水肥运筹对滴灌冬小麦干物质积累和产量调控效应研究

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 618-626.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.004

水肥运筹对滴灌冬小麦干物质积累和产量调控效应研究

崔月¹,张宏芝²,赵奇²,刘建鹤³

1. 新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052;
2. 新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091;
3. 新疆润之农业发展有限公司,新疆奇台 831800

收稿日期:2018-03-19 出版日期:2018-04-20 发布日期:2018-07-18
通信作者: 赵奇(1962-),男,天津人,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物高产栽培,(E-mail)zhaoqi@163.Xaas.ac.cn
作者简介:崔月(1992-),女,新疆奇台人,硕士研究生,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)17716933312@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发项目“粮食主产区产量与效率层次差异消减技术途径综合评价”(2016YFD0300110)

Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Control of Drip Irrigation Winter Wheat

CUI Yue¹, ZHANG Hong-zhi², ZHAO Qi², LIU Jian-he³

1.College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. Research Institute of Nuclear and Biotechnologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Region, Ministry Agriculture, P. R. China, Urumqi 830091, China;
3. Xinjiang Runzhi Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Qitai Xinjiang 831800, China

Received:2018-03-19 Online:2018-04-20 Published:2018-07-18
Correspondence author: Zhao Qi (1962-), male, native place: Tianjin, researcher, master tutor, research direction for crop high-yield cultivation, (E-mail) zhaoqi@163.com
Supported by:
Selection of High-yield and Fine-quality Peanuts Varieties and Study on the Cultivation（2016B01008-2）

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过对施肥量及灌水量调控,研究水肥最优组合,为地区冬小麦高产栽培、节水节肥措施提供理论依据。【方法】试验采用两因素四水平的裂区试验设计,以新冬36号为试验材料,在大田滴灌条件下,设置0 kg/hm²(N0)、375 kg/hm²(N1)、450 kg/hm²(N2)、525 kg/hm²(N3)四个施肥量(纯量);四个灌水梯度为3 450 m³/hm²(W1)、4 200 m³/hm²(W2)、4 950 m³/hm²(W3)、5 700 m³/hm²(W4)。分析干物质、叶面积指数及产量等性状,研究水肥因子对小麦生长的影响。【结果】干物质积累量从拔节期至灌浆期呈快-慢的增长规律,Logistic方程对其进行拟合表明,各处理从拔节后6~10 d干物质开始快速积累,41~49 d后转为缓慢积累。N2W2进入快速积累时间最早,最大积累速率较高。叶面积指数(LAI)在孕穗期达到最大,后期逐渐减小,N2、N3处理在拔节至孕穗期快速增加,并随着灌水量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。穗粒数与水肥施用量呈正相关关系。最终产量表现为N2>N3>N1>N0,最高产量为N2W3处理的9 848.13 kg/hm²,与N2W2处理无显著差异。水肥交互作用对穗数及产量影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01),对穗粒数有显著影响(P<0.05),与千粒重无显著相关性。【结论】施肥量450 kg/hm²、灌水量为4 200 m³/hm²,即N2W2处理为兼顾高产节水、省肥最优组合。

关键词: 冬小麦; 滴灌; 干物质; 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 To discuss the optimal combination of water and fertilizer and provide the theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of winter wheat and the measures of saving water and fertilizer by designing two factors and four levels of split area and regulating and controlling the amount of fertilizer and irrigation.【Method】The experiment was conducted with Xindong No.36 as the test material. Under the condition of field drip irrigation, four fertilizer rates of 0 kg / hm² (N0), 375 kg / hm² (N1) , 450 kg / hm² (N2) and 525 kg / hm² (N3) were set; Four irrigation gradients were: 3,450 m³ / hm² (W1), 4,200 m³ / hm² (W2) , 4,950 m³ / hm² (W3), 5,700 m³ / hm² (W4). Through the study of dry matter, leaf area index and yield traits, the effects of water and fertilizer on the growth of wheat were revealed.【Result】Under the same amount of fertilizer, increasing irrigation volume significantly increased dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and yield. The accumulation of dry matter increased rapidly and slowly from jointing stage to filling stage. Logistic equation fitting showed that dry matter accumulated rapidly from 5-7 d after jointing stage, after 35-45 d, it turned to slow accumulation. The rapid accumulation time of N2W2 was the earliest and the maximum accumulation rate was higher. Leaf area index (LAI) reached the maximum at booting stage and gradually decreased at later stage. N2W3 treatment increased rapidly from jointing to booting stage, and increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount. The final yield was N2 > N3 > N1 > N0, and the highest yield was 9,848.13 kg/hm² for N2W3 treatment. There was no significant difference with N2W2 treatment. The effect of water and fertilizer interaction on panicle number and yield was very significant (P < 0.01), and had significant effect on grain number per ear (P < 0.05), but had no significant correlation with 1,000-grain weight.【Conclusion】In conclusion, the fertilization amount is 450 kg/hm² and irrigation volume is 4,200 m³ / hm², that is, N2W2 treatment is the optimal combination of high yield and water and fertilizer saving.

Key words: winter wheat; drip irrigation; dry matter; yield

中图分类号:

S512

崔月,张宏芝,赵奇,刘建鹤. 水肥运筹对滴灌冬小麦干物质积累和产量调控效应研究[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(4): 618-626.

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水肥运筹对滴灌冬小麦干物质积累和产量调控效应研究

Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Control of Drip Irrigation Winter Wheat

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