不同施氮量对设施甜瓜生长发育、养分吸收利用的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (10): 1792-1801.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.004

• 园艺特产·贮藏保鲜加工·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

不同施氮量对设施甜瓜生长发育、养分吸收利用的影响

刘志刚¹, 任红松¹, 李海峰¹, 张以和², 买买提·艾合买提³, 胡西旦·买买提¹, 努尔孜叶古丽·马合木提⁴, 阿木提·库尔班¹, 王瑞华¹, 甘付华²

1.新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所,新疆吐鲁番 838000;
2.新疆吐鲁番市农业技术推广中心,新疆吐鲁番 838000;
3.托克逊县伊拉湖镇农业技术推广站,新疆托克逊 838103;
4.托克逊县农产品质量安全检测中心,新疆托克逊 838100

收稿日期:2020-02-02 出版日期:2020-10-20 发布日期:2020-09-04
通信作者: 甘付华(1980-),男,高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向为园艺作物栽培、土肥水技术推广,(E-mail)63825078@qq.com
作者简介:刘志刚(1977-),男,高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向为果蔬栽培与生理,(E-mail)lzg0327@163.com
基金资助:
自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费“甜瓜植株早衰机制与调控研究”(ky2019015);吐鲁番市2019年耕地保护与质量提升

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on Growth, Nutrient Absorption and Utilization of Muskmelon in Facilities

LIU Zhigang¹, REN Hongsong¹, LI Haifeng¹, ZHANG Yihe², Maimaiti Aihemaiti³, Huxidan Maimaiti¹, Nuerziyeguli Mahemuti⁴, Amuti Kuerban¹, WANG Ruihua¹, GAN Fuhua²

1. Turpan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang academy of Agricultural Sciences, Turpan Xinjiang 838000, China;
2. Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Turpan City, Turpan Xinjiang 838000, China;
3. Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Toksun County Yilahu Town, Toksun Xinjiang 838103, China;
4. Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Testing Center in Toksun County, Toksun Xinjiang 838100, China

Received:2020-02-02 Online:2020-10-20 Published:2020-09-04
Correspondence author: GAN Fuhua,(1980-), male, senior agronomist, master's degree, mainly engaged in horticultural crop cultivation, soil, fertilizer and water technology promotion, etc.(E-mail)63825078@qq.com
Supported by:
Supported by Basic Scientific R & D Program of Public Welfare Research Institutions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China "Study on Mechanism and Regulation of Premature Senescence of Melon Plants" and Cultivated Land Protection and Quality Improvement Project in Turpan City in 2019.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究不同施氮量对设施甜瓜生长发育和养分吸收利用的影响,为设施甜瓜生产确定氮肥最佳施用量、提高化肥利用率和化肥减施增效提供参考。【方法】 以新疆吐鲁番地方品种西开心甜瓜为试材,在设施条件下以不施氮肥和常规施肥为对照,分析不同施氮量处理对甜瓜生长发育及氮素吸收利用的影响。【结果】 以施入一定磷钾肥为基础,植株主蔓和茎粗生长在生育期内表现为为“慢-快-慢”3个阶段的“S”型生长曲线,主蔓长度与施氮量成正比,随着施氮量的增加,植株茎粗、果实纵径、横径及氮素吸收量均表现为先增加后减小的趋势,优化施肥与常规施肥相比,氮素吸收率提高32.79%,氮肥利用率提高11.63%。氮素过量施用会导致氮肥对产量贡献率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥生理利用率和氮产投比都降低。【结论】 在保证甜瓜产量和品质的基础上,以优化施肥为基础,配方施肥,增施有机肥,根据甜瓜生长结果需肥规律,氮磷钾肥科学合理配施,实现氮肥的高效利用,提高氮肥利用率,减施化肥和农药,降低生产成本。

关键词: :甜瓜; 氮素; 生长发育; 化学肥料; 吸收利用

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the growth, development and nutrient absorption and utilization of protected melon in the hope of providing reference for determining the best nitrogen application rate, improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer and reducing the application efficiency of chemical fertilizer. 【Methods】 muskmelon, a local variety in Turpan, Xinjiang, was used as the test material to analyze the effects of different nitrogen application on the growth and development of muskmelon and the nitrogen absorption and utilization under the condition of facility. 【Results】 Based on the application of a certain amount of P and K fertilizer, the growth curve of main vine and stem diameter in the growth period was "slow fast slow" three stages, and the length of main vine was in direct proportion to the amount of nitrogen application. With the increase of nitrogen application, the plant stem diameter, fruit vertical diameter, horizontal diameter and nitrogen absorption increased first and then decreased, and the optimized fertilization, compared with conventional fertilization, the nitrogen absorption rate and nitrogen utilization rate increased by 32.79% and 11.63% respectively. Excessive application of nitrogen reduced the contribution rate of nitrogen to yield, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen, partial productivity of nitrogen, physiological utilization rate of nitrogen and the ratio of nitrogen production to investment. 【Conclusion】 On the basis of ensuring the yield and quality of muskmelon and on the basis of optimizing fertilization, formula fertilization was carried out according to the soil fertility to increase the application of organic fertilizer. And according to the law of fertilizer requirement for melon growth results, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied scientifically and reasonably to realize the efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, and reduce the production cost in Turpan, thus efficiently increasing farmers' income and providing technical guarantee.

Key words: muskmelon; nitrogen; growth and development; chemical fertilizer; absorption and utilization

中图分类号:

S652

刘志刚, 任红松, 李海峰, 张以和, 买买提·艾合买提, 胡西旦·买买提, 努尔孜叶古丽·马合木提, 阿木提·库尔班, 王瑞华, 甘付华. 不同施氮量对设施甜瓜生长发育、养分吸收利用的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(10): 1792-1801.

LIU Zhigang, REN Hongsong, LI Haifeng, ZHANG Yihe, Maimaiti Aihemaiti, Huxidan Maimaiti, Nuerziyeguli Mahemuti, Amuti Kuerban, WANG Ruihua, GAN Fuhua. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on Growth, Nutrient Absorption and Utilization of Muskmelon in Facilities[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(10): 1792-1801.

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不同施氮量对设施甜瓜生长发育、养分吸收利用的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on Growth, Nutrient Absorption and Utilization of Muskmelon in Facilities

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