新疆农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (12): 2157-2163.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 •    下一篇

高产冬小麦品种群体动态及干物质积累、分配的差异

张宏芝1, 高永红2, 王立红1, 孔德鹏3, 张跃强1, 李剑峰1, 王重1, 高新1, 时佳1, 赵奇1, 樊哲儒1   

  1. 1.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091;
    2.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091;
    3.新疆维吾尔自治区农业技术推广总站,乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-30 出版日期:2020-12-20 发布日期:2020-12-24
  • 通信作者: 赵奇(1962-),男,天津人,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为粮食作物高产栽培,(E-mail)zhq0817@sina.com;樊哲儒(1964-),男,甘肃人,研究员,研究方向为小麦诱变育种,(E-mail)fzr518@163.com
  • 作者简介:张宏芝(1983-),男,甘肃永昌人,副研究员,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)dreamzhz@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“粮食主产区产量与效率层次差异消减技术途径综合评价”(2016YFD0300110);国家自然科学基金“弱光及氮肥互作对冬小麦叶源特性、氮素利用率及产量影响的研究”(31560370);农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题“氮肥对新疆不同小麦品种产量和氮素利用效率影响的研究”(25107020-201805)

Differences in Population Dynamics, Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of High-Yield Winter Wheat

ZHANG Hongzhi1, GAO Yonghong2, WANG Lihong1, KONG Depeng3, ZHANG Yueqiang1, LI Jianfeng1, WANG Zhong1, GAO Xin1, SHI Jia1, ZHAO QI1, FAN Zheru1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation, MOARA / Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;
    2. Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;
    3. Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, China
  • Received:2020-09-30 Online:2020-12-20 Published:2020-12-24
  • Correspondence author: ZHAO Qi(1962-), male, native place: Tianjin, researcher, master tutor, research direction: crop high-yield cultivation, (E-mail) zhq0817@sina.com; FAN Zheru(1964-), male, Gansu Province, researcher, research direction: wheat mutation breeding, (E-mail)fzr518@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the National K & D Program Project of China "Comprehensive Evaluation of Technical Approach for Differentiation of Production and Efficiency Levels in Main Grain Production Areas"(2016YFD0300110); The Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Research on Effect of Low Light and Nitrogen Interaction on Leaf Character, Nitrogen Utilization and Yield of Winter Wheat"(31560370);Open Topic of Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation, MOARA "Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Different Wheat Varieties in Xinjiang"(25107020-201805)

摘要: 【目的】 研究新疆南疆不同冬小麦品种群体动态及干物质积累特性的差异,为新疆南疆高产品种选择及小麦高产栽培管理提供理论依据。【方法】 在大田条件下,以冬小麦品种新冬20号、新冬40号、新冬57号、新冬60号为材料,研究4个品种群体动态变化、干物质积累、转运、分配以及产量的差异。【结果】 新冬40号和新冬20号生育期总茎数较高,但茎蘖成穗率较低;新冬60号茎蘖成穗率高于其它品种。新冬60号成熟期干物质积累量较高,向籽粒的分配率显著高于其它品种;新冬60号开花后营养器官贮藏干物质向籽粒的转运量及对籽粒的贡献率较高,开花后干物质对籽粒的贡献率为79%;新冬40号和新冬20号收获穗数高于新冬60和新冬57号,新冬60号穗粒数显著高于其它品种,千粒重新冬57号>新冬60号、新冬40号>新冬20号,产量和容重新冬60号高于其它品种。【结论】 新冬60号成穗率高,开花后营养器官贮藏干物质向籽粒的转运量及对籽粒的贡献率较高,成熟期干物质积累量及向籽粒的分配率较高,获得较高的穗粒数,产量构成因素较协调,最终获得高产。

关键词: 小麦; 品种; 群体动态; 干物质积累特性; 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the differences of population dynamics and dry matter accumulation characteristics of different varieties in southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the selection of high-yield varieties and the management of wheat cultivation in southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Under field conditions, Xindong 20, Xindong 40, Xindong 57 and Xindong 60 were used as experimental materials to study the population dynamics, dry matter accumulation, transport, distribution and yield differences of the 4 varieties. 【Results】 The total stem number in the growth period of Xindong 40 and Xindong 20 was higher, but the tillering yield was lower. Xindong 60 had fewer tillers, higher tiller rate and stronger individual, which was conducive to the formation of large panicles. The dry matter accumulation was higher in the mature period of Xindong 60, and the distribution rate to grains was significantly higher than that of other varieties. The transfer volume of dry matter stored in vegetative organs to grains and its contribution rate to grains were higher after flowering. The contribution rate of dry matter to grains was 79% after flowering, which laid a foundation for higher yield. The number of panicles harvested from Xindong 40 and Xindong 20 were higher than those of Xindong 60 and Xindong 57, the number of grain per ear of new winter 60 was significantly higher than that of other varieties. 1,000-grain weight showed as Xindong 57 >Xindong 60 and Xindong 40>Xindong 20, the yield and grain volume weight of Xindong 60 were higher than those of other varieties. 【Conclusion】 Xindong 60 has fewer tillers and higher heading rate and the transfer volume of dry matter stored in vegetative organs to grains and its contribution rate to grains are higher after flowering; The dry matter accumulation and grain distribution rate in mature period are higher, thus obtaining higher number of grains per ear; The factors of production composition are more coordinated, and finally high yield is obtained.

Key words: wheat; variety; population dynamics; dry matter accumulation characteristics; yield

中图分类号: 


ISSN 1001-4330 CN 65-1097/S
邮发代号:58-18
国外代号:BM3342
主管:新疆农业科学院
主办:新疆农业科学院 新疆农业大学 新疆农学会

出版单位:《新疆农业科学》编辑部
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