减量灌溉下不同施氮量对南疆机采棉田干物质积累及产量影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.005

新疆农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (8): 1408-1417.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.005

• 作物遗传育种·物质资源·分子生物学 • 上一篇下一篇

减量灌溉下不同施氮量对南疆机采棉田干物质积累及产量影响

林涛¹, 吴凤全², 陈春帆², 尔晨², 陈利军², 汤秋香²

1.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091;
2. 新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2019-08-05 出版日期:2019-08-20 发布日期:2019-10-10
通信作者: 汤秋香,教授,博士,(E-mail)790058828@qq.com
作者简介:林涛( 1981－) ,男,新疆玛纳斯人,副研究员,博士,研究方向为农田生态环境,(E-mail)27427732@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目(2017E0251);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2018D01A51);南京农业大学新疆农业大学联合基金(KYYJ201802);自治区农业科技推广与服务项目(2019年);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2016B01001-2-1);国家重点研发项目(2017YFD0201903);农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-201602);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才人才培养项目,新疆维吾尔自治区基层农牧骨干人才培养项目

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on the Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of the Machine-picked Cotton Field in Southern Xinjiang

LIN Tao¹, WU Feng-quan², CHEN Chun-fan², ER Chen², CHEN Li-jun², TANG Qiu-xiang²

1.Research Institute of Economical Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Uruqmi 830091, China;
2. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Uruqmi 830052, China

Received:2019-08-05 Online:2019-08-20 Published:2019-10-10
Correspondence author: TANG Qiu-xing, female professor,(E-mail)790058828@qq.com
Supported by:
Supported by the Science and Technology Supporting Xinjiang Project (2017E0251); The Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China(2018D01A51); Joint Foundation Project of Xinjiang Agricultural University and Nanjing Agricultural University (KYYJ201802); Science and Technology Extension and Service Project of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China (2019); The National Key R & D Project (2017YFD0201903); The Open Project of Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation of Desert Oasis of the Ministry of Agriculture. (25107020-201602); Tianshan Mountain Talent Training Project of Xinjiang and Key Personnel Training Project of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry at the Grass-roots Level

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究新疆南疆机采棉地区在适宜的水氮供应下,棉花干物质动态积累、产量及水肥利用状况。【方法】在南疆阿克苏地区机采棉田,设置不同灌溉量(2 250 、3 450、4 650 m³/hm²)和施氮量(0、300、600 kg/hm²)2个因子,分析不同处理的棉花生长状况、干物质积累及水肥生产效率。【结果】增加施氮量有利于棉花开花结铃,在干物质积累及花后贡献率上,灌溉量和施氮量二者其中一个因素过高或者过低均会影响棉花干物质快速积累及花后干物质的贡献率,灌溉量3 450 m³/hm²和施氮量为300 kg/hm²时干物质积累速率的加快,花后干物质的贡献率较大,有利于干物质的快速积累;在棉花产量和水肥利用效率上,随着灌溉量增加籽棉产量也随着增加,当灌溉量由3 450增加到4 650 m³/hm²时,籽棉产量的增加幅度减小,在灌溉量3 450 m³/hm²下,随着施氮量的增加棉花产量呈现先升后降的趋势,当施氮量为N2时,棉花产量最大为7 153.08 kg/hm²。【结论】在不同灌溉量下,随着施氮量增加有利于棉花干物质积累、产量及水肥利用效率提高。但随着灌溉量增加施氮量的正效应将会减少。南疆机采棉田在3 450 m³/hm²灌溉量下,施肥量(纯N)为300 kg/hm²时,能够有效的提高棉花产量及水肥利用效率。

关键词: 机采棉; 灌溉量; 施氮; 干物质积累; 氮肥生产效率

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effects of dry matter accumulation, yield and water and fertilizer utilization on cotton under the suitable supply of water and nitrogen in machine-picked cotton area of southern Xinjiang. 【Method】 In this experiment, two factors: different irrigation quantities (2,250, 3,450 and 4,650 m³/hm²) and different N application rates (0, 300, 600 kg/hm²) were set in the machine-picked cotton field in Aksu area of southern Xinjiang to analyze the growth in different treatments, the accumulation of dry matter and the water and fertilizer production efficiency 【Result】The results showed that increasing N application rate promotes flowering boll of cotton, in that dry matter accumulation and post-flower contribution rate, both the irrigation amount and the nitrogen application rate, one of which was too high or too low, could affect the rapid accumulation of the dry matter of the cotton and the contribution rate of the dry matter after flowering. The rate of dry matter accumulation was accelerated at the amount 3,450 m³/hm² and N application rate of 300 kg/hm², which was conducive to the rapid dry matter accumulation; Cotton yield and water use efficiency also increased with the increase of irrigation amount, and when the irrigation quantity increased from 3,450 m³/hm² to 4,650 m³/hm², the increase of seed cotton yield reduced. When the irrigation quantity was 3,450 m³/hm², with the increase of N application rate, the cotton yield would increase at first and then dropped later. When N application was N2, the maximum cotton yield was 7,153.08 kg/hm². 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, cotton dry matter accumulation, yield and water use efficiency increased with the increase of N application rate under the different irrigation quantities, but the impact of N application rate would be reduced with the increase of irrigation water, therefore, the 3,450 m³/hm² irrigation quantity, fertilization rate (pure N) for 300 kg/hm² could effectively improve the cotton yield and water use efficiency in southern Xinjiang machine-picked cotton field.

Key words: machine-picked cotton; irrigation amount; nitrogen; accumulation of dry matter; nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency

中图分类号:

S562

林涛, 吴凤全, 陈春帆, 尔晨, 陈利军, 汤秋香. 减量灌溉下不同施氮量对南疆机采棉田干物质积累及产量影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(8): 1408-1417.

LIN Tao, WU Feng-quan, CHEN Chun-fan, ER Chen, CHEN Li-jun, TANG Qiu-xiang. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on the Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of the Machine-picked Cotton Field in Southern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(8): 1408-1417.

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减量灌溉下不同施氮量对南疆机采棉田干物质积累及产量影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on the Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of the Machine-picked Cotton Field in Southern Xinjiang

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