基肥减施对不同棉花品种养分吸收差异及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (12): 2169-2179.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.002

• 作物遗传育种与栽培·种质资源·分子生物学 • 上一篇下一篇

基肥减施对不同棉花品种养分吸收差异及产量的影响

汪志强¹, 张勇², 刘晓红³, 胡守林¹, 陈国栋¹, 李亚兵⁴, 王飞¹, 陈威¹, 李玲¹, 万素梅¹

1.塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300;
2.喀什农技推广中心,新疆喀什 844000;
3.新疆前海种业有限责任公司,新疆图木舒克 8439002;
4.中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳 455000

收稿日期:2019-09-30 出版日期:2019-12-20 发布日期:2019-12-27
通信作者: 万素梅(1968-),女,河南人,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为旱区农业资源管理及高效农作制度,(E-mail)wansumei510@163.com
作者简介:汪志强(1994-),男,四川射洪人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业可持续发展,(E-mail) 643673397@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101600);国家自然科学基金(31660410);兵团重大科技项目(2016AA001);第三师棉花产业提质增效新品种筛选决策(2018BB008)

Effects of Different Base Fertilizers on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Different Cotton Varieties in Arid Area

WANG Zhi-qiang¹, ZHANG Yong², LIU Xiao-hong³, HU Shou-lin¹, CHEN Guo-dong¹, LI Ya-bing⁴, WANG Fei¹, GHEN Wei¹, LI Ling¹, WAN Su-mei¹

1.College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China;
2.Kashgar Agricultural Technology ExtensionCenter, Kashi Xinjiang 844000, China;
3.Xinjiang Qianhai Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Tumushuk Xinjiang 8439002, China;
4.Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang Henan 455000, China

Received:2019-09-30 Online:2019-12-20 Published:2019-12-27
Correspondence author: WAN Su-mei(1968 - ), female, nativeplace:Henan,China.Doctor,professor,researchfield:Agricultural resource management and efficient farming system in arid regions, (E-mail) wansumei510@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同棉花品种在新疆塔里木棉区的养分积累量及产量特性。【方法】设置3种基肥用量,采用两因素裂区试验设计,比较6个棉花品种在3种基肥设置下养分积累差异及产量影响。【结果】6个棉花品种中新陆中55号品种的氮素利用率最高(36.11%),具有较高的氮素吸收能力。新陆中22号、新陆中55号、锦棉Z1112品种的磷积累量显著高于新陆中82号、新陆早74号、新陆早77号品种,磷肥利用效率表现为新陆早77号＞新陆中22号＞新陆中82号＞新陆中55号＞锦棉Z1112＞新陆早74号。新陆中22号、新陆中55号、新陆中82号、锦棉Z1112、新陆早77号品种的钾含量显著高于新陆早74号品种,钾肥利用效率表现为新陆中55号和新陆中82号较高,新陆中22号品种最低,新陆中55号和新陆中82号品种具有较高的钾素吸收能力;锦棉Z1112、新陆早77号品种的单株铃数显著高于新陆中22号、新陆中55号品种,新陆中22号品种的单铃重显著高于其他5个品种。新陆中22号、锦棉Z1112品种的衣分要显著高于新陆中55号、新陆中82号、新陆早77号品种,新陆早74号品种籽棉产量和皮棉产量均显著低于其他品种。【结论】不施基肥处理棉花株养分吸收积累量少、产量偏低。基肥全施处理下产量最高,基肥半施处理下,基肥施用量减少50%,棉花平均产量减少9%,其中新陆中22号品种和新陆中55号品种的减产最少,为5%和1%。

关键词: 棉花; 基肥; 减施(补膜); 养分; 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 In this study, three kinds of base fertilizers were set up to compare the nutrient accumulation and yield characteristics of different cotton varieties in the Tarim area of Xinjiang.【Methods】Two-factor split-zone test design was adopted to compare the nutrient accumulation differences and yield effects of six cotton varieties under three basic fertilizer settings.【Results】The results showed that the Xinluzhong55 varietyof the six cotton cultivars had the highest nitrogen utilization rate (36.11%) with high nitrogen uptake capacity. The phosphorus accumulations of Xinluzhong22, Xinluzhong55 and JinmianZ1112 varieties were significantly higher than thoseof Xinluzhong82, Xinluzao74 and Xinluzao77 varieties. The utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer was Xinluzao77>Xinluzhong22>Xinluzhong82>Xinluzhong55>JinmianZ1112>Xinluzao74. The potassium contents of Xinluzhong22, Xinluzhong55, Xinluzhong82, JinmianZ1112 and Xinluzao77 varieties weresignificantly higher than that of Xinluzao74 varieties. The utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer was higher than thoseof Xinluzhong55 and Xinluzhong82, the lowest one was Xinluzhong22 variety, and Xinluzhong55 and Xinluzhong82 varieties had higher potassium absorption capacity; The numbers of bolls per plant of JinmianZ1112 and Xinluzao77 6 weresignificantly higher than thoseof Xinluzhong22 and Xinluzhong55, and the single boll weight of Xinluzhong22 was significantly higher than that of the other five varieties. The clothing scores of Xinluzhong22 and JinmianZ1112 varieties were significantly higher than those of Xinluzhong55, Xinluzhong82 and Xinluzao77 varieties. The seed cotton yield and lint yield of Xinluzao74 varietywere significantly lower than those other varieties.【Conclusion】Under the current planting conditions, the nutrient absorption and accumulation of cotton plants without the application of base fertilizer was low and the yield was low. Under the total application of base fertilizer, the yield was the highest. Under the semi-application of base fertilizer, the application rate of base fertilizer was reduced by 50%, and the average yield of cotton was reduced by 9%. Among them, Xinluzhong22 and Xinluzhong55 varieties had the least yield reduction, 5% and 1%, respectively.

Key words: cotton; base fertilizers; spread fertilizer; nutrient; yield

中图分类号:

S562

汪志强, 张勇, 刘晓红, 胡守林, 陈国栋, 李亚兵, 王飞, 陈威, 李玲, 万素梅. 基肥减施对不同棉花品种养分吸收差异及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(12): 2169-2179.

WANG Zhi-qiang, ZHANG Yong, LIU Xiao-hong, HU Shou-lin, CHEN Guo-dong, LI Ya-bing, WANG Fei, GHEN Wei, LI Ling, WAN Su-mei. Effects of Different Base Fertilizers on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Different Cotton Varieties in Arid Area[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(12): 2169-2179.

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基肥减施对不同棉花品种养分吸收差异及产量的影响

Effects of Different Base Fertilizers on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Different Cotton Varieties in Arid Area

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