果粮间作模式下果树遮阴程度对小麦籽粒产量和主要营养指标的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究果粮间作模式下,果树遮阴程度对间作冬小麦籽粒产量和营养品质的影响,为新疆南疆果粮间作模式的选择和优化提供理论依据。【方法】以扁桃-冬小麦(新冬20号)间作模式为研究对象,设置轻度遮阴(日平均光照强度为自然光强度的75%)和重度遮阴(日平均光照强度为自然光强度的30%)2个处理,以大田条件为对照。分别测定不同处理条件下冬小麦籽粒产量构成指标、淀粉含量及组分、蛋白质含量及组分及氨基酸组分和含量。【结果】轻度遮阴条件下间作冬小麦单位面积有效穗数和单位面积产量均显著提高;总淀粉含量、直链淀粉/支链淀粉均升高;谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白、氨基酸含量降低。重度遮阴条件下单位面积产量及产量构成指标均显著降低,淀粉相对含量及直链淀粉/支链淀粉对对照无显著差异;醇溶蛋白含量显著升高,氨基酸评分提高。【结论】果粮间作模式下,果树树阴移动营造的轻度遮阴条件有利于冬小麦籽粒产量的形成,籽粒淀粉品质提高;重度遮阴条件下籽粒产量大幅降低,籽粒蛋白质相对含量提高,蛋白质和氨基酸品质有所改善。

关键词: 小麦; 间作; 营养品质; 遮阴

Abstract: 【Objective】 In this project, the effects of shading degree of fruit trees on grain yield and nutritional quality of intercropping winter wheat under fruit-grain intercropping mode were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for the selection and optimization of fruit-grain intercropping mode in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】 Almond and winter wheat (Xindong 20) intercropping system was used as research materials, two treatments were set up: light shading (the average daily light intensity was 75% of the natural light intensity) and severe shading (the average daily light intensity was 30% of the natural light intensity), and field conditions were used as control. The components of winter wheat grain yield, starch content and components, protein content and components and amino acid components under different treatment conditions were determined. 【Result】 The results showed that the effective spike and grain yield per unit area of intercropping winter wheat were significantly increased under light shading condition. The total starch content and amylose/amylopectin were increased. The content of gluten/alcohol soluble protein and amino acid decreased. The grain yield per unit area and yield components were significantly decreased under severe shading condition and the relative content of starch and amylose/amylopectin were not significantly different from those of the control group. The content of alcohol soluble protein was significantly increased, and the amino acid score was improved. In the fruit-grain intercropping mode, the light shading conditions created by the shade movement of fruit trees were beneficial to the formation of winter wheat grain yield and the improvement of grain starch quality. 【Conclusion】 Under the intercropping mode of fruit and grain, the light shading condition created by shade movement of fruit trees was beneficial to the formation of grain yield and the improvement of grain starch quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Under the condition of severe shading, grain yield decreased significantly, but the relative content of grain protein increased, and the quality of protein and amino acid improved.

Key words: wheat; intercropping system; nutritional quality; shade

中图分类号:

谢辉, 张雯, 张宏芝, 王敏, 韩守安, 钟海霞, 唐如锴. 果粮间作模式下果树遮阴程度对小麦籽粒产量和主要营养指标的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(10): 1806-1814.

XIE Hui, ZHANG Wen, ZHANG Hong-zhi, WANG Min, HAN Shou-an, ZHONG Hai-xia, TANG Ru-kai. Effects of Shade Degree of Fruit Trees on Grain Yield and Major Nutrient Factors of Wheat under Intercropping Mode[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(10): 1806-1814.

参考文献

[1] 包宛鑫. 杏与粮棉间作系统内的光分布特征研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2011.   BAO Wan-xin. Study on light distribution characteristics of apricot and grain and cotton intercropping system [D].Master Dissertation. Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi,2011.
[2] 乔旭,赵奇,雷钧杰,等. 核桃-小麦间作对小麦生长发育及产量形成的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2012,32(4):734-738.   QIAO Xu, ZHAO Qi, LEI Jun-jie, et al. Effects of walnut-wheat intercropping on wheat growth and yield formation [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops,2012,32(4):734-738.
[3] 张雯, 谢辉, 张平,等. 扁桃-冬小麦间作模式下树冠结构对间作区域光环境的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2016, 24(6):753-761.   ZHANG Wen, XIE Hui, ZHANG Ping, et al. Effect of crown structure on light environment of intercropping area under winter wheat intercropping model [J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 24(6):753-761.
[4] 何静雯, 明萌, 卢丹, 等. 弱光胁迫对植物生理特性影响的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018,34(6): 123-130.   HE Jing-wen, MING Meng, LU Dan, et al. Advances in studies on the effects of low light stress on plant physiological characteristics [J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2018,34(6): 123-130.
[5] 张永强, 方辉, 范贵强, 等. 遮阴和种植密度对南疆滴灌冬小麦旗叶生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2018, 38 (11):94-100.   ZHANG Yong-qiang, FANG Hui, FAN Gui-qiang, et al. Effects of shade and planting density on flag leaf physiological characteristics and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2018, 38 (11):94-100.
[6] 郭翠花, 高志强, 苗果园. 花后遮阴对小麦旗叶光合特性及籽粒产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(4):673-679.   GUO Cui-hua, GAO Zhi-qiang, MIAO Guo-yuan. Effects of shading after anthesis on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield and quality of flag leaves in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) [J]. Crops, 2010, 36(4):673-679.
[7] 宋韵琳, 蔡剑. 小麦籽粒淀粉理化特性与品质关系及其生理机制研究进展[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2018, 38(11):80-93.   SONG Yun-lin, CAI Jian. Advances in studies on the relationship between physical and chemical properties and quality of wheat kernel starch and its physiological mechanism [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops,2018, 38(11):80-93.
[8] 金玉红,张开利,张兴春,等.双波长法测定小麦及小麦芽中直链、支链淀粉含量[J].中国粮油学报,2009, 24(1): 137-140.;JIN Yu-hong, ZHANG Kai-li, ZHANG Xing-chun, et al. Determination of amylose and amylopectin in wheat and wheat bud by double wavelength method [J]. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 2009, 24(1): 137-140.
[9] 山东农业大学种子教研室.作物种子实验技术[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1990:137-141.   Editor of the Seed Teaching and Research Department of Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Agricultural University. Experimental techniques of crop seeds [M]. Zhengzhou: Henan Science and Technology Publishing House, 1990:137-141.
[10] 何照范.粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术[M].北京:农业出版社.1985:63-78.   HE Zhao-fan. Grain quality of grain and oil and its analysis technology [M]. Beijing: Agricultural Publishing House. 1985:63-78.
[11] Consultation, J. W. E. Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. World Health Organization Technical Report , 2007,(935):1.
[12]徐彩龙. 花后弱光对小麦产量形成的影响及其生理基础[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学, 2013.   XU Cai-long. Effects of low light intensity after anthesis on yield formation and physiological basis of wheat [D]. Master Dissertation. Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an,2013.
[13]刘希伟, 张敏, 姚凤娟, 等. 花后不同强度遮光对糯小麦和非糯小麦干物质积累和产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 35(4): 521-527.   LIU Xi-wei, ZHANG Min, YAO Feng-juan, et al. Effect of different intensity shading after anthesis on dry matter accumulation and yield of waxy wheat and non-waxy wheat [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2016, 35(4): 521-527.
[14]牟会荣, 姜东, 戴廷波,等. 遮光对小麦籽粒淀粉品质和花前贮存非结构碳水化合物转运的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(4):805-810.   MU Hui-rong, JIANG Dong, DAI Ting-bo, et al. Effects of shading on starch quality and transport of unstructured carbohydrates in pre-anthesis storage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) [J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2009, 20(4):805-810.
[15]杨俊华,唐李军,陈以相,等.弱光对小麦产量性状及品质特性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2019,32(2):291-295.   YANG Jun-hua, TANG Li-jun, CHEN Yi-xiang, et al. Effects of weak light on yield and quality characteristics of wheat [J]. Journal of Southwest Agriculture,2019, 32(2):291-295.
[16]Evans, L. T. Crop evolution, adaptation and yield. Photosynthetica,1998, 34(1):56.
[17]付颖,沈轶男,刘艳春,等.不同春谷品种支链淀粉含量与营养品质指标及农艺性状的相关性分析[J].作物杂志,2019,(2):90-93.   FU Ying, SHEN Yi-nan, LIU Yan-chun, et al. Correlation Analysis of amylopectin content, nutritional quality Indexes and agronomic characters in different Spring Valley varieties [J]. Crops,2019, (2):90-93.
[18]刘建军, 何中虎, 杨金,等. 小麦品种淀粉特性变异及其与面条品质关系的研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36(1):7-12.   LIU Jian-jun, HE Zhong-hu, YANG Jin, et al. Studies on the variation of starch characteristics and its relationship with Noodle quality in Wheat varieties [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2003, 36(1):7-12.
[19]蔡瑞国, 尹燕枰, 张敏, 等. 氮素水平对藁城8901和山农1391籽粒品质的调控效应[J]. 作物学报, 2007, 33(2):304-310.   CAI Rui-guo, YIN Yan-ping, ZHANG Min, et al. Effect of nitrogen level on grain quality of Gaocheng 8901 and Shannong 1391 [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2007, 33(2):304-310.
[20]张艳. 不同品质类型小麦品种品质形成的特点及其对光照的反应[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学, 2003.   ZHANG Yan. Characteristics of quality formation and its response to Light in different quality types of Wheat [D]. Master Dissertation. Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an,2003.
[21]李文阳, 闫素辉, 尹燕枰, 等. 小麦花后弱光引起籽粒淀粉的粒度分布及组分含量的变化[J]. 生态学报, 2015,(1):298-306.   LI Wen-yang, YAN Su-hui, YIN Yan-ping, et al. Changes of grain size distribution and component content of grain starch induced by weak light after anthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) [J]. Journal of Ecology, 2015,(1): 298-306.
[23] 牟会荣, 姜东, 戴廷波, 等. 遮光对小麦植株氮素转运及品质的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(7):1 718-1 724.   MU Hui-rong, JIANG Dong, DAI Ting-bo, et al. Effects of shading on nitrogen transport and quality of wheat plants [J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010,21(7): 1,718-1,724.
[24] 李永庚, 于振文, 梁晓芳,等. 小麦产量和品质对灌浆期不同阶段低光照强度的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(5):807-813.   LI Yong-geng, YU Zhen-wen, LIANG Xiao-fang, et al. Response of Wheat yield and quality to low Light intensity at different stages of Grain filling stage [J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005,29(5):807-813.
[25] Demotes-Mainard, S. , & Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy. Effects of nitrogen and radiation on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in the spike of winter wheat. Field Crops Research, 2004,87(2-3).
[26] Farrell, A. D. , & Kettlewell, P. S.The relationship between grain weight and alpha-amylase in winter wheat: varietal comparison from UK field experiments. Euphytica, 2009,168(3):395-402.
[27]陈二影. 花后弱光对小麦产量和蛋白质品质的影响及氮素调控研究[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学硕士论文,2012.   CHEN Er-ying. Effects of Post-anthesis weak Light on yield and protein quality of Wheat and nitrogen Regulation [D]. Master Dissertation. Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an,2012.
[28]张吉旺. 光温胁迫对玉米产量和品质及其生理特性的影响[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学硕士论文, 2005.   ZHANG Ji-wang. Effects of light and temperature stress on yield, quality and physiological characteristics of maize [D]. Master Dissertation. Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an,2005.