冬小麦施氮水平对后茬大豆光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究前茬作物对后茬大豆光合特性及产量的影响。【方法】设置前茬冬小麦不施氮(N₀)、225 (N₁)、375(N₂)、525 kg/hm²(N₃)和全年不施氮(CK) 5个处理,分析前茬冬小麦不同施氮量对后茬大豆叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)、光合生理各指标及产量的影响。【结果】前茬麦季不同施氮水平对后茬大豆光合特性及产量具有后效作用。全年不施氮处理夏大豆SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)均为最低,胞间CO₂(Ci)最高,且与其他各处理差异显著(P＜0.05);随前茬麦季施氮量的增加,夏大豆SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)在整个生育期内均呈不断先增后降的趋势,均以N₂处理最高,同时胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)最低,且夏大豆产量也最高,达到3 164.64 kg/hm²,麦季施氮过低或过高均不利于夏大豆产量的增加。【结论】前茬麦季施氮量为375 kg/hm²时,大豆季施以一定的氮肥,夏大豆叶片光合能力最强和产量最高。

关键词: 夏大豆; 施氮水平; 光合特性; 产量; 氮肥后效

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this project is to study the effect of previous crop on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of succeeding soybean crop.【Method】 There were 5 treatments 0(N₀), 225(N₁), 375 (N₂), 525 kg/hm² (N₃) of winter wheat, and no nitrogen application (CK) throughout the year. The effects of different nitrogen application rates on the chlorophyll content (SPAD), photosynthetic physiology and yield of post-wheat soybean leaves were studied.【Result】 The results showed that the different nitrogen application levels in the previous wheat season had an aftereffect on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of the succeeding soybean crop. The summer soybean SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were the lowest, and the intercellular CO₂ (Ci) was the highest, which was significantly different from other treatments (P<0.05); with the increase of nitrogen application rate in the previous wheat season, the summer soybean SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) increased continuously throughout the growth period. The trend of post-falling was the highest with N₂ treatment, while the intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) was the lowest, and the summer soybean yield was also the highest, reaching 3,164.64 kg/hm². Too low or too high nitrogen application in wheat season was not conducive to the increase of summer soybean yield. 【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this experiment, the nitrogen application rate of the previous wheat season was 375 kg/hm², and a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the soybean season, and the photosynthetic capacity of the summer soybean leaves was the highest, so was the yield.

Key words: summer soybean; nitrogen application level; photosynthetic characteristics; yield; N residual effect

中图分类号:

S572

房彦飞, 符小文, 徐文修, 张永杰, 安崇霄, 杜孝敬, 张娜, 厍润祥. 冬小麦施氮水平对后茬大豆光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(6): 1003-1011.

FANG Yan-fei, FU Xiao-wen, XU Wen-xiu, ZHANG Yong-jie, AN Chong-xiao, DU Xiao-jing, ZHANG Na, SHE Run-xiang. Effects of Nitrogen Application Levels of Winter Wheat on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Succeeding Soybean Crops[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(6): 1003-1011.

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