增密减氮对滴灌棉花干物质积累分配和产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 990-999.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.002

增密减氮对滴灌棉花干物质积累分配和产量的影响

李明华¹, 路茜¹, 崔静¹, 樊华¹, 赵文青², 刘扬¹, 马富裕¹

1.石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832003;
2.南京农业大学农学院, 南京 210095

收稿日期:2020-01-20 发布日期:2020-05-11
通信作者: 刘扬(1989-), 青海民和人, 讲师, 博士, 研究方向为作物营养与精准栽培, (E-mail) ly.0318@163.com;马富裕(1967-), 甘肃环县人, 教授, 博士, 硕士/博士生导师,研究方向为作物水肥一体化精准栽培, (E-mail) 1469633844@qq.com
作者简介:李明华 (1993-), 四川巴中人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向为作物栽培,(E-mail) 1574489668@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201900);国家自然科学基金-地区基金(31860346);兵团重大科技项目(2018AA00403);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCSX2018B09) ;石河子大学新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态重点实验室开放课题发展基金(201802)

Effects of Densification and Nitrogen Reduction on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Cotton

LI Minghua¹, LU Xi¹, CUI Jing¹, FAN Hua¹, ZHAO Wenqing², LIU Yang¹, MA Fuyu¹

1.Key laboratory for Oasis Eco-agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China;
2.School of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Received:2020-01-20 Published:2020-05-11
Correspondence author: Liu Yang (1989-), Hui Minority, Qinghai Minhe, Lecturer, Ph.D., Crop Nutrition and Precision Cultivation, (E-mail) ly.0318@163.com;Ma Fuyu (1967-), Han Majority, Huanxian County, Professor, Ph.D., Precision Cultivation of Water and Fertilizer Integration, (E-mail)1469633844@qq.com
Supported by:
Supported by the National Key R & D Program Project (2017YFD0201900); The National Natural Science Foundation of China—Regional Fund (31860346); The Major S & T Project (2018AA00403); High-level Talent Research Start-up Project of Shihezi University (RCSX2018B09); The Open Project of Key laboratory for Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (201802)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究种植密度和施氮量对棉花干物质积累与分配及产量等的影响。【方法】以鲁棉研24号为材料,设置6.9×10⁴ 、13.8×10⁴和24×10⁴/株hm²(D₁、D₂、D₃)3个种植密度,设195.5、299、402.5、和506 kg/hm²(N₁、N₂、N₃、N₄) 4个施氮量,研究增密减氮对棉花干物质积累、产量及其构成因素的影响。【结果】与D₁相比,D₂和D₃处理的植株总干物质在盛花期至盛铃前期平均分别提高了31%和36%,而D₃较D₂处理仅提高了6%,种植密度和氮素互作表现为,D₃N₁＞D₃N₄＞D₂N₂。D₃N₁处理下的群体干物质较大,D₂N₂处理群体干物质最大,最大值25 010 kg/hm²。在盛花期,D₃N₁处理主茎叶面积占比较高,而果枝叶面积占比却最低,到吐絮期主茎叶面积与果枝叶面积和叶枝叶面积的占比接近1∶1∶1。LAI随着生育进程的推进先逐渐增大,至盛铃后期达到最大,而后又逐渐下降,4种施氮水平下LAI,均有D₃>D₂>D₁。产量最高的是D₃N₁处理,D₃N₂处理也获得较高产量。【结论】增加种植密度减少施氮量后也能获得较高的产量,种植密度从常规的13.8×10⁴株/hm²增加到24×10⁴株/hm²,施氮量从常规的402.5 kg/hm²减少为195.5 kg/hm²,可增产2.7%。增密减氮后铃数显著增加是棉花获得高产的重要保证。

关键词: 棉花; 种植密度; 施氮量; 干物质; 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effects of planting density and nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation and distribution, and yield of cotton. 【Methods】 Lumianyan 24 was used to study the effects of planting density and nitrogen application on cotton growth under three different planting densities (D₁ 69,000, D₂ 138,000 and D₃ 240,000 hm²) and four different nitrogen treatments (195.5, 299, 402.5, 506 kg·hm²(N₁、N₂、N₃、N₄).【Results】 The results showed that, compared with D₁, the total dry matter of plants treated by D₂ and D₃ increased by 31% and 36% on average from flowering stage to early boll stage, respectively; While D₃ only increased by 6% compared with D₂ treatment. The results of plant density and nitrogen application interaction showed that D₃N₁ obtained the highest dry matter, followed by D₃N₄ and D₂N₂ treatments. According to regression equation, the population dry matter under D₃N₁ treatment was larger, while the population dry matter under D₂N₂ treatment was the largest with a maximum value of 25,010 kg/hm². In the full flowering period, the proportion of main stems and leaves in D₃N₁ treatment was relatively high, but the proportion of fruit branches and leaves was the lowest. In boll-opening stage, the proportion among main stems leaves area, fruit branches leaves area and leaves branches leaves area was close to 1∶1∶ 1. The LAI under any nitrogen treatments was D₃> D₂> D₁, and the LAI under medium and high density treatment was significantly larger than that under low density. Yield component factor analysis showed that the highest yield was D₃N₁ treatment, and D₃N₂ treatment also achieved higher yields. 【Conclusion】 Higher yield can also be obtained after increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen application. The planting density has increased from the conventional 138,000 plants/hm² to 240,000 plants/hm², and the nitrogen application rate has decreased from the conventional 402.5 kg/hm² to 195.5 kg/hm², the yield increased by 2.7%. The significant increase in boll numbers after densification and nitrogen reduction is an important guarantee for high yield of cotton.

Key words: cotton; planting density; nitrogen application rate; dry matter; yield

中图分类号:

S562
S14

李明华, 路茜, 崔静, 樊华, 赵文青, 刘扬, 马富裕. 增密减氮对滴灌棉花干物质积累分配和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(6): 990-999.

LI Minghua, LU Xi, CUI Jing, FAN Hua, ZHAO Wenqing, LIU Yang, MA Fuyu. Effects of Densification and Nitrogen Reduction on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(6): 990-999.

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增密减氮对滴灌棉花干物质积累分配和产量的影响

Effects of Densification and Nitrogen Reduction on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Cotton

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