22.53b |
k2 | 47.42ab | 595.45ab | 26.10ab |
k3 | 46.17ab | 583.86ab | 25.60ab |
k4 | 43.42ab | 574.85ab | 25.31ab |
k5 | 45.41ab | 591.66ab | 26.01ab |
k6 | 52.34a | 731.67a | 32.35a |
表4 棉株叶面积及日增长量变化
Table 4 Leaf area and daily growth of cotton plant
处理编号 Treatment no | 苗期 Seedling stage (cm2) | 蕾期 Bud stage (cm2) | 日增长量 Daily growth (cm2/d) |
---|---|---|---|
k1 | 37.53b | 510.71b | 22.53b |
k2 | 47.42ab | 595.45ab | 26.10ab |
k3 | 46.17ab | 583.86ab | 25.60ab |
k4 | 43.42ab | 574.85ab | 25.31ab |
k5 | 45.41ab | 591.66ab | 26.01ab |
k6 | 52.34a | 731.67a | 32.35a |
处理 Deal with | 果枝始节 Node of the first fruiting branch | 果枝数 Branch number (个/株) | 现蕾数 Budding number (个/株) | 果枝始节 高度 Height of the first fruiting branch (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
k1 | 6.7a | 3.2c | 3.3b | 12.5a |
k2 | 6.2ab | 4.3abc | 4.9ab | 12.4a |
k3 | 6.1ab | 4.8abc | 5.7ab | 11.6a |
k4 | 5.9b | 3.6bc | 4.2b | 11.8a |
k5 | 5.6b | 5.1ab | 5.9ab | 11.4a |
k6 | 5.5b | 5.7a | 7.1a | 11.9a |
表5 蕾期棉株生育性状变化
Table 5 Growth traits of cotton plant at bud stage
处理 Deal with | 果枝始节 Node of the first fruiting branch | 果枝数 Branch number (个/株) | 现蕾数 Budding number (个/株) | 果枝始节 高度 Height of the first fruiting branch (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
k1 | 6.7a | 3.2c | 3.3b | 12.5a |
k2 | 6.2ab | 4.3abc | 4.9ab | 12.4a |
k3 | 6.1ab | 4.8abc | 5.7ab | 11.6a |
k4 | 5.9b | 3.6bc | 4.2b | 11.8a |
k5 | 5.6b | 5.1ab | 5.9ab | 11.4a |
k6 | 5.5b | 5.7a | 7.1a | 11.9a |
图1 棉株干物重变化 注:不同字母表示达到显著差异(P < 0.05)
Fig.1 Dry matter weight of cotton plant Note: Different letters in the chart indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)
处理编号 Treatment no | 净光合速率 Pn (umol/(m2·s)) | 胞间二氧化碳浓度 Ci (umol/mol) | 蒸腾速率 E (mmol/(m2·s)) | 气孔导度 Gs (mol/(m2·s)) | SPAD | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
苗期 Seedling stage | 蕾期 Bud stage | 苗期 Seedling stage | 蕾期 Bud stage | 苗期 Seedling stage | 蕾期 Bud stage | 苗期 Seedling stage | 蕾期 Bud stage | 苗期 Seedling stage | 蕾期 Bud stage | |
k1 | 23.60a | 33.93a | 155.89a | 151.16a | 5.69a | 6.87a | 0.22a | 0.33a | 47.39a | 57.75a |
k2 | 23.62a | 33.35a | 173.07a | 154.79a | 6.42a | 6.98a | 0.24a | 0.32a | 50.46a | 58.10a |
k3 | 24.89a | 35.09a | 152.98a | 152.97a | 5.83a | 7.04a | 0.23a | 0.34a | 49.43a | 56.00a |
k4 | 24.62a | 35.54a | 164.25a | 153.80a | 6.22a | 7.46a | 0.24a | 0.36a | 49.54a | 55.37a |
k5 | 26.42a | 33.67a | 179.63a | 148.69a | 6.75a | 6.86a | 0.23a | 0.32a | 50.19a | 56.37a |
k6 | 26.61a | 33.90a | 168.94a | 139.87a | 6.64a | 6.95a | 0.24a | 0.31a | 49.24a | 57.33a |
表6 棉花功能叶光合特性变化
Table 6 Photosynthetic characteristics of functional leaves of cotton
处理编号 Treatment no | 净光合速率 Pn (umol/(m2·s)) | 胞间二氧化碳浓度 Ci (umol/mol) | 蒸腾速率 E (mmol/(m2·s)) | 气孔导度 Gs (mol/(m2·s)) | SPAD | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
苗期 Seedling stage | 蕾期 Bud stage | 苗期 Seedling stage | 蕾期 Bud stage | 苗期 Seedling stage | 蕾期 Bud stage | 苗期 Seedling stage | 蕾期 Bud stage | 苗期 Seedling stage | 蕾期 Bud stage | |
k1 | 23.60a | 33.93a | 155.89a | 151.16a | 5.69a | 6.87a | 0.22a | 0.33a | 47.39a | 57.75a |
k2 | 23.62a | 33.35a | 173.07a | 154.79a | 6.42a | 6.98a | 0.24a | 0.32a | 50.46a | 58.10a |
k3 | 24.89a | 35.09a | 152.98a | 152.97a | 5.83a | 7.04a | 0.23a | 0.34a | 49.43a | 56.00a |
k4 | 24.62a | 35.54a | 164.25a | 153.80a | 6.22a | 7.46a | 0.24a | 0.36a | 49.54a | 55.37a |
k5 | 26.42a | 33.67a | 179.63a | 148.69a | 6.75a | 6.86a | 0.23a | 0.32a | 50.19a | 56.37a |
k6 | 26.61a | 33.90a | 168.94a | 139.87a | 6.64a | 6.95a | 0.24a | 0.31a | 49.24a | 57.33a |
图2 棉株全钾含量变化 注:不同字母表示达到显著差异(P < 0.05)
Fig. 2 Total potassium content of cotton plant Note: Different letters in the chart indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)
图3 棉花叶片全钾含量变化 注:不同字母表示达到显著差异(P < 0.05)
Fig.3 Total potassium content in cotton leaves Note: Different letters in the chart indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)
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