灰枣主干形和小冠疏层形产量及品质对比分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.007

新疆农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 1041-1051.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.007

• 园艺·林业·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

灰枣主干形和小冠疏层形产量及品质对比分析

王文军¹, 林敏娟^{1, 2}, 王振磊^{1, 2}

1.塔里木大学植物科学学院/南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室/新疆生产建设兵团南疆特色果树生产工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300;
2.新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护与利用重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300

出版日期:2019-06-20 发布日期:2019-08-08
通信作者: 王振磊(1977-),男,河北人,讲师,研究方向为果树栽培生理,(E-mail)wzljwc@163
作者简介:王文军(1992-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为果树栽培生理与生态,(E-mail)835024432@qq.com
基金资助:
兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划项目(2018CB032)

Investigation on Yield and Quality of Trunk Shape and Small Crown Sparse Layer of Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)

WANG Wen-jun¹, LIN Min-juan^{1, 2}, WANG Zhen-lei^{1, 2}

1. National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and High QualityCultivation and Deep Processing Technology for Featured Fruit Trees in SouthernXinjiang, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Southern Xinjiang Featured FruitTree Production Engineering Laboratory / College of Plant Sciences, Tarim University,Aral Xinjiang 843300, China;
2. Key Laboratory Biological Resources Protection and Utilization inTarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University,Aral Xinjiang,843300, China

Online:2019-06-20 Published:2019-08-08
Correspondence author: Wang Zhen-lei (1977-), male, native place: Hebei, lecturer, research field:fruit tree cultivation physiology,(E-mail) wzljwc@ 163.com
Supported by:
Supported by Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents Program Project of XPCC (2018CB032)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究灰枣简约化主干形与常规小冠疏层形树形的对比,分析主干形简约化栽培模式的示范推广,为机械化生产和统一标准化栽培模式奠定理论基础。【方法】采用计数统计法,从2017年起连续两年分别对5～6年生两种灰枣树形的产量构成因子进行调查分析,果实品质的测定采用常规检测。【结果】产量构成方面:主干形树形的枝组数、二次枝数以及二次枝枣吊数和枣果数均极显著低于小冠疏层形树形,且单株产量主干形4.71 kg/株显著低于小冠疏层形5.74 kg/株。灰枣小冠疏层形树冠上、中、下3个层次的果实单果重、果肉厚度和果实硬度值均小于主干形树形,且树冠层次越高,其该位置的果实性状表现越优良,主干形果形指数为1.45、小冠疏层形为1.54;两种树形的单果重、果核重、果实纵横径、果核纵横径、果肉厚度以及果实硬度值均以枣吊中部最大,枣吊基部次之,枣吊尾部值最小,且枣吊不同部位间主干形果实性状较优于小冠疏层形。主干形树形不同层次间果实可溶性糖、还原糖、VC及可溶性固形物含量均高于小冠疏层形;果实可溶性糖、还原糖、可溶性固形物含量表现为枣吊中部>枣吊基部>枣吊尾部,而VC含量表现为枣吊中部>枣吊尾部>枣吊基部,可滴定酸含量表现为枣吊基部>枣吊中部>枣吊尾部,且枣吊不同部位间的果实营养品质均以主干形较优。两种树形的果实还原糖和可滴定酸含量均表现为干枣>吊干枣>鲜枣,VC含量表现为鲜枣>吊干枣>干枣。【结论】灰枣小冠疏层形树冠枝量较大,产量较高,但其果实品质较差,而简约化‘主干形’树形树冠结构简单,枝量较少,便于机械化操作,且果实品质较优,商品性较好,具有示范推广价值。

关键词: 灰枣; 主干形; 产量构成; 果实品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the demonstration and popularization of the simplified cultivation mode of "trunk shape" by comparing the simplified "trunk shape" of grey jujube with the conventional small-crown sparse-layer tree shape in the local area in the hope of laying a theoretical foundation for mechanized production and unified standardized cultivation mode.【Method】 The yield components of 5-6 years old grey jujube trees were investigated and analyzed by counting and statistics method for two consecutive years from 2017, and the quality of fruit was determined by routine methods.【Result】 In terms of yield components: The number of branch groups, secondary branches, jujube suspensions and jujube fruits in trunk-shaped tree were significantly lower than those in small-crown sparse-layer tree, and the yield of trunk-shaped tree was 4.71 kg/plant significantly lower than that in small-crown sparse-layer tree, and 5.74 kg/plant was significantly lower than that in small-crown sparse-layer tree. In terms of fruit traits: single fruit weight, pulp thickness and fruit firmness of upper, middle and lower layers of small crown sparse canopy of grey jujube were lower than that of trunk-shaped tree, and the higher the crown level, the better the fruit traits of this position, the trunk-shaped fruit shape index was 1.45, the small crown sparse layer shape was 1.54; single fruit weight, stone weight, fruit longitudinal and transverse diameter, fruit stone vertical and transverse diameter of two tree-shaped trees. The pulp thickness and fruit firmness of jujube suspension were the largest in the middle part, followed by the base part and the tail part, and the trunk-shaped fruit characters between different parts of jujube suspension were better than those of small crown and sparse layer. The contents of soluble sugar, reducing sugar, vitamin C and soluble solids in different layers of trunk tree were higher than those in small crown and sparse layer. The contents of soluble sugar, reducing sugar and soluble solids in fruit were in the middle of jujube hanging > the base of jujube hanging > the tail of jube hanging, while the content of vitamin C was in the middle of jube hanging > the tail of jube hanging > the base of jube hanging, and acid content could be titrated. The results showed that the base of jujube suspension > the middle of jujube suspension > the tail of jujube suspension, and the nutritional quality of the fruits between different parts of jujube suspension was better in trunk shape. In terms of fruit harvesting period, the contents of reducing sugar and titratable acid in both tree-shaped fruits were dry jujube > hang-dried jujube > fresh jujube, while the contents of vitamin C were fresh jujube > hang-dried jujube > dry jujujube.【Conclusion】 The small crown sparse layered tree crown of Chinese jujube has a large number of branches and a high yield, but its fruit quality is poor, while the simplified `trunk' tree crown has simple structure, less branches, and is convenient for mechanized operation, and the fruit quality is better with better commodity value, so it has the potential value of demonstration and popularization.

Key words: jujuba; trunk shape; yield components; fruit quality

中图分类号:

S665.1

王文军, 林敏娟, 王振磊. 灰枣主干形和小冠疏层形产量及品质对比分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(6): 1041-1051.

WANG Wen-jun, LIN Min-juan, WANG Zhen-lei. Investigation on Yield and Quality of Trunk Shape and Small Crown Sparse Layer of Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(6): 1041-1051.

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灰枣主干形和小冠疏层形产量及品质对比分析

Investigation on Yield and Quality of Trunk Shape and Small Crown Sparse Layer of Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)

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