新疆农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (7): 1177-1186.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.07.001

• •    下一篇

核桃小麦间作模式下冬小麦冠层结构及其小气候对种植密度的响应

张永强1,2, 张恒3, 方辉1, 陈传信1,2, 赛力汗·赛1,2, 薛丽华1,2, 陈兴武1,2, 雷钧杰1,2   

  1. 1.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091;
    2.农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091;
    3.新疆农业科学院国际科技合作交流处,乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-06 出版日期:2020-07-20 发布日期:2020-06-22
  • 通信作者: 雷钧杰(1972-),男,研究员,博士,研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理, (E-mail)leijunjie@sohu.com陈兴武(1960-),男,陕西山阳人,研究员,研究方向为作物高产栽培,(E-mail)cxw0723@sina.com
  • 作者简介:张永强(1988-),男,河南平舆人,助理研究员,研究方向为作物高产优质栽培生理,(E-mail)zyq988@yeah.net
  • 基金资助:
    农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-201704);国家自然科学基金(31960379);国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-3);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD020040609)

Response of Winter Wheat Canopy Structure and Microclimate to Planting Density in Walnut-Wheat Intercropping Pattern

ZHANG Yongqiang1,2, ZHANG Heng3, FANG Hui1, CHEN Chuanxin1,2, Sailihan Sai1,2, XUE Lihua1,2, CHEN Xingwu1,2, LEI Junjie1,2   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091,China;
    3. International Cooperation and Exchange Office of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China
  • Received:2019-12-06 Online:2020-07-20 Published:2020-06-22
  • Correspondence author: LEI Junjie(1972-),male, Gansu Gulang County, Doctor, Researcher, Research direction for crop yield cultivation,(E-mail)leijunjie@sohu.com ; CHEN Xingwu(1960-), male, Shanxi Shanyang County, Researcher, Research direction for crop yield cultivation, (E-mail)cxw0723@sina.com.

摘要: 【目的】 研究核桃小麦(以下简称核麦)间作模式下,种植密度对冬小麦冠层结构及农田小气候的影响。【方法】 2016~2017年在核麦间作模式下,设置450×104株/hm2(M1)、525×104株/hm2(M2)、600×104株/hm2(M3)、675×104株/hm2(M4)、750×104株/hm2(M5)5种冬小麦种植密度,观测冬小麦冠层结构及冠层空气温度、湿度以及冠层透光率的变化过程。【结果】 核麦间作下,远冠区冬小麦单片单面积、株高、茎粗均高于冠下区;随着种植密度增加,冠下区、远冠区冬小麦各叶层叶面积、各节间长度和节间粗度均呈“先增后减”的趋势,株高变幅为76.49~81.66 cm(冠下区)和78.34~86.27 cm(远冠区)。冠下区、远冠区冠层空气温度呈“先升后降”的曲线,冠下区M1处理最高,远冠区M4、M5处理相对较高,冠下区上午升温、下午降温速度慢,高温持续期短,冠下区各密度冠层温度(18.19~35.99℃)的变幅低于远冠区(17.82~38.92℃);湿度呈“先降后升”的曲线,均在M1最低,远冠区冠层空气湿度上午降速、下午升速均慢,湿度低谷持续期短,冠下区冠层空气湿度(44.73%~100%)变幅高于远冠区(36.62%~100%)。小麦冠层顶部入射光合有效辐射量(PAR)冠下区明显低于远冠区;冠下区、远冠区的冠层光合有效辐射截获量(IPAR)随着密度的增加均呈“先升后降”的趋势,均在M2处理达到最大。【结论】 种植密度525×104株/hm2(M2)时,核麦间作下冬小麦冠层结构及其小气候较适宜。

关键词: 冬小麦; 密度; 核麦间作; 冠层结构; 小气候

Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effects of planting density on canopy structure and microclimate of winter wheat in walnut-wheat intercropping pattern.【Method】 In 2016-2017, planting densities of 4.5 million plants /hm2 (M1), 5.25 million plants /hm2 (M2), 6 million plants /hm2 (M3), 6.75 million plants /hm2 (M4) and 7.5 million plants /hm2 (M5) were set in walnut-wheat intercropping fields and canopy structure, canopy air temperature, humidity and canopy light transmittance of winter wheat were observed. 【Result】The results showed that the single leaf area, plant height and stem diameter of winter wheat in the distal crown region were higher than those in the lower crown region. With the increase of planting density, the leaf area, internode length and internode roughness of winter wheat in the subcrown and distal crown showed a trend of "first increasing and then decreasing", and the plant height varied from 76.49-81.66 cm (subcrown) to 78.34-86.27 cm (distal crown). The air temperature in the lower canopy area and the far canopy area showed a curve of "first rising and then falling". The M1 treatment in the lower canopy area was the highest, while the M4 and M5 treatment in the far canopy area were relatively high. The humidity in the far canopy area decreased slowly in the morning and rose slowly in the afternoon, and the humidity trough lasted for a short period. The variation amplitude of the canopy air humidity in the lower canopy area (44.73%-100%) was higher than that in the far canopy area (36.62%-100%).The incidence photosynthetic effective radiation (PAR) at the top of wheat canopy was significantly lower than that in the far canopy. The photosynthetic effective radiation interception (IPAR) of the canopy in the lower and far canopy areas showed a trend of "first rise and then fall" with the increase of density, and reached the maximum value in M2 treatment.【Conclusion】 It was concluded that the canopy structure and microclimate of winter wheat in walnut-wheat intercropping were more suitable when the planting density was 5.25 million plants /hm2.

Key words: planting density; winter wheat; walnut-wheat intercropping pattern; canopy structure; microclimate

中图分类号: 


ISSN 1001-4330 CN 65-1097/S
邮发代号:58-18
国外代号:BM3342
主管:新疆农业科学院
主办:新疆农业科学院 新疆农业大学 新疆农学会

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