基肥减施对不同棉花品种生长发育、干物质积累分配及产量品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.005

新疆农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 1018-1029.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.005

基肥减施对不同棉花品种生长发育、干物质积累分配及产量品质的影响

黄光伟¹, 汪志强¹, 陈国栋¹, 胡守林¹, 郭子轩¹, 毛廷勇¹, 李玲¹, 张伟², 支金虎¹, 姚永生¹, 翟云龙¹, 万素梅¹

1.塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300;
2.石河子大学,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2020-01-20 出版日期:2020-06-20 发布日期:2020-05-11
通信作者: 翟云龙(1979-),男,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物高产栽培,(E-mail)zylzky@163.com;万素梅(1968-),女,教授,博士,研究方向为农业资源管理及高效农作制度,(E-mail) wansumei510@163.com
作者简介:黄光伟(1994-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,(E-mail)hgwzky@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0504300; 2017YFD0201900; 2017YFD0101600);国家自然科学基金(31660410)

Effects of Basal Fertilizer Reduction on Growth and Development, Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution, Yield and Quality of Different Cotton Varieties in Southern Xinjiang

Huang Guangwei¹, Wang Zhiqiang¹, Chen Guodong¹, Hu Shoulin¹, Guo Zixuan¹, Mao Tingyong¹, Liling¹, Zhangwei², Zhi Jinhu¹, Yao Yongsheng¹, Zhai Yunlong¹, Wan Sumei¹

1.College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China;
2.Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China

Received:2020-01-20 Online:2020-06-20 Published:2020-05-11
Correspondence author: CHEN Guodong(1986 -), male, Ph.D., associate professor, master's supervisor, research direction: Theory and technology of crop high yield, theory and technology of agricultural sustainable developmen,(E-mail)cgdzky@163.com;WAN Sumei (1968-), female, Ph.D., Professor, research direction is agricultural resource management and efficient farming system in dry area,(E-mail)wansumei510@163.com
Supported by:
Supported by the National Key R & D Program Projects (2017YFC0504300, 2017YFD0201900 and 2017YFD0101600); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31660410)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同棉花品种对基肥施用量的需求,提高基肥利用效率。【方法】观测不同棉花品种生育期以及指标生长发育,综合对比不同棉花品种产量、品质性状,筛选出新疆阿拉尔垦区基肥减施的最佳种植品种。【结果】随着基肥施用量的减少,新陆中55号生育天数最长。在基肥全施处理下,锦棉Z1112株高最高,干物质积累量最多,但养分用于营养生长较多,用于生殖生长较少,在不施基肥处理下,新陆中55号干物质积累量最少,应增施基肥来达到高产高效。新陆中22号的产量、品质性状均较优,且基肥半施对该品种产量、品质性状无显著差异,可减施基肥增加肥料利用率。【结论】阿拉尔垦区种植新陆中22号可以获得最大经济效益。

关键词: 基肥施用量; 高产高效; 基肥减施; 经济效益

Abstract: 【Objective】 To find out the demand of different cotton varieties for basal fertilizer application, so as to improve the utilization efficiency of basal fertilizer and make cotton field high yield and high efficiency. 【Methods】 Based on the observation of cotton growth period and growth and development indexes, and the comprehensive comparison of yield and quality characters of different cotton varieties, the best planting varieties with reduced basal fertilizer application in Alar reclamation area were screened. 【Results】 The results showed that with the decrease of basal fertilizer application, the growth days of Xinluzhong 55 were the longest. Under the treatment of base fertilizer, the plant height of cotton Z1112 was the highest, and the dry matter accumulation was the most, but the nutrient was more consumed for nutrition growth, but less for reproduction growth. Under the treatment of no basal fertilizer, 55 kinds of dry matter accumulation was the least in Xinluzhong 55, so the base fertilizer should be applied to achieve high yield and efficiency. The yield and quality characters of Xinluzhong 22 were better than that of Xinluzhong 55, and there was no significant difference between the yield and quality characters of Xinluzhong 22 when the basal fertilizer was applied half amount, which could reduce the basal fertilizer and increase the fertilizer utilization rate.【Conclusion】Under the background of Alar Reclamation Area, the most economic benefit can be obtained by planting Xinluzhong 22.

Key words: basal fertilizer application amount; high yield and high efficiency; reduction of base fertilizer; economic benefit

中图分类号:

S562
S14

黄光伟, 汪志强, 陈国栋, 胡守林, 郭子轩, 毛廷勇, 李玲, 张伟, 支金虎, 姚永生, 翟云龙, 万素梅. 基肥减施对不同棉花品种生长发育、干物质积累分配及产量品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(6): 1018-1029.

Huang Guangwei, Wang Zhiqiang, Chen Guodong, Hu Shoulin, Guo Zixuan, Mao Tingyong, Liling, Zhangwei, Zhi Jinhu, Yao Yongsheng, Zhai Yunlong, Wan Sumei. Effects of Basal Fertilizer Reduction on Growth and Development, Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution, Yield and Quality of Different Cotton Varieties in Southern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(6): 1018-1029.

参考文献

[1] 黄岩. 吉林省西部玉米膜下滴灌氮肥减施增效技术研究[D]. 长春: 吉林农业大学, 2017.
HUANG Yan. Study on the technology of reducing nitrogen application and increasing efficiency of Maize under mulch drip irrigation in the west of Jilin Province [D]. Changchun: Jilin Agricultural University, 2017.
[2] 李鹏程, 董合林, 王润珍, 等. 不同早、中熟基因型棉花品种的干物质积累及养分吸收规律研究[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2012, (2): 23-26.
LI Pengcheng, DONG Helin, WANG Runzhen, et al. Study on dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption of different early and middle maturity cotton varieties [J]. Chinese Soil and Fertilizer, 2012, (2): 23-26.
[3] 姚银坤, 张炎, 胡伟, 等. 施磷对长绒棉干物质积累、分配比例和产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2008, (5): 36-40.
YAO Yinkun, ZHANG Yan, HU Wei, et al. Effect of phosphorus application on dry matter accumulation, distribution proportion and yield of long staple cotton [J]. Chinese Soil and Fertilizer, 2008, (5): 36-40.
[4] 刘学军, 巨晓棠, 张福锁. 减量施氮对冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系中氮利用与平衡的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(3): 458-462.
LIU Xuejun, JU Xiaotang, ZHANG Fushuo. The effect of reducing nitrogen application on nitrogen utilization and balance in winter wheat summer maize planting system [J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15 (3): 458-462.
[5] 王海鹏, 孙振荣, 袁宁, 等. 兰州市山旱地减量施肥对马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 蔬菜, 2019, (3): 29-31.
WANG Haipeng, SUN Zhenrong, YUAN Ning, et al. The effect of reduced fertilization on potato growth and yield in mountain dry land of Lanzhou city [J]. Vegetable, 2019, (3): 29-31.
[6] 邹慧芳, 李丽君, 刘平,等. 减水减肥条件下温室黄瓜产量、养分吸收情况[J]. 山西农业科学, 2019, 47(3): 393-397.
ZOU Huifang, LI Lijun, LIU Ping, et al. Cucumber yield and nutrient absorption in greenhouse under the condition of reducing water and weight [J]. Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 47 (3): 393-397.
[7] 柳东阳, 晁岳恩, 姜军, 等. 减少底肥施用量和农药施用次数对小麦条锈病、白粉病及产量的影响[J]. 河南农业大学学报, 2018, 52(3): 397-403.
LIU Dongyang, CHAO Yueen, JIANG Jun, et al. The effect of reducing the amount of base fertilizer and the times of pesticide application on wheat stripe rust, powdery mildew and yield [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2018,52 (3): 397-403.
[8] 谭京红, 张露萍, 吴启侠, 等. 基于不同肥源的棉花减氮施肥效果比较研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2019,188(1): 134-140.
TAN Jinghong, ZHANg Luping, WU Qixia, et al. Comparative study on nitrogen reduction and fertilization effect of cotton based on different fertilizer sources [J]. Crop Journal, 2019,188(1): 134-140.
[9] 刘婧琦, 谢甫绨, 敖雪,等. 磷对不同磷效率大豆品种光合生理和农艺性状的影响[J]. 大豆科学, 2009, 28(2): 217-220.
LIU Jingqi, XIE Fuchen, AO Xue, et al. Effects of phosphorus on photosynthetic physiology and agronomic characters of soybean varieties with different phosphorus efficiency [J]. Soybean Science, 2009, 28 (2): 217-220.
[10] 赵伟, 杨圆圆, 刘梦龙, 等. 减量施肥对越夏番茄产量、品质及土壤养分的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2018, 27(9): 1335-1342.
ZHAO Wei, YANG Yuanyuan, LIU Menglong, et al. Effect of reduced fertilization on tomato yield, quality and soil nutrients in summer [J]. Journal of Northwest Agriculture, 2018,27 (9): 1335-1342.
[11] 张允昔, 崔爱花, 夏绍南, 等. 棉田氮肥长期一致量施用对棉花农艺、经济性状的影响[J]. 江西农业学报, 2014, 26(4): 50-52.
ZHANG Yunxi, CUI Aihua, XIA shaonan, et al. Effects of long-term consistent application of nitrogen fertilizer on cotton agronomy and economic properties [J]. Journal of Jiangxi Agriculture, 2014, 26 (4): 50-52.
[12] 马宗斌, 严根土, 刘桂珍, 等. 氮肥分施比例对黄河滩地棉花叶片生理特性、干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5): 72-81.
MA Zongbin, YAN Gentu, LIU Guizhen, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application proportion on physiological characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton leaves in the yellow river beach [J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2013, 19(5): 72-81.
[13] 陈亮. 氮肥分次施用比例对棉花生长发育、干物质和氮素累积的影响[D]. 武汉:华中农业大学, 2012.
CHEN Liang. The effect of the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer applied in different times on the growth and development, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of cotton [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2012.
[14] 赵娜.钾肥对不同铃重棉花品种产量品质形成的影响及生理基础[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2018.
ZHAO Na. Effect of potassiumfertilizer on yield and quality formation of cotton varieties with different boll weight and physiological basis [D]. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2018.
[15] 张晓蕾.基肥不同氮钾肥水平对大棚番茄产量和品质的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学, 2010.
ZHANG Xiaolei. Effect of different levels of basic fertilizer on yield and quality of greenhouse tomato [D]Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2010.
[16] 马腾飞,李青军,张炎, 等. 控失尿素施用量及不同配比对棉花产量与氮肥利用的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(5): 35-42.
MA Tengfei, LI Qingjun, ZHANG Yan, et al. Effects of urea application rate and different proportion on cotton yield and nitrogen utilization [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55 (5): 35-42.
[17] 阿丽艳·肉孜, 郭仁松, 杜强, 等. 施氮量对枣棉间作棉花干物质积累、产量与品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(3): 761-767.
Aliyan Bozi, GUO Rensong, DU Qiang, et al. Effect of nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of cotton in jujube cotton intercropping [J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2014, 20(3): 761-767.

基肥减施对不同棉花品种生长发育、干物质积累分配及产量品质的影响

Effects of Basal Fertilizer Reduction on Growth and Development, Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution, Yield and Quality of Different Cotton Varieties in Southern Xinjiang

PDF下载

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	郝曦煜, 杨涛, 张俊杰, 李雪, 张仲鹃, 武晨清, 宗绪晓, 冷友斌, 陈博, 郭来春. 不同氮磷钾处理对鹰嘴豆产量、农艺性状及经济效益的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(3): 555-566.
[2]	曹琦, 毛廷勇, 汪志强, 万素梅, 陈国栋. 塔里木盆地西北缘不同种植模式棉田微环境及经济效益比较[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(12): 2921-2931.
[3]	张永强, 方辉, 范贵强, 陈传信,2, 陈兴武, 雷钧杰, 赛力汗·赛, 薛丽华. 一体化匀播技术对冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(3): 427-433.
[4]	何浩, 危常州, 李俊华, 张宇彤. 商品有机肥替代部分化肥对玉米生长、产量及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(2): 325-332.
[5]	丁新华;王娜;王小武;付开赟;吐尔逊·阿合买提;何江;杨健;付文君;郭文超. 小型无人机超低量喷雾防治玉米螟田间药效评价[J]. , 2017, 54(3): 479-488.
[6]	景鹏成;王树林;陈乙实;鲁为华;马春晖. 不同剂量连作障碍调控肥对土壤物理性质和制种玉米经济效益的影响[J]. , 2017, 54(2): 234-242.
[7]	丁新华;刘芳慧;解玉梅;李翠梅;何江;付开贇;吐尔逊;阿不都热合曼·胡吉;阿卜杜热伊木·阿卜杜热西提. 新疆荒漠绿洲生态区玉米螟田间药效研究及经济效益评价[J]. , 2016, 53(4): 663-672.
[8]	刘芳慧;丁新华;解玉梅;李翠梅;何江;付开贇;吐尔逊·阿合买提;阿不都热合曼·胡吉;阿卜杜热伊木·阿卜杜热西提. 不同施药期防治玉米螟田间药效研究及经济效益评价[J]. , 2016, 53(12): 2258-2264.
[9]	郑秋芬;陈彤;刘国勇. 南疆三地州粮棉果间作经济效益评价[J]. , 2015, 52(4): 759-766.
[10]	侯钰荣;李学森;任玉平;易华;朱昊;贠静;陈强. 新疆细毛羊饲养户家畜生产结构优化与经济效益分析[J]. , 2014, 51(3): 532-539.
[11]	何景雪;陈彤;刘国勇. 南疆三地州枣粮棉不同间作模式经济效益分析[J]. , 2014, 51(1): 183-189.
[12]	刘美华;王栋;席琳乔;马春晖. 南疆不同地区青贮玉米产量和品质的品比研究[J]. , 2013, 50(8): 1373-1380.
[13]	王荣栋;王新武;符林;赵斌;张伟. 关于滴灌小麦栽培的几个问题[J]. , 2010, 47(7): 1412-1415.
[14]	高杨;任志斌;段瑞萍;庄维民;黄建国;王荣栋. 春小麦滴灌节水高产高效栽培技术研究[J]. , 2010, 47(2): 281-284.
[15]	俞涛;宋锋惠;卓热木·塔西;史彦江. 枣麦间作系统小气候效应研究初报[J]. , 2009, 46(2): 338-345.