干旱区连作对甜高粱农艺性状及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.07.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究连作对甜高粱主要农艺性状及产量与质量的影响,筛选最佳连作施肥方式,为新疆干旱区连作甜高粱的合理施肥及养分管理提供科学依据。【方法】 长期定位测定2年连作甜高粱,分析甜高粱品种新高粱3号生育期、株高、茎粗、节数、单株重、单秆重等农艺性状,以及含糖锤度、秸秆产量、籽粒产量、千粒重、生物产量等的影响。【结果】 连作抑制了新高粱3号地上部的生长、降低了产量并推迟了生育周期。连作第2年所有施肥处理的株高、茎粗、单株重、单秆重均比第1年极显著降低。连作第2年所有施肥处理均比第1年晚熟15 d。连作第2年的平均秸秆产量、籽粒产量及生物产量均比第1年分别降低了1.51%、17.81%和2.31% 。不同施肥处理对甜高粱农艺性状、含糖锤度及产量也有影响,施用不同类型肥料均可以明显增加甜高粱茎秆的含糖锤度。不施任何肥料(CK)明显抑制了新高粱3号的生长并降低品质。连作期间在各施肥处理中NPK处理的株高、节数、茎粗均高于其他处理,增幅度1.80%~8.90%。NPK处理籽粒产量、千粒重高达4.46 t/hm²、21.54 g,而PK处理含糖锤度及生物产量高达20.60%、89.73 t/hm²。【结论】 虽然连作抑制了甜高梁的生长、降低了主要农艺性状及产量,但施肥在一定程度上能减轻连作对甜高粱的生长障碍,主要生长参数均是 NPK 处理最高。

关键词: 甜高粱; 连作; 施肥; 农艺性状; 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effects of continuous cropping on the main agronomic characters, yield and quality of sweet sorghum were studied, and select the best way of continuous cropping fertilization in the hope of providing scientific basis for rational fertilization and nutrient management of continuous cropping sweet sorghum in arid area of Xinjiang.【Method】 Based on the long-term positioning experiment of sweet sorghum, the effects of two-year continuous cropping of sweet sorghum on the growth period, plant height, stem diameter, number of internodes, individual plant weight, culm weight and its sugar brix, straw yield, grain yield, thousand grain weight and biological yield of sweet sorghum variety New Sorghum No.3 were measured.【Result】Continuous cropping inhibited the growth of New Sorghum 3, reduced the yield and delayed the growth period. In the second year of continuous cropping, plant height, stem diameter, individual plant weigh and culm weight of all fertilization treatments were significantly lower than those in the first year. In the second year of continuous cropping, the crops by all fertilization treatments ripened 15 days later than the first year. In the second year of continuous cropping, the average straw yield, grain yield and biological yield decreased by 1.51%, 17.81% and 2.31% respectively. In addition, different fertilization treatments also have effects on the agronomic characters, sugar brix and yield of sweet sorghum. The application of different types of fertilizer could significantly increase the brix of sweet sorghum stalk. No application of any fertilizer (CK) significantly inhibited the growth and quality of New Sorghum 3. The plant height, number of internodes and stem diameter of NPK treatment were higher than those by other treatments during continuous cropping, with an increase rate of 1.80% - 8.90%. The yield and thousand grain weight of NPK treatment were as high as 4.46 t/hm² and 21.54 g, while the brix and biomass of PK treatment were as high as 20.60% and 89.73 t/hm².【Conclusion】 The results of comprehensive analysis showed that although continuous cropping inhibited the growth of sweet sorghum and reduced the main agronomic characters and yield, fertilization could reduce the growth barriers of continuous cropping to sweet sorghum to a certain extent. The main growth parameters of NPK treatment were the highest.

Key words: sweet sorghum; continuous cropping; fertilization; agronomic characters; yield

中图分类号:

S514

再吐尼古丽·库尔班, 吐尔逊·吐尔洪, 朱敏, 涂振东, 艾克拜尔·伊拉洪. 干旱区连作对甜高粱农艺性状及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(7): 1211-1222.

Zaituniguli Kuerban , Tuerxun Tuerhong, ZHU Min, TU Zhendong, Aikebaier Yilahong. Effects of Continuous Cropping on Agronomic Shape and Yield of Sweet Sorghum No.3[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(7): 1211-1222.

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